tetramethylpyrazine has been researched along with pyrazines in 987 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 51 (5.17) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 143 (14.49) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 259 (26.24) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 436 (44.17) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 98 (9.93) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Pang, L; Wang, BZ; Yang, MG; Yu, ZJ | 1 |
| Ma, HT; Ruan, CG; Wu, GX; Wu, JC | 1 |
| Chen, K; Chen, KJ | 1 |
| Li, YK; Liang, ZJ; Xu, J | 1 |
| Ke, J; Lü, AG; Zhang, GQ | 1 |
| Shao, GF | 1 |
| Peng, W | 1 |
| Wang, Z | 1 |
| Wang, ZL | 1 |
| Cui, LH; Duan, SF; Peng, W | 1 |
| Fu, QL | 1 |
| Ozaki, Y | 1 |
| Tian, YL | 1 |
| Chen, MC; Cragoe, EJ; Daniel, EE; Gaspar, V; Kwan, CY; Ohta, A; Shi, AG; Wang, ZL | 1 |
| Chen, MC; Daniel, EE; Kwan, CY | 1 |
| Huang, YL; Qian, XH; Wu, SP | 1 |
| Chiou, GC; Lei, XL; Li, BH; Shen, ZF; Yan, HY | 1 |
| Chen, MC; Kwan, CY; Ohta, A; Wang, ZL | 1 |
| Barer, G; Bee, D; Emery, C; Oddoy, A | 1 |
| Lu, K; Yang, S; Yu, H; Zhao, Z | 1 |
| Duan, SF; Peng, W | 6 |
| Zhao, PY | 1 |
| Li, B | 1 |
| Chen, BH | 1 |
| Barer, GR; Barnes, PJ; Cai, YN; Evans, TW; Liu, SF; McCormack, DG | 1 |
| Li, C; Sun, R; Yan, Y | 1 |
| Hsu, WH; Smith, BE | 1 |
| Ma, JP; Ozaki, Y | 1 |
| Liu, SY; Sylvester, DM | 3 |
| Zhou, SY | 1 |
| Tang, Q; Wang, G; Zhu, Y | 1 |
| Chen, LX; Chen, TF; Jiang, GF; Liang, ZY; Lin, SG; Qian, YZ; Xie, YA; Yang, M | 1 |
| Nye, PC; Peers, C; Smith, PA | 1 |
| Chen, XY | 1 |
| Chiou, WF; Wu, CC; Yen, MH | 1 |
| Barer, GR; Cai, YN | 1 |
| Marmelstein, L; Radley, T; Reddy, S; Trad, T; Tuttle, RS | 1 |
| Gao, BT | 1 |
| Barer, G; Bee, D; Cai, YN | 1 |
| Chen, MQ; Luo, H; Wen, YY | 1 |
| Dai, SL; Li, CC; Liu, CY; Wang, SS; Wang, ZY; Wu, YQ; Xue, QF; Yuan, SY; Zhu, LX | 1 |
| Cai, W; Dong, SN; Lou, YQ | 1 |
| Feng, CS | 1 |
| Barer, GR; Cai, YN; Emery, CJ; Russell, PC | 1 |
| Borst, S; Hui, KK; Tse, E; Yu, JL | 1 |
| Ho, WK; Lee, CM; Wen, HL | 1 |
| Chen, LF; Li, QA; Liu, GH; Wang, GX | 1 |
| Yuan, XJ | 1 |
| Sun, RY | 1 |
| Salganicoff, L; Sevy, R; Zhou, XB | 1 |
| Xue, QF | 1 |
| Luo, G | 1 |
| Cui, XX; Tang, TQ; Zhou, HX | 1 |
| Luo, G; Shen, C; Yang, X; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Chen, KJ; Wu, YS | 1 |
| Ba, YK; Wang, YL | 1 |
| Liao, JX; Xie, RF; Yuan, SW | 1 |
| Feng, GH; Feng, MG; Zhou, QG | 1 |
| Chen, XZ; Sun, WY; Ye, WY | 1 |
| Cheng, K; Dai, SL; Su, SY | 1 |
| Ding, YA; Yen, MH | 1 |
| Wang, DX; Wu, F; Zou, AP | 1 |
| Cao, X; Chen, ML; Lou, YQ; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Lin, KC; Nie, SQ; Xie, ZC | 1 |
| Li, H; Liu, JY; Meng, JR; Yin, WT | 1 |
| Chen, KJ; Guo, SK; Qian, MY; Qian, ZH; Weng, WL | 1 |
| Zeng, GY; Zhang, LY; Zhang, Y; Zhou, YP | 1 |
| Ojewole, JA | 2 |
| Odebiyi, OO; Ojewole, JA | 2 |
| Odebiyi, OO | 1 |
| Liu, J; Qiang, W; Ye, S | 1 |
| Matsumoto, K; Ni, JW; Watanabe, H | 1 |
| Huang, X; Wen, ZD; Zang, YM | 1 |
| Sun, L; Yi, ZW; Yu, PL | 1 |
| Duan, SF; Jin, XQ; Niu, RJ | 1 |
| Liu, SY; Xu, YY; Zhu, JY | 1 |
| Li, YJ; Wu, JX; Yan, YF; Yu, XJ | 1 |
| Chen, SY; Huang, JB; Liu, XF | 1 |
| Ge, JY; Zhang, ZL | 1 |
| Cao, W; Luo, W; Zeng, Z | 1 |
| Tang, LL; Wang, LH; Zhu, GY | 1 |
| Sun, R; Wang, D; Xu, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, S | 1 |
| Liu, SM; Tang, TQ | 1 |
| Shi, YT; Shi, ZX; Zhang, JL | 1 |
| Bai, Q; Tang, SB | 1 |
| Qiu, F; Wu, W | 1 |
| Hirobumi, M; Kogo, O; Kuang, P; Takemichi, K; Wu, W; Yasaburo, O; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Guo, CY; Tong, YL; Yang, LL; Yuan, YS | 1 |
| Chen, HM; Lin, CI; Tao, PL; Wei, J; Wu, SL | 1 |
| Cao, Y; Dai, S; Fan, Y; Si, Q; Su, S; Sun, R; Xue, Q; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Huang, X; Ren, P; Wen, AD | 1 |
| Huang, X; Ren, P; Xia, T | 1 |
| Hou, JW; Wang, ZT; Xin, WJ; Yang, FJ; Yu, SZ; Zhang, ZH; Zhao, BL | 1 |
| Cao, W; Guo, Z; Luo, W | 1 |
| Ishitobi, F; Luo, XX; Ogata, H; Xu, X | 1 |
| Huang, JC; Sun, AX; Wang, RX; Wang, XR | 1 |
| Cheng, J; Dai, S; Duan, J; Sun, R; Sun, Y; Xue, Q; Yan, Y; Yuan, Q | 1 |
| Chen, JM; Fan, GH; Xiao, CQ | 1 |
| Gu, MJ; Liu, ZM | 1 |
| Epand, RM; Kwan, CY; Majarais, I; Nie, SQ | 1 |
| Huang, Q; Li, B; Wei, M; Xu, W; Zhu, L | 1 |
| Kwan, CY | 1 |
| Ma, XL | 1 |
| Jiang, J | 1 |
| Dai, S; Hu, S; Li, C; Si, Q; Sun, R; Wang, S; Wu, Y; Xue, Q | 1 |
| Wang, XP; Xu, JY; Yuan, YZ | 1 |
| Hu, YP; Lin, J; Wang, QD; Yie, QX; Zhang, TM | 1 |
| Guo, ZQ; Liao, JZ; Wang, SR | 1 |
| Epand, RM; Kwan, CY; Nie, SQ | 1 |
| Fu, CJ; Zhang, JF; Zhao, GS | 1 |
| Chen, S; Li, JW; Ma, SX; Wang, Y; Yan, YH | 1 |
| Chen, ZH; She, WD | 1 |
| Zhang, KJ; Zhang, YX | 1 |
| Liu, B; Liu, J; Wu, K; Xu, Z; Yan, Y | 1 |
| Tang, LL; Wang, LH; Zhang, JH | 1 |
| Deng, XX; Lu, B; Yang, H; Zeng, FB | 1 |
| Feng, J; Liu, R; Tang, S; Wu, G | 2 |
| Huang, X; Niu, G; Ren, P; Wang, Y; Wen, A; Zang, Y | 1 |
| Hucks, D; Kan, YM; Peng, W; Priest, RM; Ward, JP | 1 |
| Chiu, KW; Pang, PK; Shan, JJ | 1 |
| Watanabe, H | 1 |
| Chen, X; Li, H; Wu, K; Yan, Y | 1 |
| Jing, Z; Pu, Z; Zeng, Z; Zhu, W; Zuo, W | 1 |
| Chui, S; Ding, W; Wang, B; Yang, B; Zhou, C | 1 |
| Ohta, A; Yamada, K | 1 |
| Cai, H; Dai, L; Hou, J | 1 |
| Huang, X; Jiang, YP; Zang, YM | 1 |
| Cui, S; Ding, W; Wang, B; Yang, B; Zhou, C | 1 |
| Jiang, J; Wang, S; Ye, Y | 1 |
| Hung, WC; Kan, YC; Ko, WC; Sheu, JR; Yen, MH | 1 |
| Liao, MH; Wu, CC; Yen, MH | 1 |
| Gasser, R; Grisold, M; Köppel, H | 1 |
| Chen, X; Demura, H; Jin, Z; Liu, H; Naruse, M; Pan, J; Shi, Y; Zeng, Z; Zhou, X; Zhu, W | 1 |
| Cao, W; Demura, H; Luo, W; Naruse, M; Shi, Y; Zeng, Z; Zhu, YJ | 1 |
| Chen, X; Sun, R; Yan, Y | 1 |
| Liu, W; Lu, W; Sun, H; Tang, J; Xiao, K; Xu, H | 1 |
| Chang, QD; Wan, JL; Wang, CL | 1 |
| Chang, FC; Chen, KJ; Hong, CY; Huang, YT; Lin, JG | 2 |
| Li, GS; Sun, BT; Wei, DG | 1 |
| Chen, X; Dong, SN | 1 |
| Huang, X; Jiang, YP; Ren, P | 1 |
| Lin, LN; Wang, WT; Xu, ZJ | 1 |
| Cheng, BC; Gao, SZ; Wang, ZW | 1 |
| Cao, WF; Chen, BX; Li, RH | 1 |
| Chen, DC; Du, B; Pan, JQ; Qiu, HB; Zhao, YQ | 1 |
| Chang, FC; Chen, KJ; Hong, CY; Huang, YT | 1 |
| Chen, CF; Hong, CY; Liang, CC; Tsai, TH | 1 |
| Feng, J; Tang, S; Wu, G | 1 |
| Chen, SX; Wang, LX; Xing, LL | 1 |
| Guan, W; Shang, Q; Zhang, D | 2 |
| Wang, D; Wei, M; Zhang, H; Zhao, S | 1 |
| Chang, FC; Chen, KJ; Hong, CY; Huang, YT; Lin, HC; Lin, JG | 1 |
| Chen, SJ; Liao, MH; Wu, CC; Yen, MH | 1 |
| Fu, Y; Hu, YM | 1 |
| Gu, Z; Sun, K; Tong, L | 1 |
| Jiao, L; Liao, F | 1 |
| Ding, M; Li, H; Lv, K | 1 |
| Chen, D; Li, X; Zou, J | 1 |
| Hung, WC; Kan, YC; Lin, CH; Sheu, JR; Yen, MH | 1 |
| Wang, Y | 1 |
| Lu, Z; Wang, D; Zhao, H; Zhou, X | 1 |
| Liu, W; Shu, Y; Sun, H | 1 |
| Liu, XJ; Wu, WT | 1 |
| Chen, SL; Li, S; Wang, JH | 1 |
| Liang, C; Tsai, TH | 1 |
| Liao, F | 1 |
| Dong, X; Li, X; Stoltz, JF; Wang, X; Zhao, H; Zhu, C; Zhuang, F | 1 |
| Chang, LG; Minamiyama, M | 1 |
| Hsiao, G; Lee, YM; Sheu, JR; Yen, MH | 1 |
| Guo, H; Luo, H; Xiao, J | 1 |
| Dong, L; Shu, Y; Sun, H | 1 |
| Chen, X; Guo, X; Yan, Y; Yang, H; Zhao, L | 1 |
| Chen, S; Wang, L; Xu, Z | 1 |
| Hayasaka, S; Kitagawa, K; Nagaki, Y; Watanabe, K | 1 |
| Lu, C; Sun, L; Ye, R | 1 |
| Song, D; Su, H; Wu, M | 1 |
| Chen, D; Huang, R; Liao, C | 1 |
| Chen, Y; Li, D; Shi, Y | 1 |
| Ma, T; Wen, L; Xu, J | 1 |
| Guo, JH; Hao, XM; Liu, TF; Zhang, GQ; Zhang, M; Zou, LY | 1 |
| Deng, Z; Ruan, Q; Song, J | 1 |
| Ding, MY; Li, HX; Lv, K; Yu, JY | 1 |
| Goto, S; Handa, S; Ikeda, Y; Li, M | 1 |
| Fan, H; Kong, X; Tian, H | 1 |
| Dong, L; Liu, W; Sun, H | 1 |
| Guo, XX; Liu, YF; Liu, YH | 1 |
| Ruan, Q; Song, J | 1 |
| Fan, S; Jiang, X; Zeng, S | 1 |
| Ma, D; Wang, S; Xin, K | 1 |
| Fan, Y; He, W; Tang, L | 1 |
| Chen, G; Jin, L; Yu, P | 1 |
| Li, L; Sun, Z; Zhao, H | 1 |
| Lin, L; Wang, W; Xu, Z | 1 |
| Yang, Q; Yang, X; Ye, R | 1 |
| Shao, W; Zhang, W; Zhou, S | 1 |
| Huang, P; Li, S; Liu, C | 1 |
| Cai, M; Tian, S; Yu, Z | 1 |
| Cai, H; Dai, L; Hou, J; Huang, M | 1 |
| Han, Y; Kang, F; Li, G; Li, X; Yang, L; Zhai, Y; Zhang, S | 1 |
| Chiou, WF; Fu, YS; Ko, TL; Ku, HH; Shih, YH; Wu, SL | 1 |
| Cai, Y; Ren, M; Yang, R | 1 |
| Pei, L; Wang, J | 1 |
| Chen, S; Dong, H; Lu, Z; Sang, H; Wang, Q; Xiong, L; Zhu, Z | 1 |
| Lin, CC; Lin, SC; Liu, CF; Ng, LT | 1 |
| Cheng, JT; Huang, WC; Lai, TY; Liu, IM; Tsai, CC | 1 |
| Li, XL; Liu, C; Xu, HN | 1 |
| Stoltz, JF; Wang, X; Zhao, H; Zhuang, F | 1 |
| Li, Y; Shi, J; Sun, L; Wang, X | 1 |
| Dai, Q; Fang, M; Liu, W; Lu, W; Ren, T; Sun, H; Xu, H | 1 |
| Chen, PR; Ding, MY; Liu, DL; Liu, H; Luo, SZ | 1 |
| Ding, MY; Li, HX; Lü, K; Yu, JY | 1 |
| He, WL; Wu, F; Zhang, Y; Zhang, ZR | 1 |
| Lee, LM; Liu, CF; Yang, PP | 1 |
| Huang, X; Li, H; Shen, J; Wang, K; Wei, D; Yang, Y | 1 |
| Yang, QQ; Yang, X; Ye, RG | 1 |
| Lin, CL; Xu, YJ; Zhang, ZX | 2 |
| Fang, MH; Ren, TH; Sun, HY | 1 |
| Li, JC; Yang, ZR; Zhang, K | 1 |
| Ackermann, C; Hou, H; Qi, X; Sheng, M; Sun, D | 1 |
| Ackermann, C; Hou, H; Liu, R; Qi, X; Sheng, M; Sun, D | 1 |
| Hou, J; Li, G; Wei, T; Xin, W; Yu, S; Zhang, Z | 2 |
| Liu, W; Lu, W; Meng, F; Sun, H; Sun, L; Xu, H; Zhou, Y | 1 |
| Deng, A; Peng, W; Wang, Y; Yang, X; Zhu, H; Zhu, Z | 1 |
| He, GW; Kwan, YW; Kwok, CC; Shan Au, AL; Zhang, RZ | 1 |
| Chen, DZ; Huang, RJ; Liao, CX | 1 |
| Ackermann, C; Hou, H; Liu, RR; Qi, X; Sun, D | 1 |
| Li, C; Liu, X; Wang, X; Xu, W; Zhang, R; Zhao, Q | 1 |
| Guan, CY; Shi, DZ; Xu, H | 1 |
| Zhang, BT | 1 |
| Dong, L; Liu, W; Sun, H; Tao, D; Xu, H; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Dong, L; Liu, W; Sun, H; Tao, D; Xu, H | 1 |
| Fang, M; Liu, W; Sun, H | 1 |
| Chen, JL; Chen, NW; Chen, WX; Wu, YL; Zhang, MJ; Zhou, T; Zhu, JS | 1 |
| Hao, JC; Jian, HY | 1 |
| Chan, P; Cheng, JT; Huang, WC; Lai, TY; Liu, IM; Tsai, CC; Wong, KL; Yang, T | 1 |
| Wang, XF; Zhao, MQ | 1 |
| ADACHI, T; KAMIYA, H; KOSUGE, T | 5 |
| KAMIYA, H; KOSUGE, T | 2 |
| Chen, J; Chen, Z; Liu, JH; Xiao, HJ; Yin, CP | 1 |
| Chan, P; Cheng, JT; Huang, WC; Lai, TY; Liu, IM; Tsai, CC; Wong, KL; Yang, TL | 1 |
| Chan, HC; Chung, YW; Gou, YL; Rowlands, DK; Tang, N; Xing, Y; Zhao, WC; Zhu, JX | 1 |
| Tang, X | 1 |
| Cai, J; Cui, X; Wang, SZ; Zhang, C; Zuo, PP | 2 |
| Li, KH; Lu, HB; Xiao, S | 1 |
| Gao, Y; Liang, SD; Mu, SN; Xu, BH; Xu, CS | 1 |
| Chan, HC; He, Q; Xing, Y; Zhu, JX | 1 |
| Lu, D | 1 |
| Luo, R; Yan, F | 1 |
| Hintz, KK; Ren, J | 1 |
| Gan, W; Lin, R; Liu, J | 1 |
| Kim, B; Kim, EY; Rhyu, MR | 1 |
| Liu, WL; Lu, W; Sun, HY; Sun, L; Xu, HZ; Zhou, YL | 1 |
| Ling, CQ; Wang, X | 1 |
| Liu, W; Lu, W; Sun, H; Wu, N; Xu, H | 1 |
| Hu, Y; Li, J; Tong, L; Wang, D; Zhang, D | 1 |
| Guo, XL; Huang, XZ; Shi, D | 1 |
| Fu, L; Liu, D; Liu, WL; Luo, L; Sun, HY; Xu, HZ; Zhou, JF | 1 |
| Chen, X; Wang, X | 1 |
| Chan, HC; Chung, YW; He, Q; Tsang, LL; Yang, N; Zhao, WC; Zhu, JX | 1 |
| Liu, WL; Sun, HY; Wu, N | 1 |
| Fu, L; Liu, D; Liu, WL; Lu, W; Luo, L; Sun, HY; Xu, HZ; Zhou, JF | 1 |
| Chan, HC; Chung, YW; Gou, YL; Tsang, LL; Wong, HY; Yang, N; Zhang, GH; Zhu, JX | 1 |
| Goto, S; Li, M; Liao, F; Wang, Z; Wong, RN; Zhao, C | 1 |
| Fu, L; Huang, M; Liu, W; Lu, W; Luo, L; Sun, H; Xu, H; Zhou, J | 1 |
| Anzai, J; Hoshi, T; Kashiwagi, Y; Li, G; Sun, Z; Zheng, X | 1 |
| Chen, RH; Chen, SQ; Huang, Y; Zhang, G | 1 |
| Chen, J; Chen, Z; Fan, L; Liu, J; Wang, T; Xiao, H; Ye, Z; Yin, C | 1 |
| Liu, D; Liu, WL; Liu, ZF; Lu, W; Meng, FK; Su, HZ; Sun, HY | 1 |
| Dong, JC; Gong, ZH; Ni, J | 1 |
| Deng, HW; Deng, PY; Hu, CP; Li, YJ; Zhou, Y | 1 |
| Chen, F; Li, HB | 1 |
| Yue, XF; Zhang, YN; Zhang, ZQ | 1 |
| Cheng, F; Feng, L; Li, S; Li, Y; Xiong, Y; Zhang, L | 1 |
| Dong, H; Tang, R; Tong, J; Wang, Y; Xu, J | 1 |
| Chen, CJ; Chen, SY; Chen, WY; Kao, TK; Liao, SL; Lin, YS; Lu, HC; Raung, SL; Wu, CW | 1 |
| Esberg, LB; Ren, J | 1 |
| Gong, X; Huang, Y; Wan, JY; Wu, P; Ye, DY; Zhang, L | 1 |
| Chen, Q; Li, BL; Song, ZJ | 1 |
| Fang, L; Jin, X; Qi, M; Wang, P | 1 |
| Bai, M; Jiang, AH; Ma, KL; Wang, QM; Wang, YJ | 1 |
| Li, XS; Liu, LY; Liu, ZQ; Tan, LX | 1 |
| Gong, JP; Li, XH; Liu, CA; Mei, Y; Ren, MJ; Shi, YJ; Zuo, GQ | 1 |
| Gan, WJ; Lin, R; Liu, JT; Wang, WR | 1 |
| Li, HL; Wang, WJ; Wang, XH; Yang, L | 1 |
| He, L; Li, CR; Liu, D; Liu, WL; Meng, FK; Sun, HY; Wu, N; Xu, HZ | 1 |
| Chan, HC; Chung, YW; Rowlands, DK; Tsang, LL; Wong, HY; Yang, N; Zhang, GH; Zhu, JX | 1 |
| Chen, SY; Hu, S; Huan, Y; Liu, YH; Wei, MQ; Xiong, LZ | 1 |
| Gao, Y; Li, GL; Liang, SD; Liu, HQ; Xu, CS; Zhou, T | 1 |
| Chen, L; Hu, HY; Li, L; Li, ZC; Ma, YQ; Yan, HX; Yang, WX; Zheng, Y | 1 |
| Fang, MR; Li, JC | 1 |
| Fan, XL; Gao, YF | 1 |
| Guo, ZQ; Wang, SR; Zhu, LQ | 1 |
| Huang, WC; Lai, TY; Liou, SS; Liu, IM; Tsai, CC | 1 |
| Chen, XL; Han, ZX; Wang, SY; Xu, QL; Zhang, Z; Zheng, H | 1 |
| Chen, JM; Hu, SX; Li, D; Lin, SC; Luo, L; Yang, JN | 1 |
| Chan, HC; Chung, YW; He, Q; Rowlands, DK; Tsang, LL; Xing, Y; Yang, N; Zhu, JX | 1 |
| Bi, WF; Chang, NC; Chen, CH; Chen, JJ; Cheng, TH; Chiu, HC; Lian, WS; Lin, H; Liu, JC; Shih, CM; Wang, TC; Yang, HY | 1 |
| Chen, L; Hu, HY; Li, L; Li, ZC; Yan, HX; Yang, WX; Zheng, Y | 1 |
| Bator, G; Grech, E; Natkaniec, I; Nowicka-Scheibe, J; Pawlukojć, A; Sobczyk, L | 1 |
| Cai, J; Huang, J; Huang, Z; Shen, T; Weng, W; Xu, H; Zhang, J | 1 |
| Chan, P; Chen, CH; Cheng, TH; Kao, PF; Lee, WS; Liu, JC; Yang, HY | 1 |
| Feng, J; Sun, R; Tian, Z; Wei, H; Xiao, W; Xu, X; Zhen, C | 1 |
| Fan, XL; Gao, YF; He, ZX; Song, XA; Wu, SD | 1 |
| Chen, JM; Hu, SX; Lin, SC; Luo, L; Xu, JG; Yang, JN | 1 |
| Chen, CJ; Chen, WY; Kao, TK; Kuo, JS; Liao, SL; Ling, NN; Ou, YC; Peng, WH; Wu, CW; Zhang, YH | 1 |
| Duan, DX; Tang, N; Wang, ZJ; Xing, Y; Yan, M; Zhang, GH; Zhao, WC | 1 |
| Chen, CF; Huang, TC; Lin, CH; Lin, SC; Liu, CF | 1 |
| Chen, L; Deng, YL; Du, J; Huang, H; Lin, YZ; Xu, CX | 1 |
| Fu, L; Liu, D; Liu, W; Luo, L; Meng, F; Sun, H | 1 |
| Chen, J; Fan, L; Liu, J; Wang, T; Xiao, H; Ye, Z; Yin, C | 1 |
| Cai, F; Li, ML; Liu, ZF; Pei, J; Yang, Y; Yang, YY; Zeng, XR; Zhou, W | 1 |
| Chen, XL; Chen, ZW; Han, ZX; Wang, SY; Zheng, H | 1 |
| Li, XS; Liu, LY; Wan, XQ | 1 |
| Chen, YC; Chou, DS; Hsiao, G; Lin, CH; Lin, JH; Lin, KH; Sheu, JR | 1 |
| Deng, L; Gong, T; He, LL; Li, LL; Zhang, ZR | 1 |
| Ding, H; Wu, F; Zhang, Z | 2 |
| Hu, Z; Lin, LN; Wang, WT; Wu, JZ; Xie, K | 1 |
| Chan, HC; Chung, YW; Connie Wong, HY; Yang, N; Zhang, GH; Zhu, JX | 1 |
| Jiang, H; Liu, YK; Zhang, XY | 1 |
| Cheng, B; Dang, XQ; Fan, LH; Wang, CS; Wang, KZ | 1 |
| Hua, DL; Liu, PH; Xiao, ZJ; Xie, NZ; Xu, P | 1 |
| Gao, Y; Guo, P; Li, YF; Liang, QD; Ma, BP; Ma, ZC; Tan, HL; Tan, W; Wang, SQ; Zhou, Z | 1 |
| Chen, SY; Cheng, PY; Hsiao, G; Hwang, HR; Lee, YM | 1 |
| Chan, P; Chen, CH; Chen, TH; Cheng, CY; Chu, YL; Hou, CC; Hsu, YH; Sue, YM | 1 |
| Liu, PX; Liu, WL; Qi, JL; Sun, HY; Wang, MY; Wu, N; Yang, XG; Zhang, XQ; Zhou, DF | 1 |
| Dai, Z; Hu, JZ; Kang, M; Lei, GH; Lü, HB; Luo, CY | 1 |
| Du, HK; Gao, XX; Li, HW; Wang, YF | 1 |
| Liu, Y; Qi, CF; Qian, YH; Qiu, F; Tian, YF; Zhao, JJ | 1 |
| Luo, JB; Yang, ZL; Zhang, CF | 2 |
| Davey, AK; Evans, AM; Li, Y; Wang, J; Xu, D; Zhang, S | 1 |
| Liu, Y; Qi, CF; Qiu, F; Tian, YF; Xiao, XL; Yang, J; Zhang, PB; Zhao, JJ | 1 |
| Dang, SC; Qu, JG; Wang, XQ; Zhang, JX | 2 |
| Liu, J; Liu, YO; Pan, J; Pan, XJ; Zhang, BJ; Zou, WJ | 1 |
| Dang, SC; Zhang, JX | 1 |
| Bu, B; Liu, PX; Liu, WL; Qi, JL; Sun, HY; Wang, MY; Wu, N; Zhang, XQ; Zhou, DF | 1 |
| He, J; Liu, XL; Peng, WX; Song, J; Tang, J; Xu, P | 1 |
| Chen, CH; Chen, TH; Chu, YL; Hou, CC; Hsu, YH; Juan, SH; Lin, H; Sue, YM | 1 |
| Chen, G; Chen, WH; Feng, JD; Hu, YY; Xu, XY; Ye, L | 1 |
| Du, ST; Jiang, H; Liu, YK; Niu, CY; Zhang, YP; Zhao, ZG | 1 |
| Chen, XL; Chen, ZW; Gao, S; Zheng, H | 1 |
| Chen, XL; Kang, QY; Liu, Y; Qi, CF; Qiu, F; Tian, YF; Zhang, PB; Zhao, JJ | 1 |
| Gao, Y; Ma, ZC; Tan, HL; Wang, SQ; Wang, YG; Xiao, CR | 1 |
| Qi-Neng, P; Yan-Yu, X; Zhi-Peng, C | 1 |
| Chang, Y; Chen, SH; Chen, YC; Chou, DS; Hsiao, G; Lin, JH; Lin, KH; Sheu, JR | 1 |
| Cheng, XR; Du, GH; Hu, JJ; Sun, L; Zhang, L | 1 |
| Kuang, XD; Li, XH; Xiong, YQ | 1 |
| Fu, H; Li, J; Li, QX; Shao, L; Xia, L | 1 |
| Chiou, GC; Jiang, W; Zou, Y | 1 |
| Dang, SC; Fan, X; Qu, JG; Wang, XQ; Zhang, JX | 1 |
| Cheng, XC; Guo, XL; Liu, XY; Ou, Y; Xu, WF | 1 |
| Wan, HT; Wang, Y; Yang, JH | 1 |
| Cheng, Y; Shen, P; Zhou, C | 1 |
| Luo, JB; Yang, ZL; Zhang, CF; Zhao, HN; Zhu, QH | 1 |
| Chen, HP; He, M; Huang, QR; Liu, D; Zeng, GH | 1 |
| Lu, J; Qu, ZL; Ren, XY; Ruan, QR; Zhu, DH; Zhu, M | 1 |
| Chen, XL; Liu, Y; Qi, CF; Tian, YM; Xiao, XL; Zhang, JF; Zhang, JS; Zhang, PB | 1 |
| Chen, DZ; Chen, SY; Gao, DF; Hao, GH; Niu, XL; Wang, WQ; Wei, J; Zhu, XL; Zhu, XX | 1 |
| Chen, XL; Liu, Y; Qi, CF; Qiu, F; Tian, YM; Xiao, XL; Zhang, JS; Zhang, PB | 1 |
| Liu, Y; Qian, YH; Qiu, F | 1 |
| Cao, Y; Cui, GY; Gao, QH; Shi, LJ; Tang, H | 1 |
| Chen, L; Chen, Z; Ding, S; Feng, Y; Ma, G; Shen, C | 1 |
| Jing, FC; Wang, DQ; Wang, W | 1 |
| Chen, LJ; Chen, Z; Ding, S; Feng, Y; Ma, GS; Shen, CX | 1 |
| Sreekanth, BR; Vishweshwar, P; Vyas, K | 1 |
| Liang, J; Yang, HY; Yang, QZ | 1 |
| Fan, X; Gao, Y; He, Z; Hinghofer-Szalkay, HG; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Ho, JW; Jie, M | 1 |
| Deng, X; He, M; Wang, Y; Wu, W | 1 |
| Gao, S; Kong, LH; Mao, JJ; Su, FR; Sun, GJ | 1 |
| Cheng, Y; Feng, L; Gao, C; Li, YP | 1 |
| Bai, M; Fang, ZY; Feng, G; Tao, XN; Xiong, L | 1 |
| Cheng, TH; Chou, YH; Hong, HJ; Wong, KL; Wu, KC; Wu, RS | 1 |
| Chen, ZQ; Hong, L; Wang, H | 1 |
| Goto, S; Kum, WF; Kumar Durairajan, SS; Li, M; Liao, FL; Xie, LX; Zhang, HX; Zhao, MQ | 1 |
| Ge, J; Tan, Z; Yang, Z; Zhang, Q | 1 |
| Cheng, FC; Cheng, H; Chou, SC; Fu, YS; Fu, YY; Hsu, SY; Kao, LS; Lin, YY; Shih, YH; Tsai, TH; Wang, JY | 1 |
| Guo, M; Guo, TT; Guo, ZF | 1 |
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| Guo, Y; Han, J; Pan, YJ; Wan, HT; Wang, Y; Yan, WM; Yang, JH; Yu, Q | 1 |
| Chen, HG; Li, R; Liu, YD; Sun, HJ; Wu, W | 1 |
| Chen, H; Gao, C; Liu, W; Liu, X; Shi, H; Zhao, S; Zhao, Z | 1 |
| Deng, YJ; Ding, PT; Meng, DM; Wei, MY; Xu, YH | 1 |
| Ju, Y; Liu, WK; Ma, L; Zhang, YK | 1 |
| Liu, WK; Ma, L; Zhang, YK | 1 |
| Gao, Y; Liang, S; Mu, S; Wan, F; Wang, Y; Xu, C; Zhang, A | 1 |
| Kissel, T; Mao, S; Mei, D; Sun, W; Wang, Y | 1 |
| Fan, BH; Liu, JH; Wang, F; Wang, P; Wang, YH; Xu, F; Xu, QZ; Zhang, GJ; Zheng, HP | 1 |
| He, L; Sun, HY; Tan, XY; Zhang, KJ; Zuo, XL | 1 |
| Hu, JZ; Li, XM; Lü, HB; Shen, ZX; Wang, XY; Xu, DQ | 1 |
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| Chen, SY; Gong, G; Hu, S; Liu, ZG; Ma, X; Wang, Q; Xiong, LZ; Zhu, XL; Zhu, ZH | 1 |
| Jiang, J; Liu, W; Sun, Y; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Xu, C; Yu, P; Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Chang, CC; Chen, CH; Cheng, CF; Chou, Y; Juan, SH; Sue, YM | 1 |
| Che, XW; Wang, H; Wang, W; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Hu, X; Tian, M; Wan, H; Yang, J; Zhang, H; Zhao, C; Zhu, H | 1 |
| Roesler, R; Schröder, N; Schwartsmann, G | 1 |
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| Chen, LJ; Ding, S; Feng, Y | 1 |
| Jiao, BM; Li, ZL; Qian, HJ; Su, L; Zheng, JS | 1 |
| Liu, FJ; Liu, SW; Shi, QX; Sun, LY; Tong, LQ; Yan, YP; Zhu, CF | 1 |
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| He, JS; Zhu, GS | 1 |
| Hua, KQ; Min, ZH; Zhang, JN | 1 |
| Ge, QX; Wang, CL; Wang, SJ; Wu, Y | 1 |
| Bi, KS; Hu, X; Lü, YF | 1 |
| Jiang, LD; Lu, XY; Qin, Y; Wang, SR; Wu, AM; Zhang, DM; Zhu, LQ | 1 |
| Gao, X; Hu, M; Kang, Y; Wang, MW; Zhu, Y | 1 |
| Cheng, XC; Guo, XL; Liu, XY; Song, YN; Xu, WF; Zhang, N | 1 |
| Chan, HC; Cui, YG; Gou, YL; Rowlands, DK; Wong, HY | 1 |
| Liu, Y; Lu, M; Wang, F; Zhang, Y; Zhou, J | 1 |
| Lu, JR; Ma, C; Xiao, Z; Xu, P | 1 |
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| He, JL; Li, WM; Li, XY; Liu, HT; Yu, C | 1 |
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| Chen, Z; Huang, Y; Jiang, D; Liu, J; Ou, Y; Yuan, X | 1 |
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| Cheng, CY; He, SL; He, XF; Jiang, HH; Lin, GQ; Sun, Y; Tian, XM; Wang, GF; Wen, ZB | 1 |
| Ding, ST; Li, WM; Li, XY; Liu, HT; Teng, YZ; Wu, JY; Xu, G; Yu, C | 1 |
| Fan, WL; Xu, Y; Zhu, BF | 1 |
| Guo, LY; Li, HL; Liu, M; Liu, Y; Wang, JN; Wang, SS; Wang, XB; Xiang, JZ; Zhang, QF; Zheng, F | 1 |
| An, GS; Jia, HT; Jia, YH; Li, SY; Ni, JH; Sun, WG; Tang, Y | 1 |
| Chen, DW; Jin, J; Lu, W; Zhang, XY | 1 |
| Chen, HX; Chen, ZP; Ping, QN; Xiao, YY | 1 |
| Lü, D; Ma, CM; Qin, C; Wang, SM; Zhang, L; Zhang, LF; Zhang, W; Zhao, HP | 1 |
| Chen, X; Liu, Y; Shi, Q; Tian, Y; Yang, P; Zhang, H; Zhang, J | 1 |
| Chen, G; Feng, B; Ma, Q; Xu, X; Zhang, J | 1 |
| Fan, C; Liu, W; Zhang, X; Zhou, J | 1 |
| Xu, Y; Zhu, BF | 2 |
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| Li, S; Lu, B; Si, S; Yu, L; Zeng, Y | 1 |
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| Chen, X; Liu, Y; Qi, C; Qiu, F; Xiao, X; Yang, P; Zhang, J | 1 |
| Li, XL; Liu, D; Zheng, QL | 1 |
| Chen, G; Feng, B; Xu, X; Zhang, J | 2 |
| Liu, Q; Luo, G; Shi, J; Wang, Y | 1 |
| Dong, YQ; Li, L; Wang, LX | 1 |
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| Li, LH; Liao, Y; Wu, HF; Zhu, ZJ; Zuo, GQ | 1 |
| Jiang, DM; Liang, Y; Yang, QH; Yu, XD | 1 |
| Gao, C; Li, J; Liu, X; Shao, Z; Sun, Z; Zhao, Z | 1 |
| Cheng, CS; Ma, WL; Zhao, ZW | 1 |
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| Jiang, C; Yang, XG | 1 |
| Chen, RJ; Chen, XW; Fang, ZX; Hao, ML; Wang, FY; Wang, WT; Wang, XY | 1 |
| Fang, ZX; Hao, ML; Ni, SR; Song, ZJ; Wang, FY; Wang, WT; Xie, KJ | 1 |
| Wang, LX; Xu, ZJ; Yu, LS | 1 |
| Li, D; Lin, LN; Wang, WT; Xu, ZJ | 1 |
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| Ni, SR; Wang, WT; Xu, ZJ; Zhou, WB | 1 |
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| Ma, ML; Ou, JM; Wang, C; Wu, DJ; Zhang, XP | 1 |
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| Chen, Z; Huo, JR; Yang, L; Zhu, HY | 1 |
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| Deng, S; Li, H; Qin, DL; Zhang, Z; Zhou, M | 1 |
| Wang, YL; Yang, ZL; Zhan, W; Zhang, CF | 1 |
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| Chen, H; Jiang, J; Li, S; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wu, J | 1 |
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| Chen, J; Li, G; Lu, Z; Ma, Y; Xia, R; Xu, Q; Xu, W; Xu, Z | 1 |
| Dang, X; Die, J; Fan, L; Shi, Z; Wang, C; Wang, K | 1 |
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| Chen, S; Jiang, F; Liu, C; Qian, J; Zhang, W | 1 |
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| Chen, WJ; He, JL; Li, WM; Liu, HT; Liu, HZ; Wang, YX; Yang, Z; Yin, J; Yu, C | 1 |
| Liang, Y; Si, LY; Xiao, L; Xu, Q; Yang, QH; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Li, JH; Wan, HT; Zhu, ZH | 1 |
| He, Z; Liu, H; Liu, J; Liu, X; Zeng, Z; Zhou, W | 1 |
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| Wu, HJ; Zheng, SD | 1 |
| Li, YL; Peng, XM; Shuai, B; Wang, HD; Wang, YP; Wang, ZH; Xie, JH | 1 |
| Chen, ZQ; Feng, NP; Ji, L; Liu, Y; Wang, H; Zhang, YT; Zhao, JH | 1 |
| Chen, H; Li, G; Liu, X; Zhan, P | 1 |
| Cheng, Y; Gong, JB; Jiang, SS; Lv, L; Xu, J | 1 |
| Fu, Q; Liu, LS; Wang, CX; Yuan, XP | 1 |
| Cong, W; Liu, Q; Luo, G; Shi, J; Wang, Y | 1 |
| Gao, C; Peng, H; Wang, S; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Guo, RL; He, KW; Hu, YY | 1 |
| Chen, XB; Hao, J; Jin, BL; Wang, SQ; Wu, HJ | 1 |
| Cheng, QH; Jiang, J; Li, WJ; Shen, JY; Ye, Q; Zhang, XP; Zhu, H | 1 |
| Chen, N; Chen, W; He, X; Lu, Y; Yang, X; Zheng, Z | 1 |
| Li, J; Lu, J; Wan, H; Yang, J; Zhang, Y; Zhu, Z | 1 |
| Ge, WP; Liu, N; Lu, D; Ma, CM; Qin, C; Shao, HT; Zhang, LF; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Chen, H; Deng, L; Guo, X; Liu, X; Song, Y; Wu, J; Zhai, L; Zhan, P | 1 |
| Lin, L; Ni, Q; Wang, B; Wang, X | 1 |
| Gu, X; Hu, Y; Wang, C; Wu, Y; Xu, Y | 1 |
| Cao, C; Chen, X; Luo, T; Meng, QT; Wu, X; Wu, Y; Xia, ZY; Zhao, B | 1 |
| Guo, G; Hu, T; Shen, Y; Wang, C; Wu, Y; Xu, Y | 1 |
| Chen, F; Han, JZ; Hu, JH; Liu, JY; Sun, J; Zhu, QG | 1 |
| Pan, XJ; Xiao, W; Yang, ZH; Zheng, CY; Zhou, SY; Zhu, MX | 1 |
| Gao, C; Liu, Y; Ma, L; Wang, S; Zhang, X | 1 |
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| Luo, G; Shi, J; Wang, Y | 1 |
| Sun, Y; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Yu, P; Zhai, Z; Zhang, G; Zhong, H | 1 |
| Cheng, Z | 1 |
| Yang, J; Yang, S; Yuan, YJ | 1 |
| Cao, Y; Lei, H; Li, Q; Liu, J; She, G; Wang, P; Xu, X; Yang, Y; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Guo, L; Sun, Y; Wang, A; Xu, C | 1 |
| Cheng, Y; Gong, J; Jiang, S; Lv, L; Meng, Q; Xu, J | 1 |
| Ge, B; Guo, C; Liu, X; Zhao, H; Zhen, P | 1 |
| Sun, YK; Wang, SR; Yu, Y | 1 |
| Chen, J; Ding, X; Li, B; Li, L; Shi, L; Su, J; Zhang, H | 1 |
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| Ambati, B; Chen, Z; Ge, J; Pan, X; Tian, S; Yang, Y; Yu, K; Zhang, J; Zhuang, J | 1 |
| Cui, L; Li, Z; Liu, X; Shen, Y; Wang, S; Yu, F; Zhan, P | 1 |
| Liu, HW; Yan, YL; Zhou, LL | 1 |
| Chen, QF; Guo, LH; Hu, YN; Wang, L; Yang, C; Zhang, MZ | 1 |
| Kim, JO; Li, G; Marasini, N; Quan, Q; Wei, L; Yong, CS | 1 |
| Cai, LL; Ding, LT; Gu, ZQ; Lü, GZ; Peng, JL; Zhu, YG | 1 |
| Wu, D; Xu, D | 1 |
| Huang, Z; Luo, ZL; Ren, JD; Tang, LJ; Tian, FZ; Wan, H; Wang, T; Yan, HT | 1 |
| Chen, L; Kong, D; Lu, Y; Ni, C; Zhang, F; Zhang, X; Zheng, S; Zhu, X | 1 |
| Fan, Y; Lu, C; Ma, L; Na, S; Wang, L; Wu, H | 1 |
| Guo, Q; Huang, YW; Shi, ZF; Wang, LS; Zhang, YF; Zhou, LL | 1 |
| Kong, L; Luo, A; Ma, J; Qian, C; Ren, Z; Zhang, P; Zhang, S | 1 |
| Han, R; Li, J; Luo, Q; Shen, J; Tang, Q; Xiao, H | 1 |
| Hu, J; Li, J; Lu, H; Wang, S; Xiao, Z; Xu, D; Zhuo, X | 1 |
| Hu, JZ; Huang, JH; Li, JH; Li, XM; Lu, HB; Xiao, ZM | 1 |
| Gao, Y; Hinghofer-Szalkay, HG; Li, G; Li, S; Wang, H; Yang, Z | 1 |
| Chen, L; Ding, Y; Hou, X; Li, H; Tang, Y; Zhao, S; Zheng, Y; Zhou, H | 1 |
| Gao, XM; Leng, YF; Wang, SX; Xing, YH | 1 |
| Chen, L; Kong, DS; Lei, N; Lu, Y; Zhang, F; Zhang, XP; Zhang, ZL; Zheng, SZ; Zhu, XJ | 1 |
| Cui, JH; Gao, YF; Wu, X; Zhao, XH | 1 |
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| Chen, DM; Shi, CG; Sun, MZ; Wang, GF; Wang, HF; Wang, L; Wu, SX; Xu, ZQ | 1 |
| Nie, H; Ran, X; Zeng, Z | 1 |
| Fu, D; Gong, X; Lu, H; Norgren, S; Tang, X; Wang, G; Wang, Q; Wang, Y | 1 |
| Cai, X; Chen, P; Chen, Z; Ge, J; Georgakilas, AG; Hu, H; Pan, X; Tian, S; Xia, L; Yang, Y; Yu, K; Zhang, J; Zhuang, J | 1 |
| Chang, CH; Chen, SH; Huang, WT; Kao, CH; Lin, CH | 1 |
| Kutanovas, S; Meskys, R; Rutkiene, R; Stankeviciute, J; Tauraite, D; Urbelis, G | 1 |
| Chen, Z; Fei, P; Shuai, L; Wang, Q; Yang, T | 1 |
| Bai, X; He, J; Jiang, J; Li, H; Niu, L; Song, M; Sun, N; Sun, Y; Zhao, X | 1 |
| Chang, CY; Chen, CJ; Chen, WY; Kao, TK; Kuan, YH; Li, GZ; Liao, SL; Ou, YC; Pan, HC | 1 |
| Deng, KW; He, FY; He, QP; Li, B; Liu, W; Liu, WL; Shi, JL; Wu, Y | 1 |
| Chen, S; Li, Z; Ma, X; Pan, J; Zheng, Z | 1 |
| Cai, D; Feng, L; Jiao, Y; Liu, X; Mao, W; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Zhang, D; Zhang, J; Zhao, X | 1 |
| Chen, YG; Huang, LL; Liu, B; Tao, XG; Wang, JQ; Wei, L; Zhang, L | 1 |
| Fan, X; Huang, C; Li, Y; Wang, W; Zhan, X | 1 |
| Dong, T; Fang, F; Han, H; Han, MX; Wang, H; Wang, MX; Wang, XY; Wu, LM; Xie, DJ; Yang, WM | 1 |
| Cheng, M; Han, L; Li, M; She, T; Shi, C; Yu, L | 1 |
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| Luo, XP; Wu, W; Yang, SH; Yu, X; Zheng, D | 1 |
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| Tang, Z; Wang, Q; Xu, H; Zhang, W | 1 |
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| Chen, L; Kong, D; Lu, Y; Zhang, F; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z; Zheng, S; Zhu, X | 1 |
| Tang, Z; Wang, Q; Xu, HY | 1 |
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| Chen, C; Cheng, Y; Chu, F; Lei, H; Li, G; Li, Q; Lin, J; Wang, L; Wang, P; Xu, X; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y | 1 |
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| Cui, W; Duan, H; Han, Y; Hoi, PM; Lang, M; Lee, SM; Sun, Y; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Xu, D; Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Cheng, CS; Cheng, ZZ; Ma, WL; Shan, HM; Song, GP; Zhao, ZW | 1 |
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| Chen, JH; Guo, XL; Liu, XY; Wang, HY; Zhang, P; Zheng, BB | 1 |
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| Chu, FH; Lei, HM; Li, GL; Lin, JX; Song, JX; Wang, MN; Wang, PL; Xu, X; Zhang, YZ; Zhou, S | 1 |
| Lai, L; Li, J; Yang, J; Yang, X | 1 |
| Chu, F; Gong, Y; Gu, S; Lei, H; Li, G; Wang, M; Wang, P; Xu, B; Xu, K; Xu, X; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Teng, F; Tu, J; Zhang, C; Zhang, D | 1 |
| Chen, L; Cheng, L; Kong, L; Liu, H; Liu, X; Wei, X; Yan, S; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Cheng, Y; Gao, Y; Liang, QD; Ma, ZC; Tan, HL; Tang, XL; Wang, XY; Wang, YG; Xiao, CR | 1 |
| Cai, J; Chen, X; Hou, Z; Huang, RY; Huang, S; Huang, Y; Jia, X; Li, Y; Pan, R; Sun, J; Yang, GY | 1 |
| He, JL; Li, JJ; Pu, QH; Wang, YX; Wu, MJ; Yang, Z; Yu, C | 1 |
| Ma, P; Mu, H; Sun, K; Wang, A; Wei, J; Wu, Z; Zhang, L; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Cao, HJ; Hu, HJ; Li, SG; Liu, J; Lv, B; Zhong, JH; Zhou, J; Zhu, L | 1 |
| Cui, C; Liu, D; Qin, X | 1 |
| Chen, XF; Huang, C; Jiang, B; Tong, LJ; Zhang, W | 1 |
| Ong, OXH; Ong, PKC; Seow, YX; Zhou, W | 1 |
| Chen, WM; Chen, Y; Huangfu, DS; Lin, J; Ruan, ZX; Sun, PH; Wang, F | 1 |
| Gui, C; Huang, K; Huang, Q; Huang, X; Wei, B; Yu, L | 1 |
| Guo, W; Han, J; He, X; Huang, H; Li, X; Li, Y; Liu, X; Song, J; Wang, S; Xing, W; Xu, X; Zhao, R; Zhu, M | 1 |
| Chen, W; Jiang, Y; Lin, N; Liu, C; Wang, C; Wang, H | 1 |
| Chen, HX; Wang, XJ; Xu, YH; Yang, GC; Zhang, P | 2 |
| Bi, L; Cao, J; Miao, Q; Miao, S; Wang, S; Xie, Y; Yang, Q; Zhang, J; Zhang, M; Zhang, S; Zhou, X | 1 |
| Lian, N; Lu, C; Lu, Y; Wu, X; Xiong, X; Zhang, F; Zheng, S | 1 |
| Cui, Y; Guan, D; Li, Y; Meng, Y; Peng, X; Su, Y; Wu, C | 1 |
| Chen, WK; Day, CH; Huang, CY; Jiang, AZ; Kuo, WW; Lin, JY; Lin, KH; Padma, VV; Pai, P; Shen, CY | 1 |
| Cao, Y; Hu, J; Lang, Y; Lu, H; Zhang, T | 1 |
| Cai, W; Chen, HY; Cui, W; Han, YF; Long, C; Sun, YW; Tan, GL; Tsim, KW; Wang, JZ; Wang, YQ; Xu, DP; Yu, P; Zhang, GX; Zhang, ZJ | 1 |
| Feng, EZ; Huang, NX; Tian, ZX; Yang, SY; Yin, H; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Bian, L; Li, Q; Liu, G; Sun, H; Wang, J; Zhao, X; Zheng, X | 1 |
| Polat, H; Türk, Ö; Uysal, O; Yaşar, B | 1 |
| Chang, CY; Chen, CJ; Chen, WY; Kao, TK; Li, JR; Liao, SL; Ou, YC; Raung, SL | 1 |
| Chen, Y; Gao, C; Li, C; Li, W; Peng, H; Wang, H; Zhang, X | 1 |
| He, GW; Li, JM; Wang, J; Xie, D; Zhang, EL | 1 |
| Gong, Z; Huang, Y; Lan, Y; Liu, Y; Lu, Y; Wang, A; Wang, Y; Xie, Y; Zheng, L | 1 |
| Chen, H; Guo, R; Kong, X; Li, W; Liu, H; Liu, X; Tang, M; Wei, C; Wei, X | 1 |
| Bian, Y; Li, W; Li, Z; Song, Y; Zeng, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, T | 1 |
| Chen, Q; Dong, S; Li, J; Li, Y; Yang, X; Zhang, G; Zhang, Y; Zhao, S | 1 |
| Chu, F; Gong, Y; Lei, H; Li, B; Wang, P; Xu, B; Yan, W; Yao, Q; Zhang, C; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Hong, YL; Jiang, WD; Jin, YQ; Lin, MY; Lu, GH; Wei, BP; Yao, YX | 1 |
| Bian, YQ; Guo, HT; He, XJ; Lu, C; Luo, D; Xiao, C; Xu, SH; Zhao, HY | 1 |
| Cai, X; Chen, P; Ge, J; Hu, H; Li, K; Liu, X; Yang, Y; Yu, K; Yu, N; Zhang, J; Zhang, Z; Zhong, Y; Zhuang, J | 1 |
| Chen, L; Chen, Q; Jiang, Y; Jin, H; Lian, N; Lu, C; Lu, Y; Shao, J; Wu, L; Wu, X; Zhang, F; Zheng, S | 1 |
| Chen, C; Hao, Y; Hong, Y; Lei, H; Li, G; Tian, Y; Wang, P; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Sun, S; Tan, X; Wang, K; Wu, Z; Zhang, K; Zhou, F; Zhu, L; Zhu, X | 1 |
| Cai, B; Cai, H; Cao, G; Hu, J; Wu, X | 1 |
| Meng, W; Wang, R; Xiao, D | 2 |
| Chen, J; Chu, F; Lei, H; Li, Q; Liu, W; Wang, P; Wang, X; Xing, Y; Xu, B; Xu, X; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Gong, X; Hei, TK; Ivanov, VN | 1 |
| Li, WL; Mao, CQ; Yan, S; Yang, L; Yue, J; Yue, YZ; Zeng, L | 2 |
| Bai, M; Bian, Y; He, X; Li, S; Lu, A; Lu, C; Tan, Y; Xiao, C; Zhang, B; Zhang, G | 1 |
| Chen, L; Chen, Q; Jin, H; Lu, C; Lu, Y; Shao, J; Wu, L; Xu, W; Zhang, F; Zheng, S | 1 |
| Fan, YX; Feng, GK; Jiang, J; Li, H; Ma, Z; Shi, W; Yang, X; Yin, YL | 1 |
| Cao, CL; Cui, HX; Han, S; Jia, ZQ; Wang, YL; Xu, YN; Yan, YL; Yan, YX; Yao, SJ; Zhao, J; Zhao, JX; Zhou, NJ | 1 |
| Chen, J; Liu, H; Shao, S; Shen, H; Tsao, R; Zhou, T; Zhu, H | 1 |
| Kong, X; Lin, N; Liu, C; Qin, Q; Shang, H; Su, H; Su, X; Wan, H; Wu, J; Zhang, Y; Zhong, M | 1 |
| Chen, F; Li, J; Liu, S; Shao, H; Zeng, S; Zhao, L | 1 |
| Gao, Y; Huang, Y; Liang, X; Lu, L; Xu, Y; Yang, C; Yang, L; Yu, S; Zhou, H | 1 |
| Li, W; Wang, C; Wang, P; Zeng, W | 1 |
| Chen, L; Dai, L; Ding, Y; Gong, Y; Hou, X; Zheng, Y; Zhou, H | 1 |
| Ai, Y; Ding, K; Huang, Z; Kang, F; Lai, Y; Li, J; Peng, S; Ren, C; Tian, J; Zhang, Y; Zhu, B | 1 |
| Jin, H; Lu, Y; Shao, J; Wu, L; Wu, X; Zhang, F; Zheng, S | 1 |
| Hu, DH; Lu, CY; Peng, XM; Xi, L; Zheng, ZX | 1 |
| Guo, CY; Kou, N; Ma, XJ; Mao, HM; Qu, H; Shi, DZ; Wang, MM; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Cao, Y; Hu, J; Li, D; Lu, H; Wu, T | 1 |
| Chen, S; Fu, Y; Jia, Y; Jiao, S; Wang, Z; Zang, A | 1 |
| Guo, L; Liu, H; Liu, J; Ma, S; Nan, C; Song, G; Yan, D; Zhao, Z | 1 |
| Li, D; Li, Z; Song, Y; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Gao, EN; Liu, Z; Yang, H; Zhong, JY | 1 |
| Ba, WQ; Fan, WT; Li, Z; Liao, FY; Liao, WG; Wang, D; Wang, LS; Wu, YA; Yu, JY | 1 |
| Bi, L; Chen, W; Gao, J; Qian, L; Qiu, S; Yan, X | 1 |
| Hu, PY; Liu, D; Wu, B; Yang, M; Yue, PF; Zhang, GS; Zheng, Q | 1 |
| Dong, C; Guo, C; He, X; Li, F; Song, Z; Wang, C; Wang, J; Yuan, C; Zhang, C; Zhang, R; Zhang, W | 1 |
| Han, Y; Hu, S; Hu, Y; Lee, SM; Li, H; Li, Y; Mak, S; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Xu, D; Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Guo, M; Liu, Y; Shi, D | 1 |
| Ding, S; Hu, QF; Liu, SQ; Ni, WG; Xu, K; Zhang, YH | 1 |
| Li, Z; Tong, J; Wang, Y; Zhu, H | 2 |
| Lin, C; Piao, X; Qian, C; Wang, G; Wang, N; Wang, Y; Yang, G | 1 |
| Chen, ML; Cui, YJ; He, GW; Liu, B; Wu, YL; Xu, SH; Yang, D; Yin, MS; Zhou, PP | 1 |
| Ba, W; Fan, W; Guo, Z; Li, Z; Liao, F; Liao, W; Wang, D; Wang, L; Wu, Y; Yu, J | 1 |
| Lei, T; Wang, S; Zhang, M | 1 |
| Cao, M; Cao, Y; Hu, JZ; Huang, JH; Lu, HB; Wang, G; Zeng, L | 1 |
| Dong, J; Du, X; Li, M; Liu, F; Liu, J; Luo, Q; Sun, J; Wei, K; Wei, Y; Xu, F; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Chen, H; Han, Y; Hu, S; Hu, Y; Mak, S; Sun, Y; Tsim, KWK; Wang, Y; Xu, D; Zhang, G; Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Gu, J; Li, C; Sun, Y; Wang, Y; Yu, P; Zhang, F; Zhang, G; Zhang, T; Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Cao, W; Chen, J; Cui, M; Shi, Q; Wang, C; Wang, X; Zhang, B; Zhang, G; Zhao, Y | 1 |
| Liang, Y; Lin, Y; Liu, Y; Yin, W; Zhang, J | 1 |
| Ando, K; Cao, X; Enkhsaikhan, A; Izumi-Nakaseko, H; Kishie, T; Nakamura, Y; Sugiyama, A; Wada, T; Xu, B; Zhu, B | 1 |
| Lu, C; Shao, J; Xu, W; Zhang, F; Zheng, S | 1 |
| Chu, LS; Fang, Y; Li, L; Qu, TB; Ren, CC; Sun, SQ; Wang, J | 1 |
| Abdel-Tawab, AM; Esmat, A; Khalifa, AE; Michel, HE; Tadros, MG | 1 |
| Gong, F; Han, L; Niu, J | 1 |
| Cai, X; Chen, P; Liu, X; Wu, K; Yang, Y; Ye, Y; Yu, M | 1 |
| Cheng, Y; Cheng, Z; Xia, H; Xu, Y | 2 |
| Jia, H; Kong, F; Liu, J; Liu, L; Liu, X; Luan, Y; Sun, C; Wang, J; Xue, X | 1 |
| Bi, S; Han, D; Li, Y; Wang, C; Yang, X; Zhang, D; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Huo, Q; Lin, Q; Qin, Y; Tao, F; Zhao, Z | 1 |
| Bian, M; Chen, A; Chen, X; Hao, M; Jia, Y; Jin, H; Lian, N; Lu, C; Shao, J; Wu, L; Yao, S; Zhang, C; Zhang, F; Zheng, S | 1 |
| Cao, J; Chen, H; Sun, Y; Tan, G; Wang, Y; Yi, P; Yu, P; Zhang, G; Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Gao, Q; Huang, W; Su, M; Yang, Y; Zeng, Z; Zhu, B | 1 |
| Hu, K; Jia, D; Ren, Y; Zhang, B | 1 |
| Huang, JZ; Li, KY; Shi, CX; Tang, KL | 1 |
| Deng, X; Liao, F; Liao, W; Meng, Y; Wang, L; Wu, Y; Yu, J; Zheng, H | 1 |
| Chen, A; Lu, C; Shao, J; Xu, W; Zhang, F; Zheng, S | 1 |
| Bi, S; Chu, F; Guo, W; Lei, H; Li, B; Mao, P; Ren, L; Wang, M; Wang, P; Xu, L; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Gao, B; Han, YH; Hu, YQ; Huang, Q; Jie, Q; Liu, BH; Lu, WG; Luo, ZJ; Shi, J; Wang, L; Yang, L; Zhang, HY; Zhao, ZJ | 1 |
| Bai, Y; Bian, H; Hu, Y; Ma, LT; Ren, QY; Yang, MH; Zhang, Y; Zheng, J; Zhou, YC | 1 |
| Chi, H; Sun, Y; Wei, D; Xiang, F; Yang, K; Yang, Y | 1 |
| Chen, L; Cheng, L; Liu, H; Liu, X; Ren, Z; Wang, S; Wei, X; Wu, Y; Yuan, Z | 1 |
| Gao, X; Ma, W; Wang, Y; Zhang, X; Zhong, M | 1 |
| Lin, Q; Qian, L; Shao, J; Zhang, C; Zhang, F; Zhang, Z; Zhao, S; Zheng, S | 1 |
| Chen, J; Ge, H; Liu, R; Tian, J; Xiao, J | 1 |
| Chen, A; Hao, M; Jin, H; Lian, N; Shao, J; Wu, L; Yao, Z; Zhang, F; Zheng, S | 1 |
| Arfat, Y; Chang, H; Dang, K; Du, B; Gao, YF; Hu, NF; Zhang, QW | 1 |
| Chen, A; Shao, J; Yao, Z; Zhang, F; Zhang, Z; Zhao, S; Zheng, S | 1 |
| Akay, E; Bayram, A; Hıra, İ; Kaya, A; Özcan, İ | 1 |
| Elliott, JAW; Hahn, J; Jomha, NM; Korbutt, GS; Laouar, L | 1 |
| Gao, Y; He, LK; Huang, LP; Liang, SD; Shen, YL; Tan, MX; Xiong, W; Yang, G | 1 |
| Chu, FH; Han, YT; Lei, HM; Wang, PL; Wu, GR; Xu, B; Xu, X; Yan, WQ; Zhang, CZ; Zhao, R | 1 |
| Fei, A; Gao, C; Jing, L; Pan, S; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Cao, Y; Hu, JZ; Li, DZ; Lu, HB; Wang, XK; Wu, TD; Xu, DQ; Zhang, T | 1 |
| Chu, Z; Fan, G; Hang, T; He, G; Huang, J; Jiang, J; Yang, G; Zhao, X | 1 |
| Gu, J; Li, N; Sun, Y; Wang, Y; Wu, L; Yu, P; Zhang, G; Zhang, T; Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Shan, L; Sun, Y; Wang, Y; Xu, C; Yu, P; Zhang, G; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Abdelazeem, AH; Amjad, MW; Bukhari, SNA; Qin, HL; Raja, MAG; Youssif, BGM; Zha, GF | 1 |
| Chen, P; Ge, J; Tang, M; Wu, N; Xu, L; Yang, Y; Yu, K; Yu, N; Yuan, M; Zhang, J; Zhang, Z; Zhuang, J | 1 |
| Chen, L; Liu, J; Liu, T; Wang, Q | 1 |
| Ai, Y; Chen, F; Guo, M; Huang, D; Lan, L; Liu, Y; Lu, B; Niu, L; Suzuki, CK; Xia, L; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Y | 1 |
| Chu, L; Fang, Y; Gu, J; Li, L; Qu, T; Yang, Y; Yin, Y; Zhang, J | 1 |
| Chen, KJ; Cong, WH; Guo, G; Hu, YJ; Lee, SM; Liao, QW; Wang, Y; Xin, QQ; Yang, BR | 1 |
| Huang, J; Wu, C; Zhang, L; Zhou, R | 1 |
| Li, J; Li, ZF; Zhang, J; Zhang, S; Zhou, R | 1 |
| Cheng, L; Fan, Q; Hao, T; Li, D; Lv, H; Ma, H; Peng, J; Shao, M; Zhao, C; Zong, X | 1 |
| Li, W; Li, X; Liang, X; Lu, F; Wei, K; Yao, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, Q | 1 |
| Deng, H; Hu, H; Luo, J; Shan, L; Wang, Y; Yu, P; Zhang, G; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Chou, CT; Fang, YC; Hsu, SS; Jan, CR; Kuo, CC; Liang, WZ; Wang, JL | 1 |
| Ji, Z; Li, H; Xiao, Y; Yan, W; Zhou, Y; Zhou, Z | 1 |
| Gao, Y; Guan, S; He, L; Huang, L; Jin, Y; Li, G; Liang, S; Liu, S; Ou, X; Shen, Y; Tan, M; Xiong, W; Xu, C; Xu, H; Yang, G | 1 |
| Kuang, W; Lan, Z; Zhang, X; Zhu, W | 1 |
| Cheng, HB; Huang, SW; Liang, T; Ruan, M; Shen, XC; Yu, B; Yu, Y | 1 |
| Wang, K; Zhang, K; Zhou, F; Zhu, L; Zhu, X | 1 |
| Duan, J; Li, X; Luo, H; Wang, G; Xiang, D; Ye, Y; Yu, C | 1 |
| Fan, Y; Wu, Y | 1 |
| Jiao, Y; Liu, H; Peng, C; Su, G; Zhang, S; Zhu, Y | 1 |
| Deng, H; Hu, H; Huang, Y; Luo, J; Shan, L; Sun, Y; Wang, Y; Yu, P; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Akerman, S; Goadsby, PJ; Martins-Oliveira, M; Zhao, Y | 1 |
| Han, Y; Hu, L; Jiang, L; Liu, BQ; Liu, L; Liu, WT; Pan, CL; Qu, JW; Wang, CY; Yang, Y | 1 |
| Tian, L; Wang, L; Xiao, Z; Zhao, JY; Zhao, L | 1 |
| Gao, X; Lu, ZQ; Wu, L; Xia, P; Xu, X; Zhu, XP | 1 |
| He, WJ; He, XW; Hong, Q; Liang, J; Zhu, FJ | 1 |
| Heo, S; Her, JY; Jeong, DW; Jeong, K; Lee, B; Lee, H; Lee, JH; Lee, KG | 1 |
| Gao, B; Hu, YQ; Huang, Q; Jie, Q; Li, XJ; Lu, WG; Luo, ZJ; Shi, J; Wang, L; Xu, XL; Yang, L; Zhang, HY | 1 |
| Dou, LL; Duan, L; Guo, L; Li, P; Liu, EH; Liu, LL; Zhang, YD | 1 |
| Chang, H; Gao, Y; Goswami, N; Hinghofer-Szalkay, H; Li, G; Li, Y; Ma, X; Wang, H; Zhang, J | 1 |
| He, GW; Liu, XC; Mak, SK; Sun, WT; Yang, Q; Yu, CM | 1 |
| Deng, H; Luo, J; Shan, L; Wang, Y; Xu, B; Zhang, G; Zhang, X; Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Bian, ZR; Che, XW; Liu, XM; Wang, YB; Wu, Q | 1 |
| Liu, S; Shao, Z; Wang, L; Wang, X | 1 |
| Bi, X; Di, L; Yu, Y; Zhang, R; Zu, Q | 1 |
| Gu, J; Li, C; Li, N; Liu, W; Shan, L; Sun, Y; Tang, Y; Wang, Y; Wu, L; Yang, GY; Yang, X; Yu, P; Zhang, G; Zhang, T; Zhang, Z; Zhao, C | 1 |
| Fu, Y; Liu, X; Sun, H; Zhao, T | 1 |
| Chen, J; Chen, L; Chen, Y; Ge, H; Liang, X; Tian, J | 1 |
| Gong, X; He, X; Sun, M; Sun, Y; Wang, BO; Wang, M; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Wei, X; Yi, F; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Z | 1 |
| Iqbal, MK; Li, J; Li, K; Luo, H; Mehmood, K; Nabi, F; Rehman, MU; Shahzad, M; Wang, L; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Chu, F; Han, Y; Lei, H; Li, G; Liu, W; Wang, P; Xu, B; Yan, W; Zhang, H; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, R | 1 |
| Huang, Z; Ji, Y; Lai, Y; Liu, J; Tian, J; Xu, J; Yan, C; Zhang, Y; Zhao, D; Zou, Y | 1 |
| Gong, ZP; He, X; Li, R; Li, YJ; Liao, SG; Liao, XM; Lu, Y; Wang, YL; Wang, Z; Xu, GB; Zheng, L; Zhou, M | 1 |
| Gao, P; Hao, X; Liu, X; Xu, H; Zhan, P; Zou, J | 1 |
| Guo, S; Li, A; Wang, S | 1 |
| Feng, X; Hong, G; Li, G; Li, X; Liu, T; Mao, L; Xu, Z; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Hu, C; Huang, Z; Li, Y; Li, Z; Liu, C; Zhang, K; Zuo, Z | 1 |
| Liu, K; Liu, W; Shan, L; Tang, J; Zhang, S | 1 |
| Fan, G; Jiang, Y; Li, X; Sun, B; Teng, C; Wang, W; Xiong, K; Xu, Y; Yang, R | 1 |
| Ju, CW; Kim, IM; Liu, YT; Ruan, XF; Shen, Y; Tang, Y; Wang, XL; Weintraub, N; Yu, H | 1 |
| Chen, C; Ju, CW; Kim, IM; Lei, W; Li, Y; Li, YJ; Liu, YT; Ruan, XF; Shen, Y; Tang, Y; Wang, XL; Weintraub, NL; Yu, H | 1 |
| Deng, KW; He, FY; Liao, Q; Liu, WL; Tang, Y; Xiao, MF; Yang, YT; Zhang, YT; Zhou, YQ | 1 |
| Chen, M; Fang, K; Lei, H; Li, G; Ma, T; Wang, H; Wang, P; Wu, G; Xue, N; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhao, R | 1 |
| Chen, SL; Guo, CY; Liu, X; Miao, Y; Sun, MY; Wang, JS; Yin, HJ; Zhang, M; Zhang, SP | 1 |
| He, H; He, M; Huang, B; Liu, D; Qiao, Y; Wu, Z; Yin, D; You, J | 1 |
| Huang, HH; Liu, FB; Ruan, Z; Su, YJ; Wang, J; Zheng, J | 1 |
| Gao, F; Li, P; Luo, L; Shen, M; Teng, F; Tu, J; Yeh, CK; Zhang, C; Zhang, D | 1 |
| Chen, P; Ge, J; Qiu, J; Tang, M; Wang, Q; Wu, Y; Xu, Z; Yang, Y; Yu, J; Yu, K; Zhuang, J | 1 |
| Jin, H; Qu, J; Wang, Y; Yu, T | 1 |
| Chen, K; Liu, TT; Wang, Q | 1 |
| Huang, WJ; Li, JM; Liu, HC; Xie, D; Zhang, YC; Zuo, J | 1 |
| Chen, Q; Chen, XJ; Feng, S; Shang, FH; Xu, XY; Zhang, JF | 1 |
| Guo, R; Li, H; Wang, B; Yuan, G | 1 |
| Amjad, MW; Bukhari, SNA; Hussain, MA; Leng, J; Qin, HL; Raja, MAG; Wang, M | 1 |
| Chen, L; Dai, X; Guo, S; Ma, L; Qiao, Y; Shi, X; Wang, R; Wu, Z; Yang, C | 1 |
| Chen, D; Chen, SJ; Han, S; Li, W; Liu, J; Shi, YF | 1 |
| Huang, LJ; Miu, CL; Wang, WT; Wu, CY; Zhang, CC; Zhao, MP; Zheng, MX | 1 |
| Cui, YL; Feng, T; Liu, T; Sun, H; Wang, HP; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Bratchikov, M; Kalinienė, L; Kutanovas, S; Meškys, R; Stanislauskienė, R | 1 |
| Jin, M; Liu, S; Ma, X; Shao, Z; Shi, H; Wang, X; Wu, P | 1 |
| Ge, Q; Jiang, S; Li, X; Liu, Y | 1 |
| Danduga, RCSR; Dondapati, SR; Grace, L; Kanakaraju, VK; Kola, PK; Tadigiri, RVB | 1 |
| Bai, XY; Cao, Z; Du, PC; Hou, Y; Wang, XF; Zhang, LS | 1 |
| Gao, M; Huo, Y; Mao, S; Mei, D | 1 |
| Du, S; He, G; Sun, Z; Wu, Y; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y; Zhou, L; Zhou, P; Zhuo, LH | 1 |
| Chen, M; Cheng, Y; Cui, H; Fang, K; Guo, W; Lei, H; Ma, T; Wang, H; Wang, P; Wu, G; Xue, N; Zhang, W; Zhang, X; Zhou, F | 1 |
| Gao, Q; Hao, WQ; Lin, Y; Yuan, X | 1 |
| Chi, G; Li, D; Xu, D; Zhao, C | 1 |
| Hu, XB; Hu, YY; Li, YJ; Liu, XY; Tang, TT; Wang, JM; Wu, JY; Xiang, DX; Yang, L | 1 |
| Guo, CY; Sun, MY; Wang, JS; Xu, FQ; Yin, HJ; Zhang, M | 1 |
| Chen, H; Chen, K; Chen, Y; Chu, J; Li, L; Li, Q; Liu, L; Peng, J; Shen, A | 1 |
| Iqbal, M; Iqbal, MK; Jiang, X; Li, J; Mehmood, K; Qamar, H; Rehman, MU; Tong, X; Waqas, M; Yao, W; Zhang, H; Zhang, J | 1 |
| He, GW; Novakovic, A; Sun, WT; Wang, J; Wang, XC; Yang, Q | 1 |
| Li, Y; Zhang, T; Zhou, Y; Zhu, Z | 1 |
| Liu, HK; Wang, YL; Xu, F; Yang, M; Yin, DD; Zhou, M | 1 |
| Ge, J; Lai, Z; Qiu, J; Tang, M; Wu, C; Wu, Y; Xu, Z; Yang, M; Yang, Y; Yu, K; Zhuang, J | 1 |
| Grant, SJ; Li, G; Wan, X; Zhang, H; Zhang, HW | 1 |
| Wang, H; Wei, S | 1 |
| Bi, C; Fan, Q; Jiang, B; Liu, Y; Ma, X; Nie, H; Sun, H; Wang, Q; Wang, Z; Yu, L; Yu, Y | 1 |
| Yan, S; Yue, YZ; Zeng, L; Zong, Y | 1 |
| Jiang, JH; Ren, Q; Yang, QZ; Zhang, YJ | 1 |
| Chen, B; Hu, G; Lin, Y; Ma, Y; Wei, J; Xue, X | 1 |
| Hao, L; Huang, YQ; Liu, MW; Su, MX; Tang, DY; Xun, XH | 1 |
| Cheng, Y; Cheng, Z; Jin, H; Xia, H; Xu, Y | 1 |
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| Du, M; Song, L; Wu, J; Xu, X; Zhao, H | 1 |
| Dang, H; Fu, S; Hao, C; Jiang, S; Wang, J | 1 |
| Chen, B; Huang, DD; Huang, HH; Li, DG; Yang, Q; Yuan, CL; Zhang, LM | 1 |
| Lei, SY; Liu, Y; Ma, LQ; Mao, T; Qiao, Y; Sun, XL; Zhang, JC; Zheng, QX | 1 |
| Lin, L; Liu, N; Wang, JP; Wang, JQ; Zhang, FK | 1 |
| Gu, S; Hua, X; Mou, Z; Ni, J; Shen, H; Zheng, T; Zhou, Y | 1 |
| Gao, T; Jiang, JD; Li, T; Shi, T; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z; Xu, XJ | 1 |
| Fu, X; Hao, B; Lei, B; Lin, R; Liu, J; Qiu, Y; Yang, L; Yu, P | 1 |
| Chen, Q; Gao, L; Gong, P; Han, S; Li, M; Liao, J; Tian, Q; Xu, Z; Zhang, Z; Zou, Y | 1 |
| Chen, L; Chen, Y; Jianli, Z; Yun, H | 1 |
| Chen, J; Chen, Y; Fan, Y; Gao, C; Li, W; Liu, D; Pan, S; Wang, H | 1 |
| Chu, L; Li, L; Li, T; Ren, C; Sun, S; Wang, J; Yin, Y | 1 |
| Menze, ET; Michel, HE | 1 |
| Dai, J; Hao, W; Li, H; Li, Y; Song, X; Su, L; Wei, H; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Cheng, H; Li, X; Ren, Y; Wang, B; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Yang, H | 1 |
| Lv, X; Su, Q; Ye, Z | 1 |
| Cao, D; Chen, D; Sui, P | 1 |
| Duan, Y; Gong, X; Hei, TK; Ye, Z; Zheng, J | 1 |
| Guo, B; Lee, SM; Li, C; Li, H; Lu, J; Lu, Y; Shao, M; Wang, Y; Yang, X; Zhang, Z; Zhong, H; Zhou, H; Zhu, Q | 1 |
| Chen, S; Chen, X; Ge, J; Han, X; Qiu, J; Wu, C; Wu, N; Wu, Y; Yang, M; Yang, Y; Yu, K; Yu, N; Zhang, J; Zhuang, J | 1 |
| Wang, GK; Wang, YL; Xu, F; Yang, M; Yin, DD; Yin, DK | 1 |
| Fan, X; Gui, Y; He, J; Song, Y; Sun, Q; Wang, E; Yuan, H; Zeng, X; Zhang, L | 1 |
| Bai, L; Dai, M; He, N; Li, F; Ma, Q; Mao, D; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Chu, F; Cui, H; Feng, W; Guo, W; Lei, H; Li, G; Li, T; Wang, P; Wang, S; Xu, B; Yang, Y; Yuan, Y; Zhang, B; Zhang, N | 1 |
| Huang, W; Li, D; Qiu, S; Wang, C | 1 |
| Birla, H; Kosuru, R; Prakash, S; Rai, U; Singh, S; Singh, SP; Tiwari, V | 1 |
| Chen, S; Gao, L; Hu, X; Nie, L; Zhang, X; Zhu, L | 1 |
| Cai, DS; Chen, HS; Cui, HR; Guo, WB; Huang, XM; Jia, XH; Lei, HM; Qi, JC; Wang, H; Wang, PL; Xu, B; Yang, YQ; Zhang, WX; Zhou, F | 1 |
| Cheng, H; Guo, S; Ke, G; Liu, M; Mao, Y; Mi, Y; Wang, M; Wei, P | 1 |
| Cao, Y; Tong, J; Xu, Y; Zhang, L | 1 |
| Gao, G; Sun, C; Sun, Z; Xu, Q; Zhao, M | 1 |
| He, Y; Li, Q; Sun, H; Wang, S; Wang, Y; Xing, W; Xu, X | 1 |
| Ding, JD; Ma, GS; Sheng, ZL; Wang, X; Zuo, PF; Zuo, Z | 1 |
| Kosuru, R; Prakash, S; Rai, U; Singh, S; Tiwari, V | 1 |
| Deng, F; Fang, S; Zhang, B; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Cai, DS; Chen, HS; Guo, WB; Huang, XM; Jia, XH; Lei, HM; Liu, YM; Qi, JC; Wang, PL; Xu, B; Yan, WQ; Zhang, H; Zhang, WX; Zhou, F | 1 |
| Fan, X; Tang, W; Wang, S; Zhang, H; Zhang, J | 1 |
| Chen, Y; Han, Y; Qian, X; Wu, J; Yang, Q; Ying, J; Zhang, Y; Zhu, H | 1 |
| Cai, S; Chew, LA; Jiang, Y; Jin, Y; Khanna, R; Ruan, Y; Wen, C; Xu, Z; Yu, J; Zhong, K | 1 |
| Du, J; Jiao, Y; Zhang, J; Zhang, S | 1 |
| Hong, G; Li, G; Liu, T; Wang, J; Wang, W | 1 |
| Chen, Y; He, W; Hong, C; Liu, C; Lu, W; Ouyang, H; Wang, J; Wang, T; Yang, K | 1 |
| Wu, L; Xu, H; Zhang, J; Zhou, J; Zhu, F | 1 |
| Black, SM; Chen, J; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Desai, AA; Duan, X; Garcia, JGN; He, W; Hong, C; Hou, C; Kuang, M; Li, M; Liao, J; Liu, C; Liu, S; Lu, W; Makino, A; Rischard, F; Tang, H; Vanderpool, RR; Wang, J; Wu, X; Yang, K; Yuan, JX; Zhang, J; Zhang, N; Zhang, Z; Zheng, Q; Zhong, N; Zou, G | 1 |
| Huang, YY; Pan, XD; Wang, ZH; Zheng, Q; Zhuang, Z | 1 |
| Du, P; Han, H; Hou, Y; Jiang, G; Meng, X; Sun, W; Wang, L; Xin, R; Yuan, W; Zhang, L | 1 |
| He, X; Hu, S; Li, Q; Sun, CC; Wang, C; Zhao, X | 1 |
| Cao, H; Ge, L; Xu, M; Zhang, C; Zhang, J; Zhu, X | 1 |
| Ding, F; Meng, W; Wang, RM; Wang, TF | 1 |
| Abdelgawad, MA; Al-Sanea, MM; Alharbi, KS; Eldehna, WM; Elsayed, ZM; Gomaa, HAM; Gotina, L; Grace Thomas Parambi, D; Mathew, B; Mohamed, MF; Youssif, BGM | 1 |
| Chen, J; Ge, H; Lin, P; Luo, T; Miao, S; Xiao, J; Yan, Z | 1 |
| Jin, W; Li, X; Yu, L; Zhang, Y; Zhou, J | 1 |
| Chen, S; Chen, T; He, H; He, M; Hu, T; Li, H; Yang, B; Yin, D; Zhou, Q | 1 |
| Alharbi, KS; Alotaibi, BS; Alotaibi, MR; Alotaibi, NH; Alotaibi, NM; Alruwaili, NK; Alzarea, AI; Bukhari, SNA | 1 |
| Dong, J; Fu, Y; Jing, F; Li, G; Liu, S; Pan, R; Tang, H; Wang, H; Wang, Y; Yan, X | 1 |
| An, W; Duan, Y; Wang, J; Wu, Y | 1 |
| Liu, JX; Ren, JG; Wang, M; Yao, MJ | 1 |
| Chen, F; Jin, S; Lei, X; Li, G; Li, S; Song, N; Wang, P; Wang, X | 1 |
| Chen, S; Ding, S; Xie, J | 1 |
| Ji, Z; Li, H; Yan, W; Yu, X; Zhou, Y; Zhou, Z | 1 |
| Chen, M; Du, L; Han, J; Hou, R; Jiao, W; Lei, Z; Ma, A; Wang, K; Zhao, X | 1 |
| Guo, Z; He, S; Hu, Z; Jiang, K; Lin, C; Su, H; Yuan, G; Zeng, Y; Zhong, F | 1 |
| Cui, L; Gong, L; Hou, G; Hou, Y; Jiang, P; Lu, X; Zhang, H; Zhang, L; Zhao, W | 1 |
| Hou, Y; Lu, X; Ma, Y; Wang, S; Wang, X; Xin, X; Xu, X; Zhang, L | 1 |
| Chen, P; Chen, S; Chen, X; Ge, J; Han, X; He, A; He, S; Liu, X; Luo, Q; Qiu, J; Wu, C; Wu, N; Wu, Y; Yang, M; Yang, Y; Yu, K; Zhuang, J | 1 |
| Chen, X; Dai, S; Shen, J; Sun, L; Xu, L | 1 |
| Huang, ZJ; Wu, JB; Yin, W; Zhang, YH; Zhang, YQ | 1 |
| Chen, L; Chen, Y; Guo, Y; Jiang, X; Li, K; Li, Y; Liu, H; Qu, S; Weng, X; Yang, T; Zheng, Z; Zhu, X | 1 |
| Chen, H; Pan, R; Sun, S; Tang, X; Wang, H | 1 |
| Li, B; Pan, J; Qu, H; Xiong, D; Zhang, L | 1 |
| Abdelgawad, MA; Ahmad, MM; Ahmad, W; Al-Sanea, MM; Alharbi, KS; Alotaibi, NH; Amjad, MW; Bukhari, SNA; Hussain, MA; Raja, MAG | 1 |
| Liu, Y; Sun, X; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Xiang, Y; Xiao, F | 1 |
| Dong, M; Du, P; Li, A; Qi, F; Sun, W; Sun, X; Wang, L; Wang, Z; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Cao, H; Cheng, Y; Ge, L; Xu, M; Zhang, J | 1 |
| Cheng, H; Li, S; Liu, M; Mi, Y; Wang, M | 1 |
| Gong, S; Li, B; Li, Y; Pan, J; Qian, J; Qu, H; Wang, Y; Xiong, D; Ye, T; Zhang, L | 1 |
| Cai, Y; Lian, F; Wang, X; Yuan, Y; Zhao, L | 1 |
| Cai, T; Cheng, J; Guo, D; Jiang, H; Liu, Y; Lou, Q; Lu, L; Lu, X; Peng, K; Qiao, J | 1 |
| Bin, L; Chen, J; Guan, G; He, X; Tang, X | 1 |
| Feng, S; Ji, L; Li, W; Qian, W; Shi, H; Wang, Y | 1 |
| Ding, S; Xia, L; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Bian, Y; Li, W; Li, Z; Sheng, W; Xu, Y; Yang, L; Zeng, L | 1 |
| Chen-Yang, Z; Hui, MA; Li-Chun, C; Ming-Kun, S; Qing, F; Ren Bao Li Gao, A; Xiang-Yang, L; Zhen-Long, YU | 1 |
| Cheng, H; Deng, X; Du, H; Huang, H; Kuang, X; Ling, X; Long, C; Shen, H; Shi, K; Tang, H; Wang, L; Wang, R; Xing, Y; Yan, J; Zhang, H; Zhu, X; Zou, Y | 1 |
| Du, X; Li, C; Li, J; Li, T; Lin, Y; Liu, Z; Wan, Y; Wei, J; Zhong, Z; Zhou, M | 1 |
| Cai, JY; Du, HY; Jian, YL; Li, JL; Luo, H; Wang, R; Xie, XY; Yan, R | 2 |
| Deng, Z; Fan, Y; Liu, M; Wang, M | 1 |
| Dong, J; Guan, X; Li, G; Liang, M; Liu, S; Zhou, Q | 1 |
| Huang, H; Kong, L; Luan, S; Qi, C; Wu, F | 1 |
| Chang, Y; Chen, Y; Li, J; Li, L; Li, Y; Wang, H; Wang, Q; Yang, D; Yu, B; Zhai, J; Zhang, H; Zhang, P; Zhao, X | 1 |
| Ji, X; Ma, X; Peng, H; Ruan, Q; Yang, J | 1 |
| Dai, X; Liao, Y; Sheng, M; Shi, X; Wu, X | 1 |
| Cui, F; Hu, M; Huang, L; Zhao, Y | 1 |
| Bian, Y; Li, W; Li, Z; Lian, Z; Yang, L; Zeng, L; Zhang, B | 1 |
| Li, Y; Liu, N; Luo, Y; Shi, H; Zhang, F | 1 |
| He, H; He, M; Qiao, Y; Wang, L; Yang, B; Yin, D; Yin, L; Zhou, Q | 1 |
| Bai, X; Du, X; Li, C; Li, J; Lin, Y; Liu, Z; Wan, Y; Wei, J; Zhong, Z; Zhou, M | 1 |
| Huang, S; Huang, Z; Liu, T; Weng, G; Zhou, B | 1 |
| Dai, S; Dong, F; Jin, B; Xie, F; Zhang, B; Zhang, T | 1 |
| Li, H; Li, P; Li, W; Yin, D; Zhang, Y; Zhuo, H; Zou, L | 1 |
| Jiang, SJ; Liu, J; Qin, XH; Wang, J; Wang, LX; Zhang, Q; Zhu, L | 1 |
| Chen, S; Huang, J; Huang, Q; Li, Y; Luo, Y; Wang, C; Wu, W; Yu, L; Zha, D; Zhang, C; Zhang, J; Zhou, W | 1 |
| Hou, Y; Jin, Y; Li, M; Liang, S; Wang, K; Xu, F; Xue, C; Zhao, W | 1 |
| Hu, S; Li, Q; Pan, F; Song, X; Sun, B; Sun, J; Tuersuntuoheti, T; Zhao, F; Zheng, F; Zhu, L | 1 |
| Chen, L; Deng, S; Li, Y; Liu, H; Qu, S; Wang, X; Yang, Y; Zhang, Y; Zheng, Z; Zhu, X | 1 |
| Chai, H; Huang, Z; Lei, Z; Liu, Y; Qin, X; Wu, Z | 1 |
| Chen, H; Meng, S; Meng, Z | 1 |
| An, J; Chen, B; Guo, YS; Tang, J; Yang, H; Zhang, R; Zhao, JJ | 1 |
| Le, G; Lin, X; Zhu, Y | 1 |
| Bao, X; Ge, T; Jiang, Y; Jin, H; Lu, C; Shao, Y; Shi, W; Wang, X; Wu, R; Xu, W; Yue, C; Zhou, Y | 1 |
| Bian, Y; He, J; Hu, S; Wang, S | 1 |
| Chen, H; Chen, X; Fan, M; Sun, T; Sun, W; Tong, H; Wu, X; Yin, Z; Zhang, C; Zhang, H; Zheng, X; Zhu, Y | 1 |
| Al-Rashood, ST; Allam, HA; Bonardi, A; Elaasser, MM; Eldehna, WM; Elimam, DM; Gratteri, P; Nocentini, A; Salem, R; Supuran, CT | 1 |
| Fang, BY; Gao, G; Hu, J; Liu, F; Meng, XB; Sun, GB; Sun, XB; Wang, H; Wu, Y; Zhang, SX; Zhu, T | 1 |
| Lu, T; Tong, H; Wang, K; Wang, X | 1 |
| Guo, SW; Huang, S; Xiao, F; Zhang, T | 1 |
| Hao, Y; He, X; Sun, CC; Wang, C; Wang, K; Zhao, X | 1 |
| Bai, YZ; Cao, YQ; Dong, WP; Dong, Z; Liu, Y; Ma, XM; Wang, XW; Yang, B; Yang, DP; Yang, YC; Zeng, YY | 1 |
| Gong, L; Guo, C; He, L; Li, Y; Ma, C; Peng, C; Wan, Y; Wang, C; Zhang, Y; Zhou, H | 1 |
| Chen, M; Chen, X; Jiang, R; Liu, J; Wang, Y; Xu, J; Yin, M; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Lin, J; Wang, Q; Xu, S; Yao, K; Zhou, S | 1 |
| Du, M; Feng, X; Li, S; Liu, P; Wang, J; Wang, Y | 1 |
| Akhtar, A; Chopra, K; Dhaliwal, J; Dhaliwal, N; Kuhad, A | 1 |
| Li, Z; Shan, L; Yu, P | 1 |
| Gong, X; Jin, J; Liu, Z; Tong, S; Wu, Y; Zhang, L; Zhong, J | 1 |
| Fu, B; Gao, G; Meng, S | 1 |
| Gao, J; Liu, J; Ma, X; Ren, J; Shi, D; Song, L; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Ahn, KS; Blough, BE; Eng, H; Jung, YY; Kumar, AP; Mohan, CD; Namjoshi, OA; Narula, AS; Rangappa, KS; Sethi, G | 1 |
| Fu, K; Gong, L; Guo, C; He, L; Li, Y; Liao, L; Ma, C; Peng, C; Wang, C; Zhang, Y; Zhou, H | 1 |
| Cai, Q; Huang, G; Li, W; Li, Z; Liu, W; Ma, G; Meng, X; Wang, S; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Cui, XJ; Li, G; Shu, B; Sng, KS; Wang, YJ; Yao, M | 1 |
| Li, HX; Li, HY; Tian, JH; Wan, X; Zou, Y | 1 |
| Han, S; Hong, X; Hou, J; Huang, R; Li, H; Li, M; Liu, Y; Pan, C | 1 |
35 review(s) available for tetramethylpyrazine and pyrazines
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Ischemic stroke treated with Ligusticum chuanxiong.
Topics: Animals; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines | 1992 |
[Mechanism on modulating platelet function of activating blood circulation and removing stasis herbs].
Topics: Blood Platelets; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Calmodulin; Coumaric Acids; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Phenanthrolines; Plant Extracts; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1992 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the cardiovascular system].
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Cardiovascular System; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 1992 |
[Progress in pharmacology and clinical application of Ligusticum wallichii].
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines | 1994 |
[Protection of Chinese medicinal herb extracts against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury].
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Calcium Channel Blockers; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ginsenosides; Pyrazines; Reperfusion Injury; Saponins | 1993 |
[Recent advances in experimental and clinical study on ligustrazine in treating respiratory disease].
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Asthma; Humans; Lung Diseases; Pyrazines | 1995 |
[Physiological and pharmacological activities of simple alkyl- and arylpyrazines].
Topics: Animals; Female; Fructose; Gonads; Humans; Male; Platelet Aggregation; Polyamines; Pyrazines; Rats; Reproduction; Vasoconstriction | 1997 |
[Status quo of experimental and clinical studies in retarding kidney damage of chronic nephropathy by ligustrazine].
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Free Radical Scavengers; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines | 1997 |
[Progress in the study of emergencies in China].
Topics: Humans; Pyrazines; Resuscitation; Vasodilator Agents; Wounds and Injuries | 1998 |
Herbs of activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Anticoagulants; Blood Viscosity; Cardiovascular Agents; Coronary Disease; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fibrinolytic Agents; Hemodynamics; Hemorheology; Humans; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stroke; Thrombosis | 2000 |
Current studies on anti-endotoxic chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine in China.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Antitoxins; Benzylisoquinolines; Colchicine; Diterpenes; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endotoxins; Ginkgolides; Ginsenosides; Humans; Lactones; Matrines; Pyrazines; Quinolizines; Saponins; Solanaceous Alkaloids; Taurine; Triterpenes | 2001 |
[Progress on TCM drug-therapy of antagonizing arteriosclerosis].
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Humans; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Polymers; Polyphenols; Pyrazines | 2003 |
[Advances in the study on transdermal permeation of active elements of natural drugs in vitro].
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Lactates; Morphinans; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Skin Absorption | 2002 |
[Effects of ligustrazine on blood vessels and blood components].
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cell Division; Cyclic GMP; Endothelins; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Microcirculation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilator Agents | 2002 |
[Progress of the study on effective integredients from Chinese herbal medicine in anti-tumor metastasis].
Topics: Alkaloids; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ginsenosides; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Matrines; Pyrazines; Quinolizines | 2004 |
[Study on the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on tumor cells: survey and prospects].
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Radiation-Protective Agents; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2003 |
Pharmacological activity of cardiovascular agents from herbal medicine.
Topics: Alkaloids; Astragalus propinquus; Biphenyl Compounds; Cardiovascular Agents; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Herbal Medicine; Humans; Lignans; Phenanthrenes; Pyrazines | 2007 |
[Progress of studies on effects of ligustrazine on blood vessel endothelium protection].
Topics: Animals; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Pyrazines | 2011 |
Meta-analysis of the clinical effect of ligustrazine on diabetic nephropathy.
Topics: Blood Urea Nitrogen; Creatinine; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Kidney; Ligusticum; Phytotherapy; Proteinuria; Pyrazines | 2012 |
[Pharmacological roles of ligustrazine in cardio-/cerebrovascular systems and its progress in researches of clinical application].
Topics: Animals; Humans; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 2013 |
Efficacy of some non-conventional herbal medications (sulforaphane, tanshinone IIA, and tetramethylpyrazine) in inducing neuroprotection in comparison with interleukin-10 after spinal cord injury: A meta-analysis.
Topics: Abietanes; Herbal Medicine; Humans; Interleukin-10; Isothiocyanates; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Spinal Cord Injuries; Sulfoxides | 2015 |
Efficacy of Ligustrazine Injection as Adjunctive Therapy for Angina Pectoris: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Angina Pectoris; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | 2015 |
Cardiovascular Actions and Therapeutic Potential of Tetramethylpyrazine (Active Component Isolated from Rhizoma Chuanxiong): Roles and Mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Atherosclerosis; Calcium; China; Humans; Pinellia; Pyrazines; Reperfusion Injury; Rhizome | 2016 |
Perspectives of traditional Chinese medicine in pancreas protection for acute pancreatitis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Apigenin; Artemisinins; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Emodin; Flavanones; Glucuronates; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Patient Safety; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Resveratrol; Rheum; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Stilbenes; Sulfates | 2017 |
Recent progress in the structural modification and pharmacological activities of ligustrazine derivatives.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacteria; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Inflammation; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines | 2018 |
Single herbal medicine for diabetic retinopathy.
Topics: China; Diabetic Retinopathy; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ginsenosides; Humans; Isoflavones; Microaneurysm; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Retinal Hemorrhage; Ruscus; Saponins; Vasodilator Agents; Visual Acuity | 2018 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Improves Postoperative Tissue Adhesion: A Drug Repurposing.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Repositioning; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Pyrazines; Tissue Adhesions | 2019 |
Protective effect and possible mechanisms of ligustrazine isolated from Ligusticum wallichii on nephropathy in rats with diabetes: A preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Nephropathies; Ligusticum; Protective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats | 2020 |
[Advances in research on pharmacological and neuroprotective effects of traditional Chinese medicine after cerebral ischemia].
Topics: Benzofurans; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Infarction; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Neuroprotective Agents; Panax notoginseng; Pyrazines; Saponins | 2020 |
Efficacy and safety of the injection of the traditional Chinese medicine salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride for the treatment of perioperative period of fracture: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Perioperative Period; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Saliva; Treatment Outcome; Vasodilator Agents; Venous Thrombosis | 2020 |
Efficacy and safety of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) and ligustrazine injection in the adjuvant treatment of early-stage diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 2021 |
The Roles of Tetramethylpyrazine During Neurodegenerative Disease.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 2021 |
Tetramethylpyrazine: A review on its mechanisms and functions.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Autophagy; Ligusticum; Pyrazines | 2022 |
The role and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine for atherosclerosis in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Animals; Aortic Diseases; Atherosclerosis; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Pyrazines | 2022 |
Effects of tetramethylpyrazine treatment in a rat model of spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Animals; Pyrazines; Quality of Life; Rats; Recovery of Function; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2023 |
41 trial(s) available for tetramethylpyrazine and pyrazines
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Treatment of hypertension syndrome of pregnancy with ligustrazine].
Topics: Adult; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Magnesium Sulfate; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 1991 |
[Clinical and experimental studies of feiyaning in treating pulmonary arterial hypertension in cor pulmonale].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Cardiac Output; Cross-Over Studies; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vascular Resistance | 1994 |
[Clinical study of naoxin sutong in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction].
Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Cerebral Infarction; Disulfides; Female; Humans; Hypolipidemic Agents; Male; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Pyrazines; Sulfinic Acids | 1994 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on plasma lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase of the coronary heart disease].
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Superoxide Dismutase | 1994 |
[Clinical study on ligustrazine in treating myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Free Radical Scavengers; Glutathione Peroxidase; Heart Septal Defects; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Male; Malondialdehyde; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Pyrazines; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Superoxide Dismutase | 1997 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on platelet functions of advanced cases of lung carcinoma].
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Thromboxane B2 | 1997 |
[A randomized controlled study of ligustrazine in combination with propranolol for prevention of recurrent esophageal varices bleeding].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Drug Therapy, Combination; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Propranolol; Prospective Studies; Pyrazines; Recurrence | 2000 |
[Influence of ligustrazine-contained peritoneal dialysate on efficiency of dialysis].
Topics: Adult; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Prospective Studies; Pyrazines; Ultrafiltration | 1998 |
[Effects in tetramethylpyrazine on TXA2 and PGI2 by cardio-pulmonary bypass in congenital heart diseases with pulmonary hypertension patients].
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adolescent; Adult; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Male; Pyrazines; Thromboxane B2; Vasodilator Agents | 1998 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on nitric oxide contents in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with cerebral infarction].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cerebral Infarction; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nitric Oxide; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 1998 |
[Cardiac protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine in patients performed open-heart operation with cardiopulmonary bypass].
Topics: Adult; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Catheterization; Creatine Kinase; Creatine Kinase, MB Form; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve; Postoperative Period; Pyrazines; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Vasodilator Agents | 2000 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on platelet agglutination of patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement operation].
Topics: Adult; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Female; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rheumatic Heart Disease | 2000 |
[Clinical study of Astragalus injection plus ligustrazine in protecting myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Astragalus Plant; Astragalus propinquus; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Pyrazines; Rheumatic Heart Disease | 2000 |
[Observation on curative effect of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease treated with different dosage of ligustrazine].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cerebral Infarction; Hemorheology; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 2000 |
[Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on red blood cells during autotransfusion].
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blood Transfusion, Autologous; Calcium; Erythrocytes; Humans; Protective Agents; Pyrazines | 2002 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on endothelin, von Willebrand factor and thromboxane A2 during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients of congenital heart disease with pulmonary hypertension].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Child; Child, Preschool; Endothelins; Female; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Male; Pyrazines; Thromboxane B2; von Willebrand Factor | 2003 |
[Comparing effect in the management of erectile dysfunction by using 2 sets of drugs of intracavernosal injection].
Topics: Adult; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Injections; Male; Middle Aged; Papaverine; Phentolamine; Pyrazines | 2003 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on proliferative glomerulonephritis].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Creatinine; Cyclophosphamide; Dipyridamole; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative; Humans; Losartan; Male; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Pyrazines; Serum Albumin | 2003 |
[The effect of ligustrazine on the expression of CD44 in bone marrow of bone marrow transplantation mice].
Topics: Animals; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Female; Hematopoiesis; Hyaluronan Receptors; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pyrazines | 2004 |
[Protective effect of ligustrazine and propofol on peri-operational liver ischemia-reperfusion injury].
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adult; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Lipid Peroxides; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Propofol; Pyrazines; Reperfusion Injury; Superoxide Dismutase | 2006 |
[Therapeutic effects of intraarticular injection of ligustrazine on knee osteoarthritis].
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Injections, Intra-Articular; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Pyrazines | 2006 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on platelet activation and vascular endothelial function in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention].
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Angina, Unstable; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Platelet Activation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines | 2007 |
Effect of ligustrazine injection on levels of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma in patients with bronchial asthma.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asthma; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Injections; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-4; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrazines; Respiratory Function Tests; Terbutaline | 2008 |
Forty-six cases of vertebrobasilar insufficiency treated by acupuncture plus intravenous infusion of ligustrazine.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Adult; Aged; Basilar Artery; Blood Flow Velocity; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrazines; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; Vasodilator Agents; Vertebral Artery; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency | 2008 |
[Study on treatment of early onset of severe pre-eclampsia by salviae injection and ligustrazine injection in combining with Western medicine].
Topics: Adult; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Integrative Medicine; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Prospective Studies; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Young Adult | 2010 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on fractalkine and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease].
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chemokine CX3CL1; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Pyrazines; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2010 |
[Perioperative intervention of tetramethylpyrazine on free skin flap transplantation].
Topics: Adult; Female; Hand Injuries; Hemorheology; Humans; Male; Microsurgery; Middle Aged; Perioperative Period; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines; Surgical Flaps; Young Adult | 2010 |
Ligustrazine as a salvage agent for patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Topics: Adult; Aged; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; Calcium Channel Blockers; Female; Humans; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrazines; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2010 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on T-lymphocyte immunity in patients undergoing autologous blood transfusion].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Transfusion, Autologous; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrazines; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Young Adult | 2011 |
[Effects of ligustrazine injection on IL-2, IL-10, and IFN-gamma in patients undergoing spinal operation after autologous blood transfusion].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Transfusion, Autologous; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-2; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Period; Pyrazines; Spine; Young Adult | 2012 |
[Effect of salvia miltiorrhiza and Ligustrazine injection on the early myocardial damage of patients with severe burn].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Burns; Creatine Kinase, MB Form; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardium; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Troponin I; Young Adult | 2012 |
Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of a novel tetramethylpyrazine reservoir-type transdermal patch versus tetramethylpyrazine phosphate oral tablets in healthy normal volunteers, and in vitro/in vivo correlation.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Phosphates; Pyrazines; Skin; Skin Absorption; Tablets; Transdermal Patch; Young Adult | 2013 |
[Danhong injection, ligustrazine injection, combined adsorbable biomembranes prevented adhesion of tendons after the repair operation: a clinical research].
Topics: Absorbable Implants; Adult; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Male; Membranes, Artificial; Middle Aged; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Pyrazines; Tendon Injuries; Tissue Adhesions; Wound Healing | 2013 |
[Effect of ligustrazine hydrochloride on coagulation reaction and inflammation reaction in single valve replacement patients with rheumatic heart disease undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass].
Topics: Blood Coagulation; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-6; Pyrazines; Rheumatic Heart Disease | 2014 |
Plasma endothelin-1 and nitric oxide correlate with ligustrazine alleviation of pulmonary artery hypertension in patients of chronic cor pulmonale from high altitude plateau during acute exacerbation.
Topics: Altitude; Blood Gas Analysis; Chronic Disease; Endothelin-1; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Nitric Oxide; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pyrazines; Respiration | 2014 |
[Effects of Ligustrazine on Serum S100β Protein and Neuron-Specific Enolase in Elderly Patients Undergoing Orthopedics Operations].
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Humans; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase; Pyrazines; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit | 2016 |
Therapeutic Effect of External Application of Ligustrazine Combined with Holistic Nursing on Pressure Sores.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Apoptosis; Case-Control Studies; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Clotrimazole; Female; Holistic Nursing; Humans; Male; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Pressure Ulcer; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases | 2016 |
[The effects and mechanisms of ligustrazine injection on pulmonary arterial hypertension in COPD patients].
Topics: Humans; Hypercapnia; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pyrazines | 2016 |
Clinical observation in edaravone treatment for acute cerebral infarction.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Cerebral Infarction; Edaravone; Female; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Treatment Outcome; Vasodilator Agents | 2019 |
Efficacy and safety of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate on pulmonary hypertension: study protocol for a randomized controlled study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Arterial Pressure; China; Exercise Tolerance; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrazines; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recovery of Function; Single-Blind Method; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vasodilator Agents; Young Adult | 2019 |
Effect of DLT-SML on Chronic Stable Angina Through Ameliorating Inflammation, Correcting Dyslipidemia, and Regulating Gut Microbiota.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Angina, Stable; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bacteria; Biomarkers; China; Cytokines; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Dysbiosis; Dyslipidemias; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypolipidemic Agents; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Lipids; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Pyrazines; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2021 |
911 other study(ies) available for tetramethylpyrazine and pyrazines
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Action of tetramethylpyrazine on cardiovascular system in the anesthetized dog (preliminary study) (author's transl)].
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; China; Dogs; Female; Heart Rate; Male; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines | 1979 |
Inhibitory effects of tetramethylpyrazine on platelets during cardiopulmonary bypass and arterial thrombus formation in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Blood Platelets; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Dogs; Female; Male; P-Selectin; Platelet Activation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Platelet Count; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; Pyrazines; Thrombosis | 1992 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine and ferulic acid alone or combined on vascular smooth muscle, blood viscosity and toxicity].
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Blood Viscosity; Coronary Circulation; Coumaric Acids; Drug Synergism; Female; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1992 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on rabbit basilar artery ring and canine vertebroarterial circulation].
Topics: Animals; Basilar Artery; Blood Pressure; Calcium Channel Blockers; Dogs; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Rats; Regional Blood Flow; Vascular Resistance; Vertebral Artery | 1992 |
[Changes in gerbil brain tissue following cerebral ischemia and postischemic reperfusion and studies of the effects of the Chinese drugs].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Gerbillinae; Glucose; Lactates; Male; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Reperfusion Injury; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1992 |
[Effect of ligustrazine controlled release capsule on pulmonary hemodynamic and right ventricular systolic time intervals in patients with cor pulmonale].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Circulation; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Pyrazines; Systole; Vascular Resistance; Vasodilator Agents; Ventricular Function, Right | 1992 |
Effects of sustained ligustrazine on hemorrheology in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease.
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Viscosity; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Heart Failure; Hematocrit; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Pyrazines; Thromboxane B2 | 1992 |
[Experimental study on yiqi-huoxue therapy of liver fibrosis].
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Astragalus propinquus; Carbon Tetrachloride; Collagen; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1992 |
Antiinflammatory effect of tetramethylpyrazine and ferulic acid.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Coumaric Acids; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1992 |
[The beta-adrenoceptor and pathophysiological study on acute lung injury induced by oleic acid in rats].
Topics: Animals; Dexamethasone; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Lung; Male; Oleic Acids; Phenobarbital; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1991 |
Vascular effects of tetramethylpyrazine: direct interaction with smooth muscle alpha-adrenoceptors.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Amiloride; Animals; Azepines; Binding, Competitive; Dogs; In Vitro Techniques; Microsomes; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Phenylephrine; Prazosin; Pyrazines; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Vasodilator Agents | 1991 |
Inhibition of vasoconstriction by tetramethylpyrazine: does it act by blocking the voltage-dependent Ca channel?
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Dogs; In Vitro Techniques; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Phenylephrine; Potassium; Pyrazines; Vasoconstriction | 1990 |
Ocular and cardiovascular pharmacology of tetramethylpyrazine isolated from Ligusticum wallichii Franch.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Choroid; Coronary Circulation; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Regional Blood Flow; Retinal Vessels; Stereoisomerism; Timolol; Vasodilator Agents | 1991 |
Inhibitory effects of tetramethyl and tetraethyl derivatives of pyrazine on dog saphenous vein.
Topics: Animals; Azepines; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Phenylephrine; Potassium Chloride; Pyrazines; Saphenous Vein; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilator Agents | 1991 |
Effects of ligustrazine on the pressure/flow relationship in isolated perfused rat lungs.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypoxia; Male; Nitric Oxide; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Circulation; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilator Agents | 1991 |
[Determination of tetramethylpyrazine in traditional Chinese medicines by high performance liquid chromatography].
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 1991 |
Effects of ligustrazine controlled release capsule in chronic pulmonary heart disease.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Capsules; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Circulation; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 1991 |
[Clinical effect of ligustrazine in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cochlea; Female; Humans; Male; Microcirculation; Middle Aged; Posture; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents; Vertigo | 1991 |
[The observation of changes in plasma PGI2 and TXA2 levels and the therapeutic effect of tetramethylpyrazine in E. coli induced acute lung injury in rabbits].
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Animals; Escherichia coli Infections; Lung; Lung Diseases; Male; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Thromboxane B2 | 1991 |
[Effect of penicillamine and tetramethyl pyrazine on the hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats].
Topics: Animals; Female; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypoxia; Male; Penicillamine; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vasodilator Agents | 1990 |
Ligustrazine is a vasodilator of human pulmonary and bronchial arteries.
Topics: Animals; Bronchial Arteries; Calcium; Calcium Chloride; Dinoprost; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Pulmonary Artery; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Serotonin; Vasodilator Agents | 1990 |
[Comparative study on the inhibitory elastase capacity of fructus Forsythiae, radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, radix Angelicae Sinensis and Ligustrazini].
Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Immunodiffusion; Pancreatic Elastase; Pyrazines | 1990 |
Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on heart rate and pupil diameter in rats.
Topics: Animals; Heart Rate; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Pupil; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1990 |
Inhibitory effects of tetramethylpyrazine and ferulic acid on spontaneous movement of rat uterus in situ.
Topics: Animals; Coumaric Acids; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Uterine Contraction | 1990 |
Antithrombotic/antiplatelet activity of tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Calcium Channel Blockers; Male; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thrombosis | 1990 |
[Experimental study of preventing emphysema with elastase inhibiting agents].
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Elastic Tissue; Emphysema; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Pancreatic Elastase; Phenanthrolines; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1990 |
[Prevention and treatment of emphysema in the guinea pig with ligustrazine].
Topics: Animals; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Pancreatic Elastase; Pulmonary Emphysema; Pyrazines | 1990 |
[Enhancement of absorption of tetramethylpyrazine by synthetic borneol].
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Camphanes; Camphor; Chromatography, Gas; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vasodilator Agents | 1990 |
Ligustrazine selectively blocks ATP-sensitive K+ channels in mouse pancreatic beta cells.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Diazoxide; Electric Conductivity; Islets of Langerhans; Mice; Potassium Channels; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 1990 |
[Effects of Salviae miltiorrhizae. Ligustrazini and hydrocortisone on the bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice].
Topics: Animals; Bleomycin; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Hydrocortisone; Male; Mice; Phenanthrolines; Plant Extracts; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1987 |
A possible mechanism of action of tetramethylpyrazine on vascular smooth muscle in rat aorta.
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Phenethylamines; Potassium; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Theophylline; Vasodilation | 1989 |
Effect of ligustrazine on pulmonary vascular changes induced by chronic hypoxia in rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Chronic Disease; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypoxia; Pulmonary Artery; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vasodilator Agents | 1989 |
In vitro uterine response to tetramethylpyrazine, the active constituent of chung chong (a traditional Chinese medicine).
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Dinoprostone; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Oxytocin; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Uterine Contraction; Uterus | 1989 |
[The effects of ligustrazine, aspirin and beta-histine on platelet aggregation in patients with acute ischemic stroke].
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspirin; Betahistine; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Pyridines; Vasodilator Agents | 1989 |
Pulmonary vasodilator action of ligustrazine, active principle of a traditional Chinese remedy, in rats and ferrets.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ferrets; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Pulmonary Artery; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilator Agents | 1989 |
Effect of ligustrazine on Ca2+ uptake by inside-out red cell membrane vesicles from renal hypertensive rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Erythrocyte Membrane; Hypertension, Renal; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Effect of chuanxiongqin (tetrame-thylpyrazine) on microcirculatory perfusion in hamsters and capillary permeability in rats.
Topics: Animals; Arterioles; Blood Flow Velocity; Capillary Permeability; Cheek; Cricetinae; Female; Male; Mesocricetus; Microcirculation; Pulmonary Edema; Pyrazines; Rats; Vasodilator Agents | 1989 |
[HPLC determination of tetramethylpyrazine in human serum and its pharmacokinetic parameters].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Male; Pyrazines | 1989 |
[Evaluation of the immediate effect of ligustrazine in chronic cor pulmonale].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plethysmography, Impedance; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 1989 |
[Prophylactic effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine on experimental respiratory distress syndrome induced by oleic acid in rats].
Topics: Animals; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Lung; Male; Oleic Acids; Phenanthrolines; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1989 |
The acute effects of ligustrazini on hemodynamics and right cardiac function in pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Heart; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 1989 |
Reactivity and site of vasomotion in pulmonary vessels of chronically hypoxic rats: relation to structural changes.
Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide); Almitrine; Angiotensin I; Animals; Bradykinin; Chronic Disease; Hypoxia; Male; Platelet Activating Factor; Pulmonary Circulation; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; Respiration; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilator Agents; Vasomotor System | 1989 |
The effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the human platelet alpha 2 adrenergic receptor adenylate cyclase system.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; Adenylyl Cyclases; Blood Platelets; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cell Membrane; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Pyrazines; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Yohimbine | 1987 |
Tetramethylpyrazine for treatment of experimentally induced stroke in Mongolian gerbils.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Gerbillinae; Male; Pyrazines | 1989 |
[Comparison of effects of narcissin and ligustrazin on cardiac hemodynamics].
Topics: Animals; Coronary Circulation; Dogs; Female; Flavonoids; Flavonols; Guinea Pigs; Heart Function Tests; Hemodynamics; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Oxygen Consumption; Pyrazines | 1987 |
[Inhibitory effect of ligustrazine on acute and chronic pulmonary hypertension in rats].
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Hemodynamics; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypoxia; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1988 |
[Dilative effect of injection of radix Angelicae, Salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazin on the pulmonary vessels in rats].
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Male; Phenanthrolines; Plant Extracts; Pulmonary Artery; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Vasodilator Agents | 1988 |
[The pharmacological effect of ligustrazine on human platelets].
Topics: Blood Platelets; Calcimycin; Calcium; Cyclic AMP; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines | 1985 |
[Effect of ligustrazine and salvia miltiorrhiza on microcirculation in the hamster cheek pouch].
Topics: Animals; Blood Flow Velocity; Cheek; Cricetinae; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Mesocricetus; Microcirculation; Phenanthrolines; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1986 |
[Effects of ligustrazin and anisodamine on whole blood viscosity and erythrocyte deformability in rabbits].
Topics: Animals; Blood Viscosity; Erythrocyte Deformability; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Male; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Solanaceous Alkaloids; Vasodilator Agents | 1987 |
[Therapeutic effects of ligustrazine on pulmonary hypertension. Report on 38 assessments with right heart catheterization and blood gas analysis].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carbon Dioxide; Cardiac Catheterization; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Male; Middle Aged; Oxygen; Pulmonary Artery; Pyrazines | 1988 |
Hemodynamic and hemorrheologic effect of ligustrazini in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with cor pulmonale.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Middle Aged; Plethysmography, Impedance; Pulmonary Circulation; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 1987 |
Effects of ligustrazine and anisodamine on rabbit whole blood viscosity and erythrocyte deformability.
Topics: Animals; Blood Viscosity; Erythrocyte Deformability; Female; Male; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Solanaceous Alkaloids; Vasodilator Agents | 1988 |
[Effects of a compound prescription of blood activator and tetramethylpyrazine on the biosynthesis of thromboxane A2].
Topics: Animals; Fibrinolytic Agents; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Thromboxane A2; Thromboxane-A Synthase; Thromboxanes | 1985 |
[Effect of Ligustrazini (a new calcium antagonist?) on cardiovascular tissue: pharmacodynamic and electrophysiological studies].
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cardiovascular System; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Rats | 1985 |
[Effect of promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis herbs on bone marrow hemopoiesis].
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Male; Mice; Pyrazines | 1988 |
[Effects of methylhesperidin on coronary, renal and cerebral circulation in dogs].
Topics: Animals; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Coronary Circulation; Dogs; Female; Flavonoids; Hesperidin; Male; Pyrazines; Renal Circulation; Vascular Resistance; Vasodilator Agents | 1988 |
[Effect of Liqustrazini and Salvia miltiorrhiza on extracorporeal fibroblast culture].
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fibrinolytic Agents; Fibroblasts; Humans; Phenanthrolines; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1987 |
[Electron microscopic study on the prevention and treatment of adrenaline-induced pulmonary edema in rats by tetramethylpyrazine].
Topics: Animals; Epinephrine; Fibrinolytic Agents; Lung; Male; Pulmonary Edema; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on platelet aggregation.
Topics: Animals; Aspirin; Collagen; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
[Ligustrazini in the treatment of chronic cor pulmonale].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Viscosity; Female; Heart; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Pyrazines | 1987 |
Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on acute and chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Hemodynamics; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypoxia; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vasodilator Agents | 1986 |
[The pharmacokinetics and disposition of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate in dogs and rats].
Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Dogs; Female; Kinetics; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Tissue Distribution | 1986 |
[Effects of tetrapyrazine on membrane fluidity and electrophoretic mobility of platelets and the relation to its antiaggregation effect].
Topics: Anticoagulants; Electrophoresis; Membrane Fluidity; Platelet Aggregation; Pyrazines | 1985 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on experimental thrombosis formation (author's transl)].
Topics: Animals; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Male; Platelet Aggregation; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Rats; Thrombosis | 1981 |
Tetramethylpyrazine in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Pyrazines | 1983 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on cardiac haemodynamics in dogs (author's transl)].
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Agents; Dogs; Hemodynamics; Oxygen Consumption; Propranolol; Pyrazines; Reserpine | 1982 |
Blockade of adrenergic and cholinergic transmissions by tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Duodenum; Esophagus; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle, Smooth; Nictitating Membrane; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Spermatic Cord | 1981 |
Mechanism of the hypotensive effect of tetramethylpyrazine, an amide alkaloid from the stem of Jatropha podagrica.
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Female; Male; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Rabbits | 1981 |
Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on isolated atria of the guinea-pig.
Topics: Animals; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart Rate; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Pyrazines | 1981 |
Antibacterial property of tetramethylpyrazine from the stem of Jatropha podagrica.
Topics: Africa; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines | 1980 |
Neuromuscular and cardiovascular actions of tetramethylpyrazine from the stem of Jatropha podagrica.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Blood Pressure; Cats; Chickens; Female; Heart Rate; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Neuromuscular Junction; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Rats | 1980 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on lymphocytes proliferation response of murine splenocytes].
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Cell Division; Lymphocyte Activation; Melanoma, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neoplasm Transplantation; Pyrazines; Spleen | 1995 |
Tetramethylpyrazine improves spatial cognitive impairment induced by permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries or scopolamine in rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Carotid Arteries; Cognition; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Maze Learning; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Scopolamine; Spatial Behavior; Vasodilator Agents | 1995 |
[Is it possible to study the pharmacokinetics of chemical component of decoction?].
Topics: Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glycyrrhetinic Acid; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Humans; Lignans; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1995 |
[Effect of tetramethylhyrazine on proliferation of human fetal mesangial cells].
Topics: Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media, Conditioned; Fetus; Glomerular Mesangium; Humans; Interleukin-6; Pyrazines | 1995 |
[Effect of shen mai injection and its combinations on blood gas and hemodynamics of rats exposed to chronic hypoxia].
Topics: Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Cardiac Output; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Hypoxia; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Panax; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vascular Resistance | 1995 |
[The effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae Bge and Ligustrazine on thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin in pregnancy induced hypertension].
Topics: Adult; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Epoprostenol; Female; Humans; Plant Extracts; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Thromboxane A2 | 1994 |
Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine against damages of aortic endothelial cells elicited by low-density lipoproteins.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic GMP; Endothelium, Vascular; Epoprostenol; Lipoproteins, LDL; Malondialdehyde; Pyrazines; Superoxide Dismutase | 1994 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine in inhibiting respiratory burst of polymorphonuclears and scavenging oxygen free radicals].
Topics: Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Humans; Luminescent Measurements; Neutrophils; Oxygen; Pyrazines; Respiratory Burst | 1994 |
[The effect of acute pulmonary alveolar hypoxia on canine plasma endothelin-1 levels].
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Dogs; Endothelins; Female; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypoxia; Male; Pyrazines | 1994 |
[Influence of ligustrazine and heparin on growth and cleavage of primary cultural vascular smooth muscle].
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Heparin; Male; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1995 |
[Experimental study on acute hypoxia in newborn rabbits].
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Pressure; Calcium Channel Blockers; Dura Mater; Female; Hypoxia; Male; Microcirculation; Pulmonary Artery; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Solanaceous Alkaloids | 1995 |
[Enhancement effect of tetramethylpyrazine on slow inward current in guinea pig papillary muscles].
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Papillary Muscles; Pyrazines | 1994 |
Experimental study on ischemia and reperfusion injury of rat liver and effects of ligustrazine and salvia compound.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Ischemia; Liver; Male; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion Injury; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1994 |
The effect of radix salviae miltiorrhizae composita and ligustrazine on lipid peroxidation in low density lipoprotein due to copper dichloride.
Topics: Adult; Copper; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Plant Extracts; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1994 |
[Determination of tetramethylpyrazine and borneol in human plasma by GC-MSD].
Topics: Adult; Animals; Camphanes; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Pyrazines; Rabbits | 1994 |
The role of cyclic AMP and phosphodiesterase activity in the mechanism of action of tetramethylpyrazine on human and dog cardiac and dog coronary arterial tissues.
Topics: 3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; Action Potentials; Animals; Coronary Vessels; Cyclic AMP; Dogs; Epinephrine; Female; Heart; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocardium; Purkinje Fibers; Pyrazines; Theophylline; Vasodilator Agents | 1993 |
Hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic mechanism of experimental pulmonary edema in rats and the effect of anisodamine and tetramethylpyrazine--electron microscopic observation and measurement of pulmonary arterial, pulmonary arterial wedge and systemic arterial
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Male; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Edema; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Solanaceous Alkaloids; Vasodilator Agents | 1993 |
Antiplatelet structure-activity relationship of tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Aminopyridines; Humans; Molecular Structure; Nitrogen; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1994 |
[Pharmacokinetic characteristics of tetramethylpyrazine and study on hemorheology in rat model of spleen deficiency syndrome].
Topics: Animals; Hemorheology; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reserpine; Splenic Diseases; Yang Deficiency | 1994 |
[Influence of combined Salvia miltiorrhiza and Ligusticum wallichii on pharmacokinetics of tetramethylpyrazine in rats].
Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Drug Incompatibility; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Male; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1994 |
Scavenging effects of tetramethylpyrazine on active oxygen free radicals.
Topics: Animals; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Lipid Peroxides; Luminescent Measurements; Microsomes, Liver; Oxygen; Pyrazines; Rats | 1994 |
[Effects of ligustrazine and nitroglycerine on acute hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in anesthetized dogs].
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Blood Pressure; Calcium Channel Blockers; Dogs; Female; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypoxia; Male; Methylene Blue; Nitroglycerin; Pyrazines; Vascular Resistance | 1994 |
[Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on ischemic neuronal damage in the gerbil hippocampus].
Topics: Animals; Brain; Gerbillinae; Hippocampus; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Pyrazines | 1994 |
[Effects of scoparone on hemodynamics in anesthetized rabbits].
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Coumarins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Papaverine; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Vasodilator Agents | 1993 |
Hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic mechanisms of experimental pulmonary edema in rats and the effects of anisodamine and tetramethylpyrazine--estimation of blood gas analysis, RBC superoxide dismutase and prostaglandin E2 in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage
Topics: Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Dinoprostone; Epinephrine; Male; Pulmonary Edema; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Solanaceous Alkaloids; Superoxide Dismutase; Vasodilator Agents | 1993 |
Antiplatelet activity of tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Calcium; Cyclic AMP; Humans; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; Pyrazines | 1994 |
[Prevention of toxicity of cyclosporine A on rat pancreatic islet beta-cells by Ligustrazine].
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Animals; Cyclosporine; Fibrinolytic Agents; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thromboxane B2 | 1993 |
Analogues of tetramethylpyrazine affect membrane fluidity of liposomes: relationship to their biological activities.
Topics: Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Fluorescence Polarization; Fluorescent Dyes; Liposomes; Membrane Fluidity; Phospholipids; Pyrazines; Temperature | 1994 |
Study on the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese drugs in experimental glomerulonephritis.
Topics: Animals; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fibrinolytic Agents; Glomerulonephritis; Male; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Serum Albumin, Bovine | 1993 |
Plant-derived drugs acting on cellular Ca2+ mobilization in vascular smooth muscle: tetramethylpyrazine and tetrandrine.
Topics: Alkaloids; Benzylisoquinolines; Calcium; Humans; Hypertension; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Vascular Diseases | 1994 |
[The metabolism of TMPz in vivo].
Topics: Animals; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Pyrazines; Rats | 1993 |
Hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic mechanisms of experimental pulmonary edema in rats and the effect of anisodamine and tetramethylpyrazine. Part 1: Survival rate, pulmonary index, pathological change and pulmonary vascular permeability.
Topics: Animals; Capillary Permeability; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Epinephrine; Lung; Male; Pulmonary Edema; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Solanaceous Alkaloids; Vasodilator Agents | 1993 |
[Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine on lung injury in acute haemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis in rats].
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Animals; Free Radical Scavengers; Lipid Peroxides; Lung; Necrosis; Pancreatitis; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thromboxane B2 | 1993 |
[Reversal of adriamycin resistance by verapamil and ligustrazini in mouse Ehrlich ascites cancer].
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Doxorubicin; Drug Resistance; Drug Synergism; Female; Glutathione Transferase; Male; Mice; Pyrazines; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Verapamil | 1993 |
[Experimental study on effects of 18 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine for synthesis of thromboxane A2 and PGI2].
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Animals; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ginsenosides; Lung; Microsomes; Phenanthrolines; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Saponins; Swine; Thromboxane B2 | 1993 |
Pyrazine derivatives affect membrane fluidity of vascular smooth muscle microsomes in relation to their biological activity.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Dogs; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Female; Fluorescence Polarization; In Vitro Techniques; Lipid Bilayers; Male; Membrane Fluidity; Microsomes; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 1993 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on isolated myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury in rats].
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Animals; Female; In Vitro Techniques; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thromboxane B2 | 1993 |
[Effect of ligustrazine controlled release capsule on hemorrheology in patients with cor pulmonale].
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Aged; Blood Viscosity; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Fibrinogen; Hematocrit; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Pyrazines; Thromboxane B2 | 1993 |
Effect of new thromboxane A2 synthesis inhibitor tetramethyl-pyrazine on pancreatic transplantation in diabetic rats.
Topics: Albuminuria; Animals; Benzofurans; beta 2-Microglobulin; Cyclosporine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Nephropathies; Enzyme Inhibitors; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney; Organ Size; Pancreas Transplantation; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Thromboxane A2; Thromboxane-A Synthase; Transplantation, Isogeneic | 1996 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on kanamycin ototoxicity].
Topics: Animals; Auditory Threshold; Cochlea; Female; Free Radical Scavengers; Guinea Pigs; Hearing Loss; Kanamycin; Male; Malondialdehyde; Pyrazines; Superoxide Dismutase | 1995 |
[Changes of collagen distribution in extrapulmonary arteries of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertensive rat].
Topics: Altitude Sickness; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Collagen; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fibrinolytic Agents; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Male; Pulmonary Artery; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1995 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on expression of collagen genes in primary cultured smooth muscle cells in rats].
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Cells, Cultured; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Procollagen; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger | 1995 |
[Studies on gelatin microsphere loaded ligustrazine hydrochloride for lung targeting].
Topics: Animals; Drug Carriers; Gelatin; Lung; Mice; Microspheres; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 1996 |
Pretreatment with tetramethylpyrazine increases the release of PGI2 and decreases TXA2 release in isolated rat heart.
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Animals; Epoprostenol; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myocardium; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reference Values; Thromboxane A2; Vasodilator Agents | 1996 |
Effects of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate and sodium ferulate alone or in combination on hemodynamics in anesthetized dog.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Coronary Circulation; Coumaric Acids; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Female; Heart Rate; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 1996 |
Ligustrazine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in pulmonary arteries via an NO-mediated and exogenous L-arginine-dependent mechanism.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Endothelium, Vascular; Male; Muscle Relaxation; Nitric Oxide; Pulmonary Artery; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vasodilator Agents | 1996 |
Tetramethylpyrazine, a calcium antagonist.
Topics: Animals; Arteries; Blood Pressure; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Membrane Potentials; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1996 |
Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the release of PGI2 and TXA2 in the hypoxic isolated rat heart.
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Animals; Blood Pressure; Coronary Circulation; Epoprostenol; Heart; Hypoxia; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myocardium; Perfusion; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thromboxane A2; Thromboxane B2; Time Factors; Vasodilator Agents | 1997 |
Candidates for cognitive enhancer extracted from medicinal plants: paeoniflorin and tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Cognition; Discrimination Learning; Free Radical Scavengers; Glucosides; Male; Maze Learning; Memory, Short-Term; Monoterpenes; Nootropic Agents; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Wistar | 1997 |
[The effect of ligustrazine and 764-3 on type I and type III collagen mRNA expression in fibroblasts].
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fibrinolytic Agents; Fibroblasts; Humans; Lung; Procollagen; Pyrazines; RNA, Messenger | 1996 |
[Effect of tetramethyl pyrazine on coronary vasoconstriction induced by endothelin-1 in dogs].
Topics: Animals; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Vessels; Dogs; Endothelin-1; Heart Rate; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Pyrazines; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilator Agents | 1996 |
[Image morphological quantitative analysis of pathological changes of intra-acinar arteries in experimental pulmonary artery hypertension and outcomes of treatment].
Topics: Alkaloids; Allyl Compounds; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzylisoquinolines; Disulfides; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Pulmonary Artery; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1996 |
[Using ligustrazini and angelica sinensis treat the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats].
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Bleomycin; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1996 |
[Study on pharmacokinetic characteristics of tetramethylpyrazine and hemodynamics of heart blood stasis in dogs].
Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Disease; Dogs; Female; Male; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 1996 |
[Observation of relationship between function and structure of experimental pulmonary artery hypertension in rats and inhibitory effect of garlicin and other herbal medicines].
Topics: Alkaloids; Allyl Compounds; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzylisoquinolines; Blood Pressure; Disulfides; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Male; Monocrotaline; Pulmonary Artery; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vasodilator Agents | 1996 |
[Studies on the metabolites of tetramethylpyrazine in human urine].
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 1996 |
Mechanisms involved in the antiplatelet activity of tetramethylpyrazine in human platelets.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Calcium; Collagen; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; Pyrazines | 1997 |
Beneficial effects of tetramethylpyrazine, an active constituent of Chinese herbs, on rats with endotoxemia.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Endotoxemia; Heart Rate; Hypotension; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Norepinephrine; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vasoconstriction | 1998 |
First description of the effect of a non-sulfonylurea compound, tetramethylpyrazine, on coronary response to desoxyglucose-induced ischemia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Coronary Circulation; Deoxyglucose; Flavoring Agents; Guinea Pigs; Myocardial Ischemia; Organ Culture Techniques; Perfusion; Potassium Channels; Pyrazines; Sweetening Agents; Vasodilation | 1998 |
Tetramethylpyrazine, a Chinese drug, blocks coronary vasoconstriction by endothelin-1 and decreases plasma endothelin-1 levels in experimental animals.
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Angiography; Animals; Coronary Vessels; Dogs; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Electrocardiography; Endothelin-1; Male; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilator Agents | 1998 |
Effects of tetramethylpyrazine, a Chinese medicine, on plasma endothelin-1 levels during acute pulmonary hypoxia in anesthetized dogs.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Blood Pressure; Dogs; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelin-1; Hemodynamics; Hypoxia; Lung Diseases; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Circulation; Pyrazines; Vascular Resistance; Vasodilator Agents | 1998 |
[Effect of 764-3 and ligustrazine on collagen content of extrapulmonary arteries during chronic hypoxia].
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Collagen; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Hydroxyproline; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Hypoxia; Male; Pulmonary Artery; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1996 |
Effects of ligustrazine on bone marrow microvessel system in the early period of acute radiation injury in mice.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Hematopoietic System; Male; Mice; Microcirculation; Pyrazines; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Radiation-Protective Agents | 1997 |
Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on reserpine-induced gastric lesion in rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Cimetidine; Gastric Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrointestinal Motility; Mucus; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reserpine; Stomach; Stomach Ulcer | 1998 |
Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on portal hypertensive rats.
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Hypertension, Portal; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vascular Resistance; Venous Pressure | 1998 |
[Effects of ligustrazine on hemodynamics in chronic pulmonary heart disease patients].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Calcium Channel Blockers; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Pyrazines | 1996 |
[Studies on the metabolites of tetramethylpyrazine in rabbits].
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Vasodilator Agents | 1996 |
[Effect of sijunzi decoction on motilin and pharmacokinetic characteristics of tetramethylpyrazine in rat model of spleen deficiency syndrome].
Topics: Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Motilin; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reserpine; Splenic Diseases; Yang Deficiency | 1997 |
[Observation of therapeutic effect by combined administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza, ligustrazine and Panax notoginseng on late hemorrhagic shock of rabbits].
Topics: Animals; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Free Radical Scavengers; Male; Panax; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Vasodilator Agents | 1997 |
Effects of dexamethasone, ibuprofen, and ligustrazini on lipopolysaccharides-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha production.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Dexamethasone; Humans; Ibuprofen; Lipopolysaccharides; Pyrazines; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 1997 |
Acute hemodynamic effects of tetramethylpyrazine and tetrandrine on cirrhotic rats.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Benzylisoquinolines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemodynamics; Hypertension, Portal; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1999 |
Measurement and pharmacokinetic study of tetramethylpyrazine in rat blood and its regional brain tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Tissue Distribution | 1999 |
The effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the incidence of arrhythmias and the release of PGI2 and TXA2 in the ischemic rat heart.
Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Epoprostenol; Heart; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thromboxane A2 | 1999 |
[The inhibitory effect in vitro of salvia miltiorrhiza and tetramethyl pyrazine on the growth of fibroblasts].
Topics: Burns; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic; Depression, Chemical; DNA; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fibroblasts; Humans; Mitotic Index; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1998 |
[The influence of salvia miltiorrhiza and tetramethyl pyrazine on DNA content of cicatricial fibroblasts and its cellular cycle].
Topics: Burns; Cell Cycle; Cells, Cultured; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic; Depression, Chemical; DNA; DNA Replication; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fibroblasts; Humans; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1998 |
[Prophylactic effects of magnesium sulfate and ligustrazin on the hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats].
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain Ischemia; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Hypoxia; Magnesium Sulfate; Male; Malondialdehyde; Neurons; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Superoxide Dismutase | 1997 |
Haemodynamic effects of chronic tetramethylpyrazine administration on portal hypertensive rats.
Topics: Animals; Female; Hemodynamics; Hypertension, Portal; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental; Male; Portal Pressure; Portal Vein; Pyrazines; Rats; Vasodilator Agents | 1999 |
Beneficial effects of combined terlipressin and tetramethylpyrazine administration on portal hypertensive rats.
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Cholestasis; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hemodynamics; Hypertension, Portal; Lypressin; Male; Portal Vein; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Terlipressin; Vasodilator Agents | 1999 |
Tetramethylpyradizine prevents inducible NO synthase expression and improves survival in rodent models of endotoxic shock.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Disease Models, Animal; Heart Rate; In Vitro Techniques; Lipopolysaccharides; Lung; Male; Mice; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Norepinephrine; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Shock, Septic; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vasodilator Agents | 1999 |
Prophylactic effects of tetramethyl pyrazine on mice with endotoxemia and its relationship with platelet-activating factor.
Topics: Acetyltransferases; Animals; Endotoxemia; Female; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Male; Mice; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Platelet Activating Factor; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines | 1999 |
[Sudden deafness: stepwise regression analysis on the correlation factors with prognosis].
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Auditory Threshold; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hearing Loss, Sudden; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Papaverine; Prognosis; Pyrazines; Regression Analysis; Retrospective Studies; Vasodilator Agents | 1997 |
Ligustrazine, allicin and shear-induced platelet aggregation.
Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Platelets; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Disulfides; Drug Evaluation; Hemorheology; Pilot Projects; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Platelet Function Tests; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Stress, Mechanical; Sulfinic Acids | 2000 |
Analysis of tetramethylpyrazine in Ephedrae herba by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Calibration; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ephedra sinica; Ephedrine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Plant Preparations; Pyrazines | 2000 |
The antiplatelet activity of tetramethylpyrazine is mediated through activation of NO synthase.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Calcium; Cyclic GMP; Enzyme Activation; Humans; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines | 2000 |
Experimental study on the effect of ligustrazine in the prevention of intimal proliferation of deendothelial artery.
Topics: Animals; Carotid Artery, Common; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Constriction, Pathologic; Endothelium, Vascular; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasodilator Agents | 2000 |
[Study on the improvement of bone marrow microenvironment by ligustrazine in immune-induced aplastic anemia mice].
Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Animals; Bone Marrow; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred DBA; Microcirculation; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Vasodilator Agents | 1998 |
Effects of ligustrazine, tanshinone II A, ubiquinone, and idebenone on mouse water maze performance.
Topics: Abietanes; Animals; Anticoagulants; Benzoquinones; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; Phenanthrenes; Pyrazines; Ubiquinone | 1999 |
Inhibitory effect of ligustrazine on proliferation of rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells after arterial injury.
Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Animals; Aorta; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Male; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Thymidine; Vasodilator Agents | 1999 |
Pharmacokinetics of tetramethylpyrazine in rat blood and brain using microdialysis.
Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Microdialysis; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Distribution; Vasodilator Agents | 2001 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits phytohemagglutinin-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 mediated leukocyte adhesion.
Topics: Adult; Cell Adhesion; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Erythrocyte Deformability; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Leukemia, T-Cell; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; Male; Micromanipulation; Middle Aged; Phytohemagglutinins; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship; T-Lymphocytes; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2000 |
Macro- and microcirculatory effects of tetramethylpyrazine and extract of Charthamus tinctorius L. in rabbit mesentery.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Arterioles; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cardiovascular Agents; Carthamus tinctorius; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Microcirculation; Microscopy, Video; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nicardipine; Phentolamine; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Splanchnic Circulation | 2000 |
Antithrombotic effects of tetramethylpyrazine in in vivo experiments.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; Aspirin; Bleeding Time; Blood Pressure; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Fibrinolytic Agents; Injections, Intravenous; Mesenteric Arteries; Mesenteric Veins; Mice; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pulmonary Embolism; Pyrazines; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Reproducibility of Results; Thrombolytic Therapy; Vasodilator Agents; Venous Thrombosis | 2001 |
[Application of computerized image analyzing system in morphometric study of vascular smooth muscle cells].
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Cell Division; Cell Size; Cells, Cultured; DNA; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Vasodilator Agents | 1997 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on CD34 antigen expression of bone marrow cells in immune-mediated aplastic anemia mice].
Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Animals; Antigens, CD34; Bone Marrow Cells; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Female; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred DBA; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents; Whole-Body Irradiation | 1998 |
[Effect of hypoxia on proliferation and alpha 1 (I) procollagen gene expression by human fetal lung fibroblasts].
Topics: Cell Division; Cell Hypoxia; Cells, Cultured; Collagen; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain; Fetus; Fibrinolytic Agents; Fibroblasts; Gene Expression; Humans; Lung; Protein Precursors; Pyrazines; RNA, Messenger | 1998 |
[Effect of hypoxic hypercapnia on expression of endothelin-1 mRNA of pulmonary arterioles in rats].
Topics: Animals; Arterioles; Endothelin-1; Hypercapnia; Hypoxia; Male; Pulmonary Artery; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 2000 |
Aqueous flare elevation induced by transcorneal application of highly selective agonists for prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes in pigmented rabbits: effect of tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Animals; Aqueous Humor; Area Under Curve; Blood-Aqueous Barrier; Cornea; Diffusion; Dinoprostone; Drug Interactions; Male; Molecular Structure; Pigmentation; Protein Isoforms; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Receptors, Prostaglandin E; Time Factors; Vasodilator Agents | 2001 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine and radix salviae miltiorrhizae on collagen synthesis and proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts].
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Collagen; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fibroblasts; Male; Myocardium; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1998 |
[Study on relativity between oxygen free radical and thromboxane B2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha during ligustrazine treatment of intrauterine growth retardation].
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Adult; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Pregnancy; Pyrazines; Superoxide Dismutase; Thromboxane B2 | 1998 |
Effect of tetramethyl pyrazine on L-type calcium channel in rat ventricular myocytes.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Heart Ventricles; Myocardium; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ventricular Function | 2001 |
Ligustrazini inhibits endotoxin induced PAI-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cells, Cultured; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Pyrazines; RNA, Messenger; Umbilical Veins | 2001 |
Separation and determination of ephedrine alkaloids and tetramethylpyrazine in Ephedra sinica Stapf by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Ephedrine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Helium; Phenylpropanolamine; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results | 2001 |
Specific inhibiting characteristics of tetramethylpyrazine, one of the active ingredients of the Chinese herbal medicine 'Chuanxiong,' on platelet thrombus formation under high shear rates.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Blood Viscosity; Collagen; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Ligusticum; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Protein Binding; Pyrazines; Stress, Mechanical; Thrombosis; von Willebrand Factor | 2001 |
[Effects of ligustrazine on myocardium and coronary artery].
Topics: Action Potentials; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Arteries; Calcium Channel Blockers; Coronary Vessels; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Papillary Muscles; Pyrazines; Swine; Vasodilation | 1998 |
[Study on the effect of ligustrazine on adherent molecule expression of bone marrow cells in immune-mediated aplastic anemia mice].
Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Animals; Antigens, CD; Bone Marrow Cells; Female; Free Radical Scavengers; Integrin alpha3; Integrin alpha4; Integrins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred DBA; Pyrazines; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 | 1999 |
Mechanism of ligustrazini against thrombosis.
Topics: Binding, Competitive; Blotting, Northern; Cells, Cultured; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; Endothelium, Vascular; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; NF-kappa B; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Pyrazines; RNA, Messenger; Thrombosis | 2000 |
[Inhibitory effects of ligustrazine on the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells induced by preeclamptic plasma].
Topics: Adult; Cells, Cultured; Endothelium, Vascular; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pyrazines; Umbilical Veins; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 | 2000 |
[Effects of ligustrazine on plasma platelet aggregation rate, thromboxane B2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and von Willebrand's factor in patients with acute onset of cor pulmonale].
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Pyrazines; Qi; Thromboxane B2; von Willebrand Factor | 1999 |
[Clinical study on the interventional treatment of non-traumatic femoral head mecrosis by integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Femur Head Necrosis; Humans; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Male; Middle Aged; Papaverine; Pyrazines; Radiography, Interventional; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator | 1999 |
[Effect of baicalin and tetramethylpyrazine on intracranial hypertension of infectious brain edema in rabbits].
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Bordetella pertussis; Brain Edema; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Intracranial Hypertension; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Whooping Cough | 1999 |
[Experimental study on effect of ligustrazine on peritoneal ultrafiltrative function in rats].
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Dialysis Solutions; Male; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ultrafiltration | 2000 |
[Effect of ligustrazine injection on vascular endothelial cell of the patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans].
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arteriosclerosis Obliterans; Cell Count; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Phytotherapy; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines | 2000 |
[Transporting into the kidney of medications injected into the renal adipose capsules of rats].
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Biological Transport; Injections; Kidney; Male; Methylene Blue; Methylprednisolone; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 2001 |
[The therapeutic effect of ligustrazin and salvia miltiorrhiza on the gene expression of alpha1 (I) and alpha1 (III) procollagen in rat pulmonary fibrosis].
Topics: Animals; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type III; Male; Phytotherapy; Procollagen; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 1999 |
[The protective effect of ligustrazine on optic nerve axons in rabbit eyes with continuous elevated IOP].
Topics: Animals; Axons; Conjunctiva; Female; Male; Microcirculation; Neuroprotective Agents; Ocular Hypertension; Optic Nerve; Pyrazines; Rabbits | 2000 |
Protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on kainate-induced excitotoxicity in hippocampal culture.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Free Radical Scavengers; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Membrane Potentials; Mitochondria; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2002 |
Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates spinal cord ischemic injury due to aortic cross-clamping in rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aorta; Cell Count; Constriction; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Motor Activity; Neurologic Examination; Neurons; Paraplegia; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Ischemia; Thoracic Surgical Procedures; Treatment Outcome | 2002 |
Hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of tetramethylpyrazine on acute econazole-induced liver injury.
Topics: Acute Disease; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cytochrome c Group; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Econazole; Ferrous Compounds; Free Radical Scavengers; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Liver Diseases; Male; Malondialdehyde; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Silymarin; Superoxides; Vitamin E | 2002 |
Inhibitory effects of potassium channel blockers on tetramethylpyrazine-induced relaxation of rat aortic strip in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Apamin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelium, Vascular; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glyburide; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Oxadiazoles; Pinacidil; Potassium Channel Blockers; Potassium Channels; Pyrazines; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents | 2002 |
In vitro permeation of tetramethylpyrazine across porcine buccal mucosa.
Topics: Absorption; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Mouth Mucosa; Pyrazines; Swine | 2002 |
Comparative studies of LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction by micropipette and flow chamber techniques.
Topics: Adult; Cell Adhesion; Cell Culture Techniques; Endothelium, Vascular; Erythrocytes; Female; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; Lymphocytes; Male; Micromanipulation; Middle Aged; Phytohemagglutinins; Pyrazines; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Umbilical Veins | 2003 |
Protective effects of ligustrazine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat kidneys.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelin-1; Free Radical Scavengers; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Malondialdehyde; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Renal Artery; Reperfusion Injury; Superoxide Dismutase | 2002 |
Effect of ligustrazine on hematopoiesis in bone marrow transplantation mice.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Female; Hematopoiesis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pyrazines; Random Allocation | 2001 |
[Determination of tetramethylpyrazine in animal serum and cerebrospinal fluid by high performance liquid chromatography].
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Ligusticum; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Methanol; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2000 |
[Separation and determination of ephedrine alkaloids and 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl pyrazine in Ephedra herba by HPLC].
Topics: Alkaloids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Ephedra sinica; Ephedrine; Phenylpropanolamine; Pyrazines | 2001 |
[Preparation and in vitro release of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate pulsincap capsule controlled by an erodible plug].
Topics: Calcium Channel Blockers; Capsules; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Delivery Systems; Lactose; Methylcellulose; Oxazines; Pyrazines; Technology, Pharmaceutical | 2002 |
Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Free Radical Scavengers; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Pyrazines; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances | 2002 |
[Cultivation of fibroblasts derived from urethral scar and the effects of salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine on its growth].
Topics: Adult; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Cicatrix; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fibroblasts; Humans; Male; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Urethral Stricture | 2002 |
[Effect of ligustrazine peritoneal dialysate on CD40 expression of rat peritoneal mesothellial cells].
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; CD40 Antigens; Cells, Cultured; Dialysis Solutions; Epithelium; Fibrosis; Male; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Pyrazines; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 2001 |
[Effect of combination of ligustrazine and nitrendipine on hemodynamics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Calcium Channel Blockers; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrendipine; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 2001 |
[Therapeutic mechanism of combination therapy of ligustrazine and nitrendipine in treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].
Topics: Aged; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endothelin-1; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrendipine; P-Selectin; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Pyrazines; Thromboxane B2; Vasodilator Agents | 2001 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on bone marrow hematopoiesis in mice after bone marrow transplantation].
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Female; Hematopoiesis; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Receptors, CXCR4 | 2002 |
[The intervention effects of Angelica sinensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine on peritoneal macrophages during peritoneal dialysis].
Topics: Angelica sinensis; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Male; Mice; Nitric Oxide; Peritoneal Dialysis; Phagocytosis; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 2002 |
Physicochemical characterization and percutaneous delivery of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Cardiovascular Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Ligusticum; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skin; Skin Absorption; Solubility | 2003 |
The prediction of plasma and brain levels of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine following transdermal application.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Brain; Male; Models, Animal; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasodilator Agents | 2002 |
Tetramethylpyrazine scavenges superoxide anion and decreases nitric oxide production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Topics: Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Indicators and Reagents; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; Neutrophils; Nitric Oxide; Pyrazines; Respiratory Burst; Superoxides | 2003 |
Effects of ligustrazine on hematopoiesis in the early phase of bone marrow transplantation mice.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Female; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pyrazines; Time Factors | 2002 |
The effect of ligustrazine on peritoneal transport in peritoneal dialysis.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane Permeability; Creatinine; Dialysis Solutions; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Pyrazines; Rabbits | 2002 |
Iron-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in cerebellar granule cells: attenuation by tetramethylpyrazine and ferulic acid.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Caspase 3; Caspases; Cells, Cultured; Cerebellum; Coumaric Acids; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; Cyclins; DNA Fragmentation; Down-Regulation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Enzyme Activation; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, p53; Iron; Lipid Peroxidation; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2003 |
Mechanisms responsible for the in vitro relaxation of ligustrazine on porcine left anterior descending coronary artery.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Coronary Vessels; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Male; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Structure-Activity Relationship; Swine | 2003 |
Convolution method to predict drug concentration profiles of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine following transdermal application.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Biological Availability; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; In Vitro Techniques; Injections, Intravenous; Models, Biological; Permeability; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Skin; Skin Absorption | 2003 |
Synthesis of the novel liqustrazine derivatives and Their protective effect on injured vascular endothelial cell damaged by hydrogen peroxide.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cell Division; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Line; Endothelial Cells; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Ligusticum; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Umbilical Cord | 2003 |
[Clinical application and pharmacological actions of ligustrazine].
Topics: Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebral Infarction; Coronary Disease; Humans; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 2003 |
Effect of ligustrazine on expression of adherent molecule CD49d and cyclin D2 in hematopoietic cells in acute radiation injured mice.
Topics: Animals; Cyclin D2; Cyclins; Female; Gamma Rays; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Integrin alpha4; Mice; Pyrazines; Radiation Injuries; Random Allocation; Spleen; Whole-Body Irradiation | 1999 |
Expression of adherent molecule and cyclin by ligustrazine in bone marrow of mice with immune-induced aplastic anemia.
Topics: Anemia, Aplastic; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, CD34; Bone Marrow; Cyclin D2; Cyclins; Female; Integrin alpha3; Integrin alpha4; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred DBA; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 | 1999 |
Study on the effect of ligustrazine on hematopoietic reconstitution in bone marrow transplantation mice.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Female; Hematopoiesis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pyrazines; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Receptors, CXCR4; Whole-Body Irradiation | 2000 |
Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on P-selectin and hepatic/renal ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Free Radical Scavengers; Kidney; Liver; Male; P-Selectin; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion Injury | 2003 |
Tetramethylpyrazine as potassium channel opener to lower calcium influx into cultured aortic smooth muscle cells.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Calcium; Cell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ligusticum; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Phytotherapy; Potassium Channels; Pyrazines; Rats; Vasodilator Agents | 2003 |
[Ligustrazine and Salvia miltiorrhiza injection solution in complementary therapy of pregnancy-induced hypertension: clinical analysis of 60 cases].
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Injections; Phytotherapy; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Solutions | 2003 |
[STUDIES ON THE METABOLIC PRODUCTS OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS. I. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF TETRAMETHYLPYRAZINE].
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Biochemical Phenomena; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Metabolism; Pyrazines; Research | 1964 |
[STUDIES ON THE METABOLIC PRODUCTS OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS. II. THE PRODUCTION OF TETRAMETHYLPYRAZINE BY NATTO].
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Biochemical Phenomena; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Metabolism; Pyrazines; Research; Soy Foods | 1964 |
[STUDIES ON THE METABOLIC PRODUCTS OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS. 3. RELATION BETWEEN AMINO ACIDS AND TETRAMETHYLPYRAZINE PRODUCTION].
Topics: Amino Acids; Bacillus subtilis; Biochemical Phenomena; Metabolism; Pyrazines; Research | 1964 |
[STUDIES ON THE METABOLIC PRODUCTS OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS. IV. DETERMINATION AND MECHANISM OF FORMATION OF TETRAMETHYLPYRAZINE].
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Metabolism; Pyrazines; Research | 1964 |
Isolation of tetramethylpyrazine from culture of Bacillus natto, and biosynthetic pathways of tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacillus subtilis; Biosynthetic Pathways; Heterocyclic Compounds; Pyrazines; Soy Foods | 1962 |
Discovery of a pyrazine in a natural product: tetramethylpyrazine from cultures of a strain of Bacillus subtilis.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Biological Products; Pyrazines; Pyrimidines | 1962 |
Tetramethylpyrazine: a Bacillus subtilis growth factor.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Pyrazines | 1962 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on cytosolic free calcium concentration in penis corpus cavernsum smooth muscle cells in rabbits].
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Penis; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Vasodilator Agents | 2003 |
Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on potassium channels to lower calcium concentration in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Calcium; Cell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Potassium Channel Blockers; Potassium Channels; Pyrazines; Rats | 2003 |
Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on exocrine pancreatic and bile secretion.
Topics: Animals; Bile; Cell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Pancreas; Pancreatic Ducts; Pancreatic Juice; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2003 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on learning, memory and cholinergic system in D-galactose-lesioned mice].
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Cognition; Galactose; Learning; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pyrazines; Receptor, Muscarinic M1; Receptors, Cholinergic | 2003 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on the expression of Bcl-2 protein and apoptosis in rabbit articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture].
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cartilage, Articular; Cells, Cultured; Chondrocytes; Female; Male; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Rabbits | 2003 |
Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on acute nociception mediated by signaling of P2X receptor activation in rat.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Dinoprostone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Formaldehyde; Ganglia, Spinal; Hindlimb; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Membrane Potentials; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Purinergic P2; Receptors, Purinergic P2X | 2004 |
Basolateral membrane mechanisms involved in ligustrazine-stimulated anion secretion in rat distal colon.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Calcium Channel Blockers; Colon; Epithelial Cells; Evoked Potentials; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Mucosa; Ion Transport; Male; Potassium Channels; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2003 |
Tetramethylpyrazine elicits disparate responses in cardiac contraction and intracellular Ca(2+) transients in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes.
Topics: Amidines; Animals; Calcium Signaling; Coumarins; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fluorescent Dyes; Fura-2; Heart Ventricles; In Vitro Techniques; Myocardial Contraction; Myocytes, Cardiac; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Pyrazines; Rats; Vasodilator Agents | 2003 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on cell cycle and prostacyclin of injured vascular endothelial cells induced by hypoxia and lack of glucose].
Topics: Cell Cycle; Cell Hypoxia; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelium, Vascular; Glucose; Prostaglandins I; Pyrazines; Radioimmunoassay | 2003 |
Nitric oxide-mediated vasorelaxation by Rhizoma Ligustici wallichii in isolated rat thoracic aorta.
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Ligusticum; Male; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nitric Oxide; Norepinephrine; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasodilator Agents | 2004 |
[Effect of Ligustrazine on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in bone marrow stromal cells of radiation injured mice].
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Cycle; Cell Division; Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Mice; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Pyrazines; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Radiation-Protective Agents; Stromal Cells; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A | 2004 |
The effects of Ligustrazine on the expression of bFGF and bFGFR in bone marrow in radiation injured mice.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Female; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Hematopoiesis; Male; Mice; Pyrazines; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Radiation-Protective Agents; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor | 2003 |
Effects of electroacupuncture plus intra-carotid drug injection on rheoencephalogram in patients with cerebral infarction.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carotid Artery, External; Cerebral Infarction; Combined Modality Therapy; Electroacupuncture; Electroencephalography; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Male; Middle Aged; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines | 2004 |
[Cardiac hemodynamics after suprarenal ligation of the inferior vena cava and the resection of the right kidney or injection of ligustrazine in rats].
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Heart; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Ligation; Male; Nephrectomy; Pyrazines; Rats; Stroke Volume; Vasodilator Agents; Vena Cava, Inferior | 2004 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on the expression of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in bone marrow transplantation recipient mice].
Topics: Animals; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Examination; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Female; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pyrazines | 2004 |
Differential Cl- and HCO3- mediated anion secretion by different colonic cell types in response to tetromethylpyrazine.
Topics: Animals; Anions; Bicarbonates; Caco-2 Cells; Calcium Channel Blockers; Chlorides; Gene Expression; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sodium-Bicarbonate Symporters | 2004 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on expressions of basic fibroblast growth factor and its receptor in bone marrow of mice with acute radiation injury].
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Female; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Hematopoiesis; Male; Mice; Pyrazines; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Random Allocation; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor | 2004 |
Improvement of barrier function and stimulation of colonic epithelial anion secretion by Menoease Pills.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Anions; Biological Transport; Cell Line; Chlorides; Colon; Gene Expression; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Membrane Potentials; Membrane Proteins; Phosphoproteins; Postmenopause; Pyrazines; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tight Junctions; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; Zonula Occludens-2 Protein | 2004 |
Inhibition of shear-induced platelet aggregation in rat by tetramethylpyrazine and salvianolic acid B.
Topics: Animals; Benzofurans; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Synergism; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Hemorheology; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rats; Stress, Mechanical | 2004 |
Effect of ligustrazine on the expression of LFA-1, ICAM-1 following bone marrow transplantation in mice.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Female; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pyrazines; Random Allocation | 2004 |
The electrochemistry and determination of Ligustrazine hydrochloride.
Topics: Animals; Electrochemistry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Structure; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2004 |
[Effect of tetromethylpyrazine and aminoguanidine on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in kidney of diabetic rats].
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Glycated Hemoglobin; Guanidines; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Streptozocin; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A | 2004 |
[Effect of chuanxiongzine on the relaxation of isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum tissues].
Topics: Animals; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth; Penis; Pyrazines; Rabbits | 2004 |
[Effects of ligustrazine on expression of PECAM-1/CD31 and hematopoietic reconstitution in syngenic bone marrow transplantation of mice].
Topics: Animals; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow Examination; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Female; Hematopoiesis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Pyrazines; Transplantation, Isogeneic | 2004 |
[Experimental study on prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma by compound Chinese herbal monomer recipe].
Topics: Animals; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Asthma; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Flavonoids; Ginkgo biloba; Guinea Pigs; Male; Pyrazines; Random Allocation | 2004 |
The protective effects of ligustrazine on ischemia-reperfusion and DPPH free radical-induced myocardial injury in isolated rat hearts.
Topics: Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Cardiotonic Agents; Ligusticum; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Phytotherapy; Picrates; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2004 |
Preparative isolation and purification of chuanxiongzine from the medicinal plant Ligusticum chuanxiong by high-speed counter-current chromatography.
Topics: Countercurrent Distribution; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ligusticum; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines | 2004 |
[Study on the interactions between four components in Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizome and acceptors on cardiac muscle membrane].
Topics: Animals; Anthraquinones; Cell Membrane; Coumaric Acids; Female; Ligusticum; Male; Myocytes, Cardiac; Plants, Medicinal; Protein Binding; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Rhizome; Vanillic Acid | 2004 |
Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on learning and memory function in D-galactose-lesioned mice.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Galactose; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Receptors, Muscarinic | 2004 |
Effect of ligustrazine on ischemia-reperfusion injury in murine kidney.
Topics: Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nephrectomy; Pyrazines; Renal Circulation; Reperfusion Injury; Superoxide Dismutase; Vasodilator Agents | 2004 |
Inhibitory effects of ligustrazine, a modulator of thromboxane-prostacycline-nitric oxide balance, on renal injury in rats with passive Heyman nephritis.
Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Animals; Epoprostenol; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; Glomerular Basement Membrane; Glomerulonephritis; Immunoglobulin G; Kidney Glomerulus; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Nitrites; Proteinuria; Pyrazines; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Thromboxane A2 | 2004 |
Tetramethylpyrazine reduces ischemic brain injury in rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cells, Cultured; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2004 |
The oxygen radical generator pyrogallol impairs cardiomyocyte contractile function via a superoxide and p38 MAP kinase-dependent pathway: protection by anisodamine and tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Antagonism; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Enzyme Inhibitors; Free Radical Scavengers; Imidazoles; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocytes, Cardiac; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pyrazines; Pyridines; Pyrogallol; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Solanaceous Alkaloids; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxides | 2004 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on lipopolysaccharides induced macrophage cyclo-oxidase-2 expression and apoptosis of cardiac myocytes].
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Cells, Cultured; Cyclooxygenase 2; Isoenzymes; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Mice; Myocytes, Cardiac; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger | 2004 |
[Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine and L-arginine on rats with acute myocardial infarction].
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Creatine Kinase; Drug Synergism; Female; Male; Myocardial Infarction; P-Selectin; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Troponin T | 2004 |
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination of tetramethylpyrazine and its metabolite in dog plasma.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Dogs; Pyrazines; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization | 2004 |
[Protective effect of ligustrazine on insulin resistance after local cerebral ischemia of rat].
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Endothelin-1; Female; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Superoxide Dismutase; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2003 |
[Effects of combination therapy of rehin and tetramethylpyrazine on experimental hepatic fibrosis induced by tetrachloride].
Topics: Animals; Anthraquinones; Carbon Tetrachloride; Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning; Drug Therapy, Combination; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2004 |
[Study on ligustrazine in reversing multidrug resistance of HepG2/ADM cell in vitro].
Topics: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; Calcium Channel Blockers; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line, Tumor; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Doxorubicin; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Genes, MDR; Glycoproteins; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Pyrazines | 2004 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on injury of vascular endothelial cells ECV-304 induced by hypoxia and lack of glucose].
Topics: Cell Hypoxia; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Hypoglycemia; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Ligusticum; Malondialdehyde; Membrane Fluidity; Nitric Oxide; Plants, Medicinal; Protective Agents; Pyrazines | 2004 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on airway remodeling in asthmatic rats].
Topics: Animals; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Collagen Type III; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Ovalbumin; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Transforming Growth Factor beta | 2004 |
[Effects of ligustrazine on expression of VCAM-1/VLA-4 in syngenic bone marrow transplantation of mice].
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Flow Cytometry; Immunohistochemistry; Integrin alpha4beta1; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pyrazines; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Transplantation, Isogeneic; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 | 2005 |
Activation of apical CFTR and basolateral Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels by tetramethylpyrazine in Caco-2 cell line.
Topics: Base Sequence; Caco-2 Cells; Calcium; Chloride Channels; Colon; Cyclic AMP; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; DNA; Humans; Ion Transport; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; Pyrazines; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction | 2005 |
[Experimental study of evaluation on neuroprotective effect for tetramethylpyrazine against focal cerebral ischemic injury with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging].
Topics: Animals; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2005 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits ATP-activated currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.
Topics: Action Potentials; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Neurons; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2005 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the responses of respiration and expression of nNOS in brainstem to hypoxia in rats].
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Female; Hypoxia; Male; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiration; Respiratory Insufficiency | 2005 |
[Evaluation of the efficacy of ligustrazine collaborated with magnesium sulfate in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension in rats].
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Female; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Kidney; Magnesium Sulfate; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Pregnancy; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2005 |
[Effects of three Chinese traditional drugs on afferent discharge from single muscle spindle in toads].
Topics: Animals; Anura; Carthamus tinctorius; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Electrophysiology; Muscle Spindles; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Vasodilator Agents | 2005 |
[Effect of danshensu and ligustrazine on related genes of myocardial hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II].
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Cardiomegaly; Cells, Cultured; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Lactates; Male; Myocytes, Cardiac; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger | 2005 |
Role of cGMP signals in tetramethylpyrazine induced relaxation of the isolated rat aortic strip.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Cyclic GMP; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Guanylate Cyclase; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vasodilation | 2005 |
Ligustrazine attenuates acute lung injury after burn trauma.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Burns; Capillary Permeability; Interleukin-8; Lung; Male; Models, Animal; Peroxidase; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Respiratory Distress Syndrome | 2005 |
Tetramethylpyrazine protected photoreceptor cells of rats by modulating nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Female; I-kappa B Proteins; Ligusticum; Methylnitrosourea; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retinal Diseases; Transcription Factor RelA | 2005 |
Tetramethylpyrazine stimulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated anion secretion in distal colon of rodents.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Anions; Colon; Constipation; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred CFTR; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2005 |
Inhibition of cyclic strain-induced endothelin-1 secretion by tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelin-1; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Ligusticum; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species; Transcription Factor AP-1 | 2005 |
[Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the respiratory inhibition induced by hypoxia in rats].
Topics: Animals; Brain Stem; Female; Hypoxia; Male; Protective Agents; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiration; Respiratory Insufficiency | 2005 |
Low frequency internal modes of 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene, tetramethylpyrazine and tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone INS, Raman, infrared and theoretical DFT studies.
Topics: Benzene; Benzene Derivatives; Benzoquinones; Hydrogen Bonding; Molecular Structure; Neutrons; Normal Distribution; Pyrazines; Scattering, Radiation; Spectrophotometry; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Temperature | 2006 |
[Determination of ligustrazine in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with solid-phase extraction].
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Pyrazines; Solid Phase Extraction | 2005 |
Tetramethylpyrazine downregulates angiotensin II-induced endothelin-1 gene expression in vascular endothelial cells.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Antioxidants; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Western; Cells, Cultured; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; Down-Regulation; Endothelial Cells; Endothelin-1; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Gene Expression; Humans; Phosphorylation; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Superoxides; Transfection | 2005 |
Type two cytokines predominance of human lung cancer and its reverse by traditional Chinese medicine TTMP.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cytokines; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Ligusticum; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Mice; Middle Aged; Pyrazines | 2004 |
[Effects of Ligustrazine and Radix Astragali on activities of myosin adenosine triphosphatase of soleus muscle and muscle atrophy in tail-suspended rats].
Topics: Animals; Astragalus propinquus; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Myosins; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Weightlessness Simulation | 2005 |
[Protective effects of ligustrazine against photoreceptor cell injury induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and its mechanism].
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Genes, fos; Genes, jun; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Ligusticum; Methylnitrosourea; Photoreceptor Cells; Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate; Plants, Medicinal; Protective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retina | 2005 |
Neuroprotection by tetramethylpyrazine against ischemic brain injury in rats.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Behavior, Animal; Blotting, Western; Brain Ischemia; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2006 |
The underlying cellular mechanism in the effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the anion secretion of colonic mucosa.
Topics: 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; Acetazolamide; Animals; Bicarbonates; Bumetanide; Calcium Channel Blockers; Carbon Dioxide; Chloride Channels; Chlorides; Colon; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Electric Stimulation; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Membrane Potentials; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Sodium-Bicarbonate Symporters; Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters | 2005 |
Antioxidative effects of tetramethylpyrazine on acute ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Central Nervous System Depressants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Myocardium; Pyrazines | 2005 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on fibrosis of atrial tissue and atrial fibrillation in a canine model of congestive heart failure induced by ventricular tachypacing].
Topics: Animals; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; Dogs; Female; Fibrosis; Heart Atria; Heart Failure; Male; Pyrazines; Random Allocation | 2006 |
Enhancing effects of ligustrazine on expression of CD31 and hematopoietic reconstitution in syngenic bone marrow transplantation of mice.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Female; Hematopoiesis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Pyrazines; Whole-Body Irradiation | 2005 |
Effects of ligustrazine on the contraction of isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum strips.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channels; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxation; Muscle, Smooth; Penis; Phenylephrine; Potassium Chloride; Pyrazines; Rabbits | 2005 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on large-conductance Ca²⁺-activated potassium channels in porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells].
Topics: Animals; Coronary Vessels; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; Pyrazines; Swine; Vasodilator Agents | 2006 |
Effect of Ligustrazine on liver injury after burn trauma.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Burns; Liver; Male; NF-kappa B; Peroxidase; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2006 |
[The effects of tetramethylpyrazine in combination with rhein on proliferation and apoptosis in human liver cell L-02 induced by TGFb1 and TG].
Topics: Anthraquinones; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Hepatocytes; Humans; Pyrazines; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Triglycerides | 2006 |
Inhibitory mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Free Radical Scavengers; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Ligusticum; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Neutrophils; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Respiratory Burst; Telencephalon; Tyrosine | 2006 |
Simultaneous determination of Gastrodin and Ligustrazine hydrochloride in dog plasma by gradient high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Area Under Curve; Benzyl Alcohols; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dogs; Female; Glucosides; Half-Life; Male; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Reproducibility of Results | 2006 |
Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate in very small volumes of dog plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dogs; Female; Male; Pyrazines; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 2006 |
Involvement of intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ in tetramethylpyrazine-induced colonic anion secretion.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anions; Caco-2 Cells; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Colon; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Pyrazines; Thapsigargin | 2006 |
[Interferential effect of ligustrazine injection on lymph circulation during the recovery of hemorrhagic shock in rats].
Topics: Animals; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Injections; Lymphatic System; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Vasodilator Agents | 2006 |
Anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of Tetramethylpyrazine following spinal cord ischemia in rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Male; Malondialdehyde; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Motor Neurons; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Ischemia; Superoxide Dismutase; Treatment Outcome; Up-Regulation | 2006 |
Tetramethylpyrazine production from glucose by a newly isolated Bacillus mutant.
Topics: Bacillus; Culture Media; Fermentation; Glucose; Mutation; Pyrazines; Vitamins | 2006 |
Effects of four Si-Wu-Tang's constituents and their combination on irradiated mice.
Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Body Weight; Bone Marrow Cells; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Coumaric Acids; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Fructose; Gamma Rays; Glucosides; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Monoterpenes; Pyrazines; Radiation-Protective Agents; Stem Cells; Thymus Gland | 2006 |
Tetramethylpyrazine induces heme oxygenase-1 expression and attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Chemotaxis; Fibrinolytic Agents; Gene Expression; Heme Oxygenase-1; Humans; Ligusticum; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Neutrophils; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Burst; Superoxides | 2006 |
Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates adriamycin-induced apoptotic injury in rat renal tubular cells NRK-52E.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Caspase Inhibitors; Cell Line; Cytochromes c; Doxorubicin; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Kidney Tubules; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Rats | 2006 |
[Relationship between endostatin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expressions on bone marrow stromal cells in BMT-mice].
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Endostatins; Female; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; RNA, Messenger; Stromal Cells; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 | 2006 |
[Effect of Ligustrazine on type I, III collagen synthesis in lung tissue of silica-treated rat].
Topics: Animals; Collagen Type I; Collagen Type III; Female; Lung; Male; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Silicon Dioxide | 2006 |
[Investigation of the in vivo desintegration and transit behavior of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate pulsincap capsule in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs by gamma scintigraphy].
Topics: Animals; Capsules; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dogs; Gastrointestinal Tract; Gastrointestinal Transit; Pyrazines; Radionuclide Imaging | 2006 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on cell proliferation in subventricular zone of lateral cerebral ventricle after adult rat suffering from focal cerebral ischemia].
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cerebral Ventricles; Doublecortin Domain Proteins; Doublecortin Protein; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Neuropeptides; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stem Cells | 2006 |
[Effects of D-limonene and L-limonene on transdermal absorption of ligustrazine hydrochloride].
Topics: Animals; Cyclohexenes; Ligusticum; Limonene; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Skin; Skin Absorption; Stereoisomerism; Swine; Swine, Miniature; Terpenes | 2006 |
The cardioprotective effect of isosteviol on rats with heart ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Cardiotonic Agents; Decanoic Acids; Disease Models, Animal; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heart Rate; Hydroxy Acids; Injections, Intravenous; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Ventricular Fibrillation | 2007 |
[Effects of ligustrazine on hippocampal dentate gyrus cell proliferation after focal cerebral ischemia in adult rats].
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Dentate Gyrus; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 2006 |
Preventive effect of tetramethylpyrazine on intestinal mucosal injury in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
Topics: Animals; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Microcirculation; Neutrophils; Pancreas; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing; Peroxidase; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Regional Blood Flow; Vasodilator Agents | 2006 |
[Effect of ligustrazine, synthetic borneol on lasting time of ciliary movement].
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Camphanes; Cell Movement; Cilia; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Male; Nasal Mucosa; Pyrazines; Rana esculenta; Time | 2006 |
Ligustrazine alleviates acute lung injury in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
Topics: Animals; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Ligusticum; Lung; Male; Microcirculation; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing; Peroxidase; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Distress Syndrome | 2006 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on the expression of bFGF in bone marrow stromal cells of mice after BMT].
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Cells, Cultured; Female; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Hematopoiesis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; RNA, Messenger; Stromal Cells | 2006 |
Effects of enantiomer and isomer permeation enhancers on transdermal delivery of ligustrazine hydrochloride.
Topics: Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Cyclohexenes; Drug Carriers; In Vitro Techniques; Keratolytic Agents; Limonene; Lipids; Permeability; Pyrazines; Skin; Stereoisomerism; Swine; Terpenes | 2006 |
[The effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the pharmacokinetics of intragastrically administered cyclosporine A in rats].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Area Under Curve; Biological Availability; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cyclosporine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Routes; Immunosuppressive Agents; Ligusticum; Male; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stomach; Verapamil | 2006 |
Tetramethylpyrazine protects rat renal tubular cell apoptosis induced by gentamicin.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Apoptosis; bcl-X Protein; Blotting, Western; Caspase 3; Caspase 8; Caspase 9; Caspase Inhibitors; Cytochromes c; Disease Models, Animal; DNA; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Gene Expression; Gentamicins; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Ligusticum; Male; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reperfusion Injury; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vasodilator Agents | 2007 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-induced factor-1alpha by rat peritoneal macrophages].
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Ligusticum; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Male; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A | 2006 |
Ligustrazine alleviates acute renal injury in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Kidney Diseases; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Renal Circulation; Vasodilator Agents | 2006 |
[Effects of ligustrazine injection on lymph circulation in rats with acute microcirculation disturbance].
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Injections; Lymphatic System; Lymphocytes; Male; Mesentery; Microcirculation; Monocytes; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2006 |
Ligustrazine attenuates acute myocardium injury after thermal trauma.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Burns; Heart Injuries; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vasodilator Agents; Water | 2007 |
[The effect of ligustrazine on cells proliferation in cortex and striatum after focal cerebral ischemia in adult rats].
Topics: Animals; Apiaceae; Brain Ischemia; Cell Count; Cell Proliferation; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2006 |
Proteomic analysis of the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on irradiated QXMSC1 cells.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow; Cell Cycle; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Gamma Rays; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Proteins; Proteomics; Pyrazines; Radiation-Protective Agents; RNA, Messenger; Stromal Cells; Tumor Protein, Translationally-Controlled 1 | 2007 |
The enhancing effect of synthetical borneol on the absorption of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate in mouse.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Availability; Brain; Camphanes; Cardiovascular Agents; Computer Simulation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Intestinal Absorption; Least-Squares Analysis; Male; Mice; Models, Biological; Nonlinear Dynamics; Phosphates; Pyrazines; Reproducibility of Results | 2007 |
Tetramethylpyrazine suppresses HIF-1alpha, TNF-alpha, and activated caspase-3 expression in middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced brain ischemia in rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Brain Ischemia; Caspase 3; Enzyme Activation; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Male; Middle Cerebral Artery; Pyrazines; Rats; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2007 |
Neuroprotective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Caspase 3; Caspase 8; Cell Survival; Cytochromes c; Hydrogen Peroxide; Neuroprotective Agents; PC12 Cells; Pheochromocytoma; Pyrazines; Rats | 2007 |
[Study on metabolism of tetramethylpyrazine in system of rat liver microsomes].
Topics: Animals; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors; Dexamethasone; Ketoconazole; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Microsomes, Liver; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vasodilator Agents | 2006 |
Protective effect of ligustrazine on accelerated anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody nephritis in rats is based on its antioxidant properties.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease; Antibodies; Antioxidants; Autoantibodies; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Catalase; Creatinine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Kidney; Male; Malondialdehyde; Proteinuria; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxide Dismutase | 2007 |
Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on rat experimental choroidal neovascularization in vivo and endothelial cell cultures in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Capillary Permeability; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Choroidal Neovascularization; Dextrans; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelium, Vascular; Fluorescein Angiography; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Laser Coagulation; Male; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred BN; Umbilical Veins | 2007 |
Ligustrazine alleviates gastric mucosal injury in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-1beta; Ligusticum; Male; Microcirculation; Pancreas; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing; Peroxidase; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Regional Blood Flow | 2007 |
Design, synthesis, and biological activities of novel Ligustrazine derivatives.
Topics: Animals; Blood Platelets; Cell Line; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Drug Design; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; In Vitro Techniques; Indicators and Reagents; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Oxidants; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared | 2007 |
[Establishment of oxygen and glucose deprive model of in vitro cultured hippocampal neuron and effect of ligustrazine on intracellular Ca+ level in model neurons].
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Calcium; Cell Hypoxia; Cells, Cultured; Glucose; Hippocampus; Models, Biological; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxygen; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2007 |
Quantitative study of the drug efflux kinetics from sensitive and MDR human breast cancer cells.
Topics: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Biological Transport; Breast Neoplasms; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cell Line, Tumor; Diffusion; Doxorubicin; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Microelectrodes; Models, Biological; Pyrazines; Verapamil | 2007 |
Effects of cinnamene enhancers on transdermal delivery of ligustrazine hydrochloride.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cinnamates; Fibrinolytic Agents; Lipids; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Models, Chemical; Pyrazines; Skin; Skin Absorption; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Swine | 2007 |
Delayed protection of tetramethylpyrazine on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes subjected to anoxia-reoxygenation injury.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Benzophenanthridines; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Flavonoids; Glutathione Peroxidase; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; In Vitro Techniques; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Malondialdehyde; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocytes, Cardiac; Protein Kinase C; Pyrazines; Rats; Superoxide Dismutase; Vasodilator Agents | 2007 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits agiontensin II-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation and bone morphogenetic protein-2 downregulation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Immunohistochemistry; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; NF-kappa B; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Transforming Growth Factor beta | 2007 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on nNOS expression and neuranagenesis in adult rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury].
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blotting, Western; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cell Proliferation; Cerebral Ventricles; Dentate Gyrus; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Nerve Regeneration; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury | 2007 |
[Relationship between cardiomyocyte protein synthesis and cell viability].
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dihydropyridines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelin-1; Myocytes, Cardiac; Protein Biosynthesis; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2007 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on cell proliferation in subventricular zone in rat brain with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury].
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Brain Ischemia; Cell Proliferation; Cerebral Ventricles; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Time Factors | 2007 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on migration of neuronal precursors after focal cerebral ischemia in adult rats].
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Brain Ischemia; Cell Movement; Doublecortin Domain Proteins; Doublecortin Protein; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2007 |
Attenuation of streptomycin ototoxicity by tetramethylpyrazine and its effect on K⁺ channels in the outer hair cells of guinea pig cochlea.
Topics: Animals; Auditory Threshold; Cochlea; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; Guinea Pigs; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channels; Pyrazines; Streptomycin | 2007 |
Tetramethylpyrazine-eluting stents prevented in-stent restenosis in a porcine model.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Restenosis; Coronary Vessels; Endothelium, Vascular; Hyperplasia; Methylmethacrylate; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Polyglycolic Acid; Polymers; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Pyrazines; Stents; Swine; Tunica Intima | 2007 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on brain oxidative damage induced by intracerebral perfusion of L-DOPA in rats with Parkinson's disease].
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Catechols; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Hydroxybenzoates; Levodopa; Male; Microdialysis; Oxidative Stress; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2007 |
Biocompatibility of tetramethylpyrazine-eluting stents in normal porcine coronary arteries.
Topics: Animals; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Restenosis; Coronary Vessels; Drug-Eluting Stents; Kidney; Liver; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Swine; Thrombosis; Time Factors; Tunica Intima | 2008 |
Supramolecular synthon polymorphism in 2 : 1 co-crystal of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Crystallization; Hydrogen Bonding; Models, Molecular; Parabens; Pyrazines | 2007 |
[Ligustrazine and cimetidine therapy for the prevention of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis in children: a follow-up study of 380 cases].
Topics: Child; Cimetidine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; IgA Vasculitis; Male; Nephritis; Pyrazines | 2007 |
Muscle composition after 14-day hindlimb unloading in rats: effects of two herbal compounds.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Astragalus propinquus; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Hindlimb Suspension; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Myosins; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Weightlessness Simulation | 2007 |
[Aqueous humor penetration of ligustrazine hydrochloride eye drops after topical administration in rabbit eyes].
Topics: Administration, Ophthalmic; Animals; Anterior Chamber; Aqueous Humor; Ophthalmic Solutions; Pyrazines; Rabbits | 2007 |
[Effects of acupoint-embedding of medicinal thread and electroacupuncture on contents of TNF-alpha and IL-6 of hippocampus tissue in rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury].
Topics: Acupuncture Points; Animals; Brain Ischemia; Collagen; Electroacupuncture; Female; Hippocampus; Interleukin-6; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2007 |
Effect of ligustrazine on chronic allograft nephropathy in rats.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Creatinine; Graft Rejection; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Models, Animal; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Transplantation, Homologous | 2007 |
Effect and mechanism of ligustrazine on Th1/Th2 cytokines in a rat asthma model.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asthma; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Disease Models, Animal; Eosinophils; GATA3 Transcription Factor; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-4; Lung; Male; Ovalbumin; Pyrazines; Rats; T-Box Domain Proteins; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells | 2007 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits angiotensin II-increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity and subsequent proliferation in rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; DNA; Endothelin-1; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Male; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; NADPH Oxidases; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Transcription Factor AP-1; Vasodilator Agents | 2007 |
Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine and salvianolic acid B on apoptosis of rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cell under high shear stress.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apoptosis; Benzofurans; Cells, Cultured; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelium, Vascular; Hemorheology; Male; Microcirculation; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress, Mechanical | 2008 |
Protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on rat retinal cell cultures.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Death; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Hydrogen Peroxide; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Nerve Degeneration; Neuroglia; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Proteins; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Retina; Retinal Degeneration; RNA, Small Interfering; Signal Transduction | 2008 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits activities of glioma cells and glutamate neuro-excitotoxicity: potential therapeutic application for treatment of gliomas.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Coculture Techniques; Glioma; Glutamic Acid; Microdialysis; Nerve Degeneration; Neurons; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays | 2008 |
Preparation of molecularly imprinted adsorptive resin for trapping of ligustrazine from the traditional Chinese herb Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.
Topics: Adsorption; Calibration; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Ligusticum; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Molecular Imprinting; Molecular Structure; Pyrazines; Solid Phase Extraction | 2008 |
Amelioration of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by tetramethylpyrazine, a major constituent of the Chinese herb Ligusticum wallichi.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cisplatin; Creatinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glutathione; Kidney; Ligusticum; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Necrosis; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Superoxide Dismutase; Urea | 2008 |
[Effect of puerarin and ligustrazine on cultured hippocampal neurons injury induced by Abeta25-35].
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Hippocampus; Isoflavones; Neurons; Pyrazines; Rats | 2008 |
[Influence of borneol on nasal absorption of Ligustrazinee].
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Camphanes; Drug Administration Routes; Female; Kinetics; Male; Nasal Mucosa; Nose; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2008 |
Anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects of Tetramethylpyrazine following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Behavior, Animal; Blotting, Western; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Caspase 3; Cerebral Cortex; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Motor Activity; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Time Factors; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Vasodilator Agents; Vasospasm, Intracranial | 2008 |
[Optimization of ligustrazine phosphate thermosensitive gel formulation by central composite design-response surface methodology].
Topics: Algorithms; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Delivery Systems; Gels; Linear Models; Poloxamer; Pyrazines; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Temperature; Viscosity | 2008 |
[Impacts of tetramethylpyrazine on BDNF, bFGF expression and neuron-protection in severe brain injury tissue of rat].
Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Female; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Malondialdehyde; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Superoxide Dismutase | 2008 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on endothelin and nitric oxide contents in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage].
Topics: Animals; Endothelins; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Immunoassay; Male; Nitric Oxide; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Time Factors; Vasospasm, Intracranial | 2008 |
Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on primary afferent transmission mediated by P2X3 receptor in neuropathic pain states.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Constriction; Electrophysiology; Female; Ganglia, Spinal; Hyperalgesia; Immunohistochemistry; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Neuralgia; Neurons; Neurons, Afferent; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Purinergic P2; Receptors, Purinergic P2X3; Sciatic Nerve; Spinal Cord | 2008 |
Effect of chitosan structure properties and molecular weight on the intranasal absorption of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate in rats.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chitosan; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Methylation; Molecular Structure; Molecular Weight; Nasal Mucosa; Permeability; Phosphates; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Solubility; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 2008 |
[Effect of acupuncture on target action of ligustrazine in treatment of toxic deafness induced by gentamicin in guinea pigs].
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Deafness; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; Female; Gentamicins; Guinea Pigs; Male; Pyrazines | 2008 |
[Mechanism of ligustrazine promoting hematopoietic reconstitution in syngenic bone marrow transplanted mice].
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Hematopoiesis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pyrazines; RNA, Messenger; Stem Cell Factor; Transplantation, Isogeneic | 2008 |
[Tetramethylpyrazine accelerated spinal cord repair through regulation of caspase-3 and neurofilament protein expression: an acute spinal cord injury model in rats].
Topics: Animals; Caspase 3; Female; Male; Nerve Regeneration; Neurofilament Proteins; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2008 |
Ferulic acid, but not tetramethylpyrazine, significantly attenuates retinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced alterations by acting as a hydroxyl radical scavenger.
Topics: Animals; Coumaric Acids; Electroretinography; Free Radical Scavengers; Hydroxyl Radical; Immunohistochemistry; Ischemia; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reperfusion Injury; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2008 |
Therapeutic time window and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine on transient focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brain Infarction; Disease Models, Animal; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male; Neurologic Examination; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; RNA, Messenger; Thioredoxins; Time Factors; Vasodilator Agents | 2009 |
Antioxidative and thrombolytic TMP nitrone for treatment of ischemic stroke.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Brain Ischemia; Fibrinolytic Agents; Nitrogen Oxides; Pyrazines; Rats; Stroke; Thrombolytic Therapy | 2008 |
Antioxidation and anti-inflammation by haem oxygenase-1 contribute to protection by tetramethylpyrazine against gentamicin-induced apoptosis in murine renal tubular cells.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Cell Culture Techniques; Cells, Cultured; Disease Models, Animal; Gentamicins; Heme Oxygenase-1; Kidney Cortex Necrosis; Kidney Tubules; Male; Mice; Pyrazines; Rats; Vasodilator Agents | 2009 |
Protective effect of chuanxiongzine-puerarin in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced focal cerebral ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Brain; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Interleukin-1; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Isoflavones; Male; Malondialdehyde; Nervous System Diseases; Neuroprotective Agents; Nitric Oxide; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Superoxide Dismutase; Synaptophysin; Tetrazolium Salts | 2008 |
In reference to Fu et al. (neuro-Oncology 2008:10139-152).
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Brain Neoplasms; Humans; Neurons; Pyrazines; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2009 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on expression of RhoA mRNA, ROCK-II protein in the lung and airway inflammation of allergic asthma model mice].
Topics: Animals; Asthma; Inflammation; Lung; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines; rho GTP-Binding Proteins; rho-Associated Kinases; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein; RNA, Messenger | 2008 |
[The efficacy of tetramethylpyrazine-eluting stents on inhibiting neointima formation in porcine coronary arteries].
Topics: Animals; Coronary Restenosis; Coronary Vessels; Disease Models, Animal; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Eluting Stents; Pyrazines; Swine; Tunica Intima | 2008 |
[The influence of JNK inhibitor on hemodynamics after ischemia/reperfusion injury to the heart in rats].
Topics: Animals; Anthracenes; Disease Models, Animal; Hemodynamics; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Male; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2008 |
[Determination and fingerprint analysis of tetramethylpyrazine and ferulic acid in Ligusticum chuanxiong].
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drug Contamination; Ligusticum; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Quality Control; Rhizome; Seasons | 2008 |
Comparative protective effect of N-acetyl cysteine and tetramethylpyrazine in rats with gentamicin nephrotoxicity.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Antioxidants; Body Weight; Creatinine; Gentamicins; Kidney Cortex; Male; Protective Agents; Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Urea; Urodynamics | 2009 |
Protective effect of tetraethyl pyrazine against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: therapeutic time window and its mechanism.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Brain Ischemia; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Thioredoxin Reductase 1; Thioredoxins | 2009 |
[Effects of ligustrazine injection on high glucose-induced type I collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expressions in human peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro].
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Collagen Type I; Epithelial Cells; Glucose; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Peritoneal Cavity; Pyrazines; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 | 2009 |
[Regulatory effect of ligustrazine and Radix astragalus on RANTES and receptor CCR5 expression in the genesis and development process of endometriosis].
Topics: Adult; Astragalus Plant; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL5; Down-Regulation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Female; Humans; Pyrazines; Receptors, CCR5; Stromal Cells | 2008 |
[Effects of ligustrazine on extracellular acetylcholine levels in rat brain dialysate].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ligusticum; Male; Microdialysis; Nucleus Accumbens; Plants, Medicinal; Prefrontal Cortex; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2008 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on angiotensin II -induced proliferation and type I collagen synthesis of rat cardiac fibroblasts].
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Proliferation; Collagen Type I; Fibroblasts; Myocardium; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2009 |
Antioxidative effect of the herbal remedy Qin Huo Yi Hao and its active component tetramethylpyrazine on high glucose-treated endothelial cells.
Topics: Antioxidants; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelial Cells; Endothelium, Vascular; Glucose; Humans; Ion Channels; Mitochondrial Proteins; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Phosphorylation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Time Factors; Uncoupling Protein 2 | 2009 |
Ligustrazine derivatives. Part 3: Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel acylpiperazinyl derivatives as potential cerebrocardiac vascular agents.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Drug Design; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2009 |
Traditional Chinese medicine Bak Foong Pills alters uterine quiescence - possible role in alleviation of dysmenorrhoeal symptoms.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cells, Cultured; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Fluorometry; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Muscle Relaxation; Myometrium; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Uterine Contraction; Uterus | 2009 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on expression of Smad7 and SnoN in rats with UUO].
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Collagen; Gene Expression Regulation; Kidney; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Peptide Fragments; Procollagen; Pyrazines; Rats; Smad7 Protein; Transcription Factors; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Ureteral Obstruction | 2009 |
Formation and identification of trimethylimidazole during tetramethylpyrazine production from glucose by Bacillus strains.
Topics: Ammonium Sulfate; Bacillus; Culture Media; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucose; Imidazoles; Phosphates; Pyrazines | 2009 |
Brain pharmacokinetics of tetramethylpyrazine after intranasal and intravenous administration in awake rats.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Area Under Curve; Biological Availability; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Cross-Over Studies; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Microdialysis; Models, Biological; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors; Vasodilator Agents | 2009 |
Ligustrazine inhibits B16F10 melanoma metastasis and suppresses angiogenesis induced by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Female; Fibroblasts; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Melanoma, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microvessels; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Pyrazines; Rats; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A | 2009 |
Tetramethylpyrazine suppresses interleukin-8 expression in LPS-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell by blocking ERK, p38 and nulear factor-kappaB signaling pathways.
Topics: Base Sequence; Cell Adhesion; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; DNA Primers; Endothelium, Vascular; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Humans; Interleukin-8; Lipopolysaccharides; NF-kappa B; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phosphorylation; Pyrazines; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; U937 Cells; Umbilical Veins | 2009 |
The protective mechanism of ligustrazine against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apoptosis; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neutrophils; Oxidative Stress; Peroxidase; Pyrazines; Reperfusion Injury; Superoxide Dismutase; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2011 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine added to vitrification solution on peripheral nerve allografts regeneration].
Topics: Animals; Male; Nerve Regeneration; Organ Preservation; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Sciatic Nerve; Transplantation, Homologous | 2009 |
[Protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on rat myocardial cells infected by Coxsackie virus B3 and its signal transduction mechanism].
Topics: Animals; Cytoprotection; Enterovirus B, Human; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Myocardial Contraction; Myocarditis; Myocytes, Cardiac; NF-kappa B; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction | 2009 |
Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on DRG neuron P2X3 receptor involved in transmitting pain after burn.
Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Burns; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Ganglia, Spinal; Hyperalgesia; Male; Pain Threshold; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Purinergic P2; Receptors, Purinergic P2X3; Skin | 2010 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on thrombin-induced tissue factor expression in vascular endothelial cells].
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelial Cells; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Pyrazines; RNA, Messenger; Thrombin; Thromboplastin; Time Factors | 2009 |
The effect of tetramethylpyrazine on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Topics: Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Endothelial Cells; Glutathione Peroxidase; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidation-Reduction; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species; S Phase; Superoxide Dismutase | 2010 |
High-yield fermentative preparation of tetramethylpyrazine by Bacillus sp. using an endogenous precursor approach.
Topics: Acetoin; Bacillus subtilis; Carbon; Culture Media; Fermentation; Industrial Microbiology; Nitrogen; Oxygen; Pyrazines; Temperature | 2010 |
Inhibition of tetramethylpyrazine on P-gp, MRP2, MRP3 and MRP5 in multidrug resistant human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Topics: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line, Tumor; Doxorubicin; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Liver Neoplasms; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Pyrazines | 2010 |
Stabilization of mitochondrial function by tetramethylpyrazine protects against kainate-induced oxidative lesions in the rat hippocampus.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antioxidants; Calcium; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Hippocampus; Kainic Acid; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Mitochondria; Neurons; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2010 |
[Artificial neural network parameters optimization software and its application in the design of sustained release tablets].
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Design; Ligusticum; Neural Networks, Computer; Pyrazines; Software; Tablets | 2009 |
[The enhancing effect of borneol on the absorption of tetramethylpyrazine].
Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Camphanes; Herb-Drug Interactions; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2009 |
Protective action of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate against dilated cardiomyopathy in cTnT(R141W) transgenic mice.
Topics: Animals; Cadherins; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Echocardiography; Heart; Humans; Hypertrophy; Ligusticum; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Microfilament Proteins; Muscle Proteins; Mutation; Myocardium; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Troponin T | 2010 |
Tetramethylpyrazine promotes proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells from rat brain in hypoxic condition via mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Butadienes; Cell Differentiation; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Proliferation; Cerebral Cortex; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Nitriles; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phosphorylation; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stem Cells | 2010 |
[Relationship of tetramethylpyrazine on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and development of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats].
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression; Humans; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A | 2009 |
[Studies on protection and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine on myocardial injury of rats with DHF].
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Calcium-Transporting ATPases; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Heart Failure, Diastolic; Humans; Male; Myocardium; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ventricular Pressure | 2009 |
A feeding strategy for tetramethylpyrazine production by Bacillus subtilis based on the stimulating effect of ammonium phosphate.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Bioreactors; Fermentation; Phosphates; Pyrazines | 2010 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits production of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in lipopolysaccharide-induced N9 microglial cells through blockade of MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen specie
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus; Cell Survival; Cytosol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Free Radical Scavengers; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Microglia; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Oncogene Protein v-akt; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Signal Transduction | 2010 |
Alleviation of CCl4-induced cirrhosis in rats by tetramethylpyrazine is associated with downregulation of leptin and TGF-beta1 pathway.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Carbon Tetrachloride; Down-Regulation; Fibrinolytic Agents; Histocytochemistry; Leptin; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Leptin; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Smad3 Protein; Smad7 Protein; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 | 2010 |
Production of tetramethylpyrazine by batch culture of Bacillus subtilis with optimal pH control strategy.
Topics: Acetoin; Bacillus subtilis; Biomass; Culture Media; Fermentation; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pyrazines | 2010 |
[Effect of Ligusticum and its two main components on muscle atrophy in a hind limb unloaded rat model].
Topics: Animals; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Extremities; Female; Hemorheology; Hindlimb Suspension; Ligusticum; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Myosin Heavy Chains; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2010 |
Neuroprotection and enhanced neurogenesis by tetramethylpyrazine in adult rat brain after focal ischemia.
Topics: Adult Stem Cells; Aging; Animals; Body Water; Brain; Brain Infarction; Brain Ischemia; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stem Cell Niche | 2010 |
[Comparative study on pharmacokinetics of tetramethylpyrazine, ferulic acid and their compatibility].
Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Calibration; Coumaric Acids; Female; Linear Models; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results | 2010 |
Coadministration of huperzine A and ligustrazine phosphate effectively reverses scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alkaloids; Amnesia; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Glutathione Peroxidase; Hippocampus; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Scopolamine; Sesquiterpenes; Superoxide Dismutase | 2010 |
Endothelium-independent vasorelaxation by Ligusticum wallichii in isolated rat aorta: comparison of a butanolic fraction and tetramethylpyrazine, the main active component of Ligusticum wallichii.
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Butanols; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelium, Vascular; In Vitro Techniques; Ligusticum; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Potassium Channel Blockers; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Solubility; Time Factors; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasodilation | 2010 |
The protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine on cartilage explants and chondrocytes.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cartilage, Articular; Caspase 3; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chondrocytes; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glycosaminoglycans; Interleukin-1beta; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Methylene Blue; Proteoglycans; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tissue Culture Techniques; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 | 2010 |
[Effect of ligustrazine hydrocklorde on induced alcoholic fatty liver in vitro].
Topics: Cell Line; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic; Hepatocytes; Humans; Pyrazines | 2010 |
Additive effect of tetramethylpyrazine and deferoxamine in the treatment of spinal cord injury caused by aortic cross-clamping in rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aorta, Abdominal; Deferoxamine; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Siderophores; Spinal Cord Ischemia | 2011 |
Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on nitric oxide/cGMP signaling after cerebral vasospasm in rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Basilar Artery; Blotting, Western; Calcium Signaling; Cerebral Angiography; Cyclic GMP; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelial Cells; Male; Microscopy, Confocal; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Signal Transduction; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; Vasodilator Agents; Vasospasm, Intracranial | 2010 |
Synthesis of novel ligustrazine derivatives as NA+/H+ exchange inhibitors.
Topics: Animals; Benzamides; Cardiotonic Agents; Creatine Kinase; Disease Models, Animal; Myocardial Infarction; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2010 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the scores of the water maze and the long-term potentiation of hippocampus in epileptic Sprague Dawley rats].
Topics: Animals; Epilepsy; Hippocampus; Long-Term Potentiation; Male; Maze Learning; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2008 |
[The effects of tetramethylpyrazine on lung injury induced by brain ischemia/reperfusion].
Topics: Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Brain Ischemia; Lung Injury; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion Injury | 2006 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on expression of Fas/FasL in pulmonary injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rabbits].
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Fas Ligand Protein; fas Receptor; Lung; Lung Injury; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Reperfusion Injury; RNA, Messenger | 2007 |
[Effect of ligustrazine and L-arginine on function of mitochondria in myocardium after ischemia/reperfusion injury of myocardium in rabbits].
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Calcium; Malondialdehyde; Mitochondria, Heart; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Superoxide Dismutase | 2007 |
[Changes of the brain NSE, S100 and effect of ligustrazine in rats of chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia].
Topics: Animals; Brain; Hypercapnia; Hypoxia, Brain; Male; Nitric Oxide; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; S100 Proteins | 2002 |
[Effects of ligustrazin on lipid peroxidation during hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury].
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Female; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Reperfusion Injury; Superoxide Dismutase; Xanthine Oxidase | 2002 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on voltage-dependent channels in aortic smooth muscle of rat].
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Cells, Cultured; Chloride Channels; Male; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2002 |
[Effect of ligustrazine on the expression and activity of heme oxygenase-1 in the pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits].
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Heme Oxygenase-1; Lung; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Reperfusion Injury | 2005 |
[Determination of plasma protein binding rate of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate by ultrafiltration].
Topics: Animals; Apiaceae; Blood Proteins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Phosphates; Protein Binding; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sensitivity and Specificity; Ultrafiltration; Vasodilator Agents | 2010 |
Protective effects of ligustrazine, kakonein and Panax notoginsenosides on multiple organs in rats with severe acute pancreatitis.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Apoptosis; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ginsenosides; Isoflavones; Kidney; Liver; Male; Panax; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Saponins; Severity of Illness Index | 2010 |
[Inhibitory effect of TBN on platelet aggregation in rabbit].
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; Arachidonic Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Male; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Platelet Activating Factor; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rabbits | 2010 |
[Simultaneous determination of five effective components in Rhizoma Chuanxiong by RP-HPLC].
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Benzofurans; Calibration; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Pyrazines | 2010 |
[Permeability of blood-brain barrier oxygen-glucose deprivation induced by tetramethylpyrazine-puerarin in vitro].
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Drug Combinations; Glucose; Isoflavones; Male; Oxygen; Permeability; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2010 |
Effect of ligustrazine on mice model of hepatic veno-occlusive disease induced by Gynura segetum.
Topics: Animals; Asteraceae; Bilirubin; Biomarkers; Blotting, Western; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Early Growth Response Protein 1; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease; Liver; Mice; Pyrazines; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Serum Albumin; Thromboplastin; Time Factors; Transaminases; Transcription Factor RelA | 2011 |
[Pharmacokinetics studies on tetramethylpyrazine by intravenous administration in rats].
Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Biological Availability; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Half-Life; Injections; Ligusticum; Models, Animal; Molecular Structure; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasodilator Agents | 2010 |
[Protective effect of valsartan or/and ligustrazine on hippocampal neuronal loss in rats with vascular dementia].
Topics: Animals; Dementia, Vascular; Drug Synergism; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tetrazoles; Valine; Valsartan | 2011 |
Impacts of bicyclo-monoterpene enhancers on transdermal delivery of ligustrazine.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Camphanes; Camphor; Drug Carriers; Ligusticum; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Monoterpenes; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Skin; Skin Absorption; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Swine; Vasodilator Agents | 2010 |
Tetramethylpyrazine protects palmitate-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in C2C12 myotubes.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Glucose; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mice; Mitochondria, Muscle; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen Consumption; Palmitates; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2011 |
Pharmacokinetic study of a novel stroke therapeutic, 2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)oxidoimino]methyl]-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine, by a simple HPLC-UV method in rats.
Topics: Animals; Calibration; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Half-Life; Indicators and Reagents; Pyrazines; Quality Control; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Stroke | 2011 |
Ligustrazine formation in Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar: changes during fermentation and storing process.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Acetoin; China; Diacetyl; Fermentation; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Maillard Reaction; Pyrazines | 2011 |
Tetramethylpyrazine protects spinal cord and reduces inflammation in a rat model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blotting, Western; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Neurologic Examination; Neuroprotective Agents; Neutrophil Infiltration; NF-kappa B; Peroxidase; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Ischemia; Time Factors; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2011 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular leakage in rats via the ROS-HIF-VEGF pathway.
Topics: Animals; Capillary Permeability; Cell Hypoxia; Cells, Cultured; Endothelial Cells; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Lung; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors | 2011 |
Preparation of a ligustrazine ethosome patch and its evaluation in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Delayed-Action Preparations; Humans; Liposomes; Male; Nanomedicine; Particle Size; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Transdermal Patch; Vasodilator Agents | 2011 |
Ligustrazine improves atherosclerosis in rat via attenuation of oxidative stress.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Aorta, Thoracic; Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Diet, Atherogenic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Dyslipidemias; Ligusticum; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Liver Function Tests; Male; Oxidative Stress; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rhizome; Triglycerides; Vasodilator Agents | 2011 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on JAK-STAT signal transduction in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy].
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Hypertrophy; Janus Kinases; Myocytes, Cardiac; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction; STAT Transcription Factors | 2011 |
Tetramethylpyrazine reverses multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells through regulating the expression and function of P-glycoprotein.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; Blotting, Western; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Doxorubicin; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Female; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Pyrazines; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Vasodilator Agents | 2012 |
Ligustrazine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation by affecting P27, Bcl-2 expression in rat mesangial cells.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Cell Cycle; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Gene Expression Regulation; Lipopolysaccharides; Mesangial Cells; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2011 |
Protective effects and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine against lens opacification induced by sodium selenite in rats.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Catalase; Cataract; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glutathione Peroxidase; Lens, Crystalline; Ligusticum; Malondialdehyde; Photometry; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Selenite; Superoxide Dismutase | 2011 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits migration of SKOV3 human ovarian carcinoma cells and decreases the expression of interleukin-8 via the ERK1/2, p38 and AP-1 signaling pathways.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Survival; Coculture Techniques; Female; Genes, Reporter; Humans; Interleukin-8; Luciferases; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Monocytes; Ovarian Neoplasms; Phosphorylation; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic | 2011 |
Protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong on nephropathy in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Nephropathies; Kidney; Ligusticum; Male; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Protective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A | 2011 |
Chuanxiongzine-astragaloside IV decreases IL-1β and Caspase-3 gene expressions in rat brain damaged by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion: a study of real-time quantitative PCR assay.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Caspase 3; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reperfusion Injury; RNA, Messenger; Saponins; Triterpenes | 2011 |
Pharmacokinetics of ligustrazine ethosome patch in rats and anti-myocardial ischemia and anti-ischemic reperfusion injury effect.
Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Blood Viscosity; Chi-Square Distribution; Fibrinolytic Agents; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tissue Distribution; Transdermal Patch | 2011 |
Preparation and pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs of once-a-day tetramethylpyrazine phosphate sustained-release pellets.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Availability; Calcium Channel Blockers; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dogs; Male; Models, Animal; Phosphates; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Tablets; Vasodilator Agents | 2012 |
[Inhalation of aerosolized perfluorocarbon combined with tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates hemodynamics and pulmonary histopathology in a porcine model of acute lung injury].
Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fluorocarbons; Hemodynamics; Lung; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines; Swine | 2011 |
Microemulsion-based novel transdermal delivery system of tetramethylpyrazine: preparation and evaluation in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Emulsions; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Permeability; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skin; Skin Absorption; Surface-Active Agents; Transdermal Patch | 2011 |
Ligustrazine derivatives. Part 5: design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel ligustrazinyloxy-cinnamic acid derivatives as potent cardiovascular agents.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Agents; Cell Line; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Cinnamates; Cytoprotection; Drug Design; Endothelial Cells; Platelet Aggregation; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2011 |
Protective effect of ligustrazine against myocardial ischaemia reperfusion in rats: the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cardiotonic Agents; Caspase 3; Enzyme Inhibitors; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Oxidative Stress; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; Phosphorylation; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serine; Signal Transduction | 2012 |
Effects of ligustrazine on ureteral obstruction-induced renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; Cell Line; Collagen; Connective Tissue Growth Factor; Cytokines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Fibrosis; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Keratin-18; Kidney Tubules; Ligusticum; Macrophages; Male; Models, Animal; Myofibroblasts; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Ureteral Obstruction; Vasodilator Agents | 2012 |
Microemulsion-based patch for transdermal delivery of huperzine A and ligustrazine phosphate in treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Alkaloids; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Therapy, Combination; Emulsions; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sesquiterpenes; Skin Absorption; Time Factors; Transdermal Patch; Vasodilator Agents | 2012 |
Effects of Ligustrazine on pancreatic and renal damage after scald injury.
Topics: Amylases; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Burns; Creatinine; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney; Male; Malondialdehyde; Models, Animal; Pancreas; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Superoxide Dismutase; Time Factors; Vasodilator Agents | 2012 |
Six alkaloids inhibit secretion of IL-1α, TXB(2), ET-1 and E-selectin in LPS-induced endothelial cells.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Benzylisoquinolines; Cells, Cultured; Down-Regulation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; E-Selectin; Endothelin-1; Endothelium, Vascular; Evodia; Humans; Interleukin-1alpha; Lipopolysaccharides; Morphinans; Proline; Pyrazines; Quinazolines; Quinolizines; Swine; Thromboxane B2 | 2012 |
Protective effects of ligustrazine on TNF-α-induced endothelial dysfunction.
Topics: Autoimmunity; Biomarkers; Chaperonin 60; Down-Regulation; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Nitric Oxide; Pyrazines; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2012 |
Protective effects of Ligustrazine, Kakonein and Panax Notoginsenoside on the small intestine and immune organs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Immunity; Intestine, Small; Isoflavones; Ligusticum; Lymphoid Tissue; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Severity of Illness Index; Vasodilator Agents | 2011 |
Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates PPAR-γ antagonist-deteriorated oxazolone-induced colitis in mice.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cyclooxygenase 2; Male; Mice; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Oxazolone; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phosphorylation; PPAR gamma; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Transcription Factor RelA; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2012 |
Synergistic protective effect of astragaloside IV-tetramethylpyrazine against cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury induced by transient focal ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Astragalus Plant; Cardiovascular Agents; Caspase 3; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Synergism; Glucose; Hippocampus; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male; Malondialdehyde; Neuroprotective Agents; Nimodipine; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Positron-Emission Tomography; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; RNA, Messenger; Saponins; Superoxide Dismutase; Triterpenes | 2012 |
Ginsenoside-Rb1 and tetramethylpyrazine phosphate act synergistically to prevent dilated cardiomyopathy in cTnTR141W transgenic mice.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Calcium; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; Calmodulin; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Echocardiography; Gene Expression Regulation; Ginsenosides; Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Pyrazines; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2012 |
Ligustrazine derivatives. Part 4: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel ligustrazine-based stilbene derivatives as potential cardiovascular agents.
Topics: Cardiovascular Agents; Drug Design; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Stilbenes; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2012 |
[Molecular mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine to induce human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cells differentiation].
Topics: Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Pyrazines | 2011 |
Ligustrazine attenuates acute lung injury induced by blunt chest trauma.
Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Caspase 3; Male; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pulmonary Edema; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Thoracic Injuries; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Wounds, Nonpenetrating | 2012 |
Tetramethylpyrazine potentiates arsenic trioxide activity against HL-60 cell lines.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Arsenic Trioxide; Arsenicals; Blotting, Western; Cell Cycle; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Drug Synergism; Flow Cytometry; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Oxides; Pyrazines; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2012 |
A modified LC-MS/MS method for determination of tetramethylpyrazine in microdialysis samples and calibration of home-made linear probes.
Topics: Abdomen; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Calibration; Chromatography, Liquid; Drug Stability; Electrodes, Implanted; Equipment Design; Linear Models; Male; Microdialysis; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sensitivity and Specificity; Subcutaneous Tissue; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2012 |
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by tetramethylpyrazine and its effects on A549 cell invasion and metastasis.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Dinoprostone; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Lung Neoplasms; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Melphalan; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Pyrazines; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays | 2012 |
Effects of Ligustrazine on pulmonary damage in rats following scald injury.
Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Burns; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; Immunohistochemistry; Lung; Male; Malondialdehyde; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Spleen; Superoxide Dismutase; Vasodilator Agents | 2012 |
TMP prevents retinal neovascularization and imparts neuroprotection in an oxygen-induced retinopathy model.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Ligusticum; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microscopy, Confocal; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxygen; Pyrazines; Reperfusion Injury; Retinal Neovascularization; Retinal Neurons; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vasodilator Agents | 2012 |
Ligustrazine phosphate ethosomes for treatment of Alzheimer's disease, in vitro and in animal model studies.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Administration, Cutaneous; Alzheimer Disease; Amnesia; Animals; Antioxidants; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Carriers; Escape Reaction; Ethanol; Glutathione Peroxidase; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Memory; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mice, Nude; Microscopy, Confocal; Permeability; Phosphatidylcholines; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Scopolamine; Skin; Skin Absorption; Superoxide Dismutase; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Time Factors | 2012 |
Therapeutic effects of tetramethylpyrazine nitrone in rat ischemic stroke models.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Free Radical Scavengers; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recovery of Function | 2012 |
Interaction of tetramethylpyrazine with two serum albumins by a hybrid spectroscopic method.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Cattle; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Ligusticum; Protein Binding; Pyrazines; Serum Albumin; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared | 2012 |
Integrated investigation of lipidome and related signaling pathways uncovers molecular mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine and butylidenephthalide protecting endothelial cells under oxidative stress.
Topics: Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cluster Analysis; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lipid Metabolism; Oxidative Stress; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipases A2, Cytosolic; Phthalic Anhydrides; Principal Component Analysis; Protective Agents; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction | 2012 |
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new ligustrazine derivatives as anti-tumor agents.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Chick Embryo; Chorioallantoic Membrane; Drug Discovery; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Lethal Dose 50; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Pyrazines | 2012 |
Evaluation of antioxidant and immunity function of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate tablets in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cardiotonic Agents; Catalase; Glutathione Peroxidase; Heart; Heart Failure; Interleukin-6; Isoproterenol; Malondialdehyde; Organ Size; Organophosphates; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Superoxide Dismutase; Tablets; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ventricular Function, Left | 2012 |
Ligustrazine attenuates myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway.
Topics: Animals; Creatine Kinase, MB Form; Enzyme Activation; Malondialdehyde; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Oxidative Stress; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; Superoxide Dismutase | 2012 |
[The preparation and evaluation of tissue inducible nerve guide conduit].
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Chitosan; Collagen; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Microspheres; Nerve Regeneration; Pyrazines; Rats; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds | 2012 |
[Effects of ligustrazine on the mitochondrial structure and functions in the process myocardial hypertrophy].
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cells, Cultured; Electron Transport Complex IV; Mitochondria, Heart; Monoamine Oxidase; Myocytes, Cardiac; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2012 |
Preparation of natural borneol/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and its effect on the absorption of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate in mouse.
Topics: 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; Absorption; Animals; beta-Cyclodextrins; Biological Availability; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Camphanes; Drug Stability; Mice; Pyrazines; Solubility; X-Ray Diffraction | 2012 |
[Effect of Ligustrazine on expressions of FoXO3a, MAFbx, and MuRF1 in denervated skeletal muscle atrophy rats].
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Forkhead Box Protein O3; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Gene Expression Regulation; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Muscle Denervation; Muscle Proteins; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases; Time Factors; Tripartite Motif Proteins; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases | 2012 |
Tetramethylpyrazine-mediated suppression of C6 gliomas involves inhibition of chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Survival; Gene Expression; Glioma; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, CXCR4; Remission Induction; Tumor Burden; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays | 2012 |
Ligustrazine derivatives. Part 6: design, synthesis and evaluation of novel ligustrazinyl acylguanidine derivatives as potential cardiovascular agents.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Agents; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Drug Design; Endothelial Cells; Guanidines; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2012 |
[Effect of different compatibility of tetramethylpyrazine on its pharmacokinetics in vivo].
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Diterpenes; Drug Interactions; Female; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2012 |
[Comparison of the brain pharmacokinetics of nasal tetramethylpyrazine phosphate pH-sensitive in situ gel in normal rats and model rats].
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Area Under Curve; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Gels; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Microdialysis; Phosphates; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2012 |
Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on cardiac function and mortality rate in septic rats.
Topics: Animals; Heart Function Tests; Male; Myocardium; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sepsis; Stroke Volume; Survival Analysis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ultrasonography | 2012 |
Development of ligustrazine-loaded lipid emulsion: formulation optimization, characterization and biodistribution.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Stability; Emulsions; Erythrocytes; Glycerol; Hemolysis; Lecithins; Male; Oleic Acid; Poloxamer; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Soybean Oil; Tissue Distribution | 2012 |
[Protective effect of ligustrazine hydrochloride on homocysteine-injured ECV304 cells].
Topics: Cytoprotection; Homocysteine; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Pyrazines | 2012 |
[Protective effect of Ligustrazine preconditioning on hepatic energy metabolism in ischemia/reperfusion injury of rat].
Topics: Animals; Energy Metabolism; Ischemic Preconditioning; Liver; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion Injury | 2012 |
Ligustrazine attenuates oxidative stress-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells by interrupting platelet-derived growth factor-β receptor-mediated ERK and p38 pathways.
Topics: Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Blotting, Western; Cell Proliferation; Flow Cytometry; Genetic Markers; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Hydrogen Peroxide; Indicators and Reagents; Liver Cirrhosis; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Oxidants; Oxidative Stress; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phosphorylation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; RNA | 2012 |
Tissue distribution and targeting evaluation of TMP after oral administration of TMP-loaded microemulsion to mice.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Area Under Curve; Biological Transport; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Delivery Systems; Emulsions; Mice; Pyrazines; Solubility; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution | 2013 |
Effect of Xiongbing compound on the pharmacokinetics and brain targeting of tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Brain; Camphanes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Drug Combinations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Emulsions; Half-Life; Herb-Drug Interactions; Male; Microdialysis; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Distribution; Vasodilator Agents | 2012 |
The effect of ligustrazine on L-type calcium current, calcium transient and contractility in rabbit ventricular myocytes.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Female; Heart Ventricles; Isoproterenol; Male; Myocardial Contraction; Myocytes, Cardiac; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Sympathomimetics; Ventricular Function | 2012 |
Neuroprotective effects of tanshinone IIA and/or tetramethylpyrazine in cerebral ischemic injury in vivo and in vitro.
Topics: Abietanes; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biomarkers; Brain Ischemia; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Primary Cell Culture; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Treatment Outcome | 2012 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in acute spinal cord injury in rats].
Topics: Animals; Immunohistochemistry; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2012 |
Tetramethylpyrazine accelerates the function recovery of traumatic spinal cord in rat model by attenuating inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cell Count; Cytokines; Hindlimb; I-kappa B Proteins; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammation; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; Male; Motor Activity; Neutrophil Infiltration; NF-kappa B; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recovery of Function; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2013 |
Ligustrazine and the contractile properties of soleus muscle in hindlimb-unloaded rats.
Topics: Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drinking; Eating; Female; Hindlimb Suspension; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Myocardium; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases | 2012 |
Protective action of tetramethylpyrazine on the medulla oblongata in rats with chronic hypoxia.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypoxia; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Superoxide Dismutase | 2013 |
Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on neuronal apoptosis in the superficial dorsal horn in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Caspase 3; Disease Models, Animal; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Male; Neuralgia; Neurons; Posterior Horn Cells; Pyrazines; Rats | 2012 |
Tetramethylpyrazine induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and stimulates mitochondrial-mediated and caspase-dependent apoptosis through modulating ERK/p53 signaling in hepatic stellate cells in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Caspases; Cell Proliferation; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Hepatocytes; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mitochondria; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pyrazines; Rats; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 | 2013 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on nitric oxide synthase activity and calcium ion concentration of skeletal muscle in hindlimb unloading rats].
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Female; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Muscular Disorders, Atrophic; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2012 |
Precursor supply strategy for tetramethylpyrazine production by bacillus subtilis on solid-state fermentation of wheat bran.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Dietary Fiber; Fermentation; Pyrazines | 2013 |
Development of a reservoir-type transdermal delivery system containing eucalyptus oil for tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Eucalyptus; Eucalyptus Oil; Female; Humans; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Organ Culture Techniques; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skin Absorption | 2013 |
Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates atherosclerosis development and protects endothelial cells from ox-LDL.
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Abdominal; Atherosclerosis; Cell Adhesion; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, Dietary; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelial Cells; Immunohistochemistry; Ligusticum; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Triglycerides | 2013 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on Nogo gene regulation of the proliferation in cardiac fibroblast].
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Collagen Type I; Fibroblasts; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Myelin Proteins; Myocytes, Cardiac; Nogo Proteins; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 2012 |
Tetramethylpyrazine prevents contrast-induced nephropathy by inhibiting p38 MAPK and FoxO1 signaling pathways.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Apoptosis; Contrast Media; Disease Models, Animal; Forkhead Transcription Factors; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney Cortex Necrosis; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Nerve Tissue Proteins; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Signal Transduction | 2013 |
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) protects cerebral neurocytes and inhibits glioma by down regulating chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Brain Neoplasms; Calcium; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Chemokine CXCL12; Down-Regulation; Glioma; Hydrogen Peroxide; Neurons; Pyrazines; Rats; Receptors, CXCR4 | 2013 |
Tetramethylpyrazine decreases hypothalamic glutamate, hydroxyl radicals and prostaglandin-E2 and has antipyretic effects.
Topics: Animals; Antipyretics; Body Temperature; Dinoprostone; Glutamic Acid; Hydroxyl Radical; Hypothalamus; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2013 |
Identification and characterization of a tetramethylpyrazine catabolic pathway in Rhodococcus jostii TMP1.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli; Fluorometry; Gene Expression Profiling; Hydrolysis; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Molecular Sequence Data; Pyrazines; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rhodococcus; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2013 |
Spectroscopic analysis on the interaction of ferulic acid and tetramethylpyrazine with trypsin.
Topics: Circular Dichroism; Coumaric Acids; Molecular Docking Simulation; Pyrazines; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Thermodynamics; Trypsin | 2014 |
Antiviral effects of the constituents derived from Chinese herb medicines on infectious bursal disease virus.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Drug Discovery; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fibroblasts; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Infectious bursal disease virus; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Kinetics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; Pyrazines; Virus Replication | 2013 |
Tetramethylpyrazine reduces cellular inflammatory response following permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Ly; Brain Edema; Brain Ischemia; CD11b Antigen; Cerebral Infarction; Encephalitis; Fibrinolytic Agents; Functional Laterality; Gene Expression Regulation; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); Leukocyte Common Antigens; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuroglia; Neurons; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2013 |
[Experimental studies on pharmacokinetics of three components in Buyanghuanwu injection on base of total quantum statistical moment].
Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Models, Statistical; Monoterpenes; Pyrazines; Rats; Saponins; Triterpenes | 2013 |
Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates TNF-α-induced iNOS expression in human endothelial cells: Involvement of Syk-mediated activation of PI3K-IKK-IκB signaling pathways.
Topics: Cell Nucleus; Endothelial Cells; Endothelium, Vascular; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; I-kappa B Kinase; I-kappa B Proteins; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; NF-kappa B; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphorylation; Protein Transport; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Proteolysis; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Stilbenes; Syk Kinase; Transcription, Genetic; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2013 |
Pharmacokinetic variations of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate after oral administration in hepatic precancerous mice and its hepatoprotective effects.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Area Under Curve; Diethylnitrosamine; Liver; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Male; Mice; Phosphates; Precancerous Conditions; Pyrazines | 2014 |
Tetramethylpyrazine upregulates the aquaporin 8 expression of hepatocellular mitochondria in septic rats.
Topics: Animals; Aquaporins; Calcium Channel Blockers; Disease Models, Animal; Hepatocytes; Liver Diseases; Male; Mitochondria, Liver; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sepsis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Up-Regulation | 2013 |
[Effects of combination of Salvia and Ligustrazine on TNF-α and TGF-β1 in serum and BALF of rats with pulmonary fibrosis].
Topics: Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Lung; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Salvia; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2013 |
[Effects of ginseng and ligusticum drug containing serum on the ERK pathway, proliferation, and vitality of neural stem cells undergoing oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation culture].
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Female; Ligusticum; Male; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Neural Stem Cells; Panax; Phosphorylation; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2013 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and tumor necrosis factor-α secretion through an NF-κB-dependent mechanism.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Cell Enlargement; Cells, Cultured; Enzyme Activation; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypertrophy; Myocytes, Cardiac; NF-kappa B; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Transport; Pyrazines; Rats; Signal Transduction; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2013 |
Brain microdialysate, CSF and plasma pharmacokinetics of ligustrazine hydrochloride in rats after intranasal and intravenous administration.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Brain; Fibrinolytic Agents; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Microdialysis; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2013 |
Intravenous administration of tetramethylpyrazine reduces intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Animals; Apoptosis; Disease Models, Animal; Goblet Cells; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion; Paneth Cells; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion Injury; Vasodilator Agents | 2013 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation via downregulation of NF-κB in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Nucleus; Cell Proliferation; Cyclin D1; Down-Regulation; Female; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Gene Expression; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Osteosarcoma; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Transcription Factor RelA; Tumor Burden; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays | 2013 |
Tetramethylpyrazine protects against scopolamine-induced memory impairments in rats by reversing the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Carrier Proteins; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Homer Scaffolding Proteins; Male; Maze Learning; Memory Disorders; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neuroprotective Agents; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA; Scopolamine; Signal Transduction; Transcription, Genetic | 2013 |
[Study on preparation of ligustrazine ocular implant and correlation between in vivo and in vitro drug release].
Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Drug Implants; Eye; Female; Male; Polyglycolic Acid; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Vitreous Body | 2013 |
[Effects of ligustrazine on extracellular dopamine levels in rat brain dialysate].
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrochemical Techniques; Hippocampus; Injections, Subcutaneous; Ligusticum; Male; Microdialysis; Nucleus Accumbens; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Prefrontal Cortex; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2013 |
Microdialysis sampling for investigations of tetramethylpyrazine following transdermal and intraperitoneal administration.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Brain; Gels; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Microdialysis; Plasma; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skin | 2013 |
Ligustrazine derivatives. Part 8: design, synthesis, and preliminary biological evaluation of novel Ligustrazinyl amides as cardiovascular agents.
Topics: Amides; Cardiovascular Agents; Cells, Cultured; Drug Design; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2014 |
Tetramethylpyrazine reduces glucose and insulin-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting insulin receptor-mediated PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Extracellular Matrix; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Fibrosis; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Homeostasis; Insulin; Male; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Insulin; Signal Transduction | 2014 |
[Preparation and in vitro permeation of tetramethylpyrazine hydrochloride transdermal gel].
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Gels; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Permeability; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2013 |
An automated dual-gradient liquid chromatography-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of ferulic acid, ligustrazine and ligustilide in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Absorption; Administration, Oral; Animals; Automation; Calibration; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Plant Extracts; Pressure; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Sulfamethoxazole; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2014 |
Synthesis and protective effect of new ligustrazine-benzoic acid derivatives against CoCl2-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells.
Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cobalt; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; PC12 Cells; Pyrazines; Rats | 2013 |
A new ligustrazine derivative--pharmacokinetic evaluation and antitumor activity by suppression of NF-kappaB/p65 and COX-2 expression in S180 mice.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Calibration; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Drug Stability; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Limit of Detection; Male; Mice; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Sarcoma 180; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Transcription Factor RelA | 2013 |
Effects of Ligustrazine on DNA damage and apoptosis induced by irradiation.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Comet Assay; Cytokines; DNA Damage; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Flow Cytometry; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Gamma Rays; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; In Situ Hybridization; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oncogene Protein v-akt; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phosphorylation; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2013 |
Ligustrazine attenuates elevated levels of indoxyl sulfate, kidney injury molecule-1 and clusterin in rats exposed to cadmium.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cadmium; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Clusterin; Indican; Kidney; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Superoxide Dismutase | 2014 |
Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on microglia activation in spinal cord compression injury of mice.
Topics: Animals; Cyclooxygenase 2; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-1beta; Ligusticum; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microglia; Neuroprotective Agents; Neutrophil Infiltration; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Compression; Spinal Cord Injuries; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Up-Regulation | 2013 |
The novel tetramethylpyrazine bis-nitrone (TN-2) protects against MPTP/MPP+-induced neurotoxicity via inhibition of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Immunoblotting; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mitochondria; MPTP Poisoning; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2014 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the proliferation and collagen synthesis of vascular smooth muscle cells].
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Collagen; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Pyrazines; Rats; RNA, Messenger | 2013 |
Therapeutic effects of multifunctional tetramethylpyrazine nitrone on models of Parkinson's disease in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; Animals; Antioxidants; Behavior, Animal; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Dopaminergic Neurons; Humans; Ligusticum; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Nitrogen Oxides; Oxidative Stress; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Substantia Nigra; Zebrafish | 2014 |
2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine of Ephedra sinica regulates melanogenesis and inflammation in a UVA-induced melanoma/keratinocytes co-culture system.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Coculture Techniques; Cytokines; Ephedra sinica; Humans; Inflammation; Keratinocytes; Melanins; Melanoma, Experimental; Mice; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Nitric Oxide; Pyrazines; Ultraviolet Rays | 2014 |
Combination use of ferulic acid, ligustrazine and tetrahydropalmatine inhibits the growth of ectopic endometrial tissue: a multi-target therapy for endometriosis rats.
Topics: Animals; Berberine Alkaloids; Choristoma; Coumaric Acids; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Estradiol; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; I-kappa B Proteins; Interleukin-1beta; Luteinizing Hormone; Macrophages, Peritoneal; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; Phagocytosis; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2014 |
Nuclear quadrupole resonance investigation of hydrogen bonding in some cocrystals of 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine and carboxylic acids.
Topics: Carboxylic Acids; Crystallization; Hydrogen Bonding; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Pyrazines | 2014 |
Tetramethylpyrazine analogue CXC195 protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis through PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway in rats.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Brain Ischemia; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Oncogene Protein v-akt; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; Piperazines; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion Injury; Signal Transduction | 2014 |
Tetramethylpyrazine improves oxazolone-induced colitis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.
Topics: Animals; Caco-2 Cells; Colitis; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Mice; NF-kappa B; Oxazolone; Oxidative Stress; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction | 2014 |
Inhibition of angiogenesis, fibrosis and thrombosis by tetramethylpyrazine: mechanisms contributing to the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Cell Line; Cell Movement; Chemokine CXCL12; Cornea; Humans; Lung; Male; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, CXCR4; Signal Transduction; Thrombosis | 2014 |
Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Aorta; Electron Transport Complex III; Endothelial Cells; Endothelium, Vascular; Glucose; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mitochondrial Turnover; Nitric Oxide; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Up-Regulation; Vasodilation | 2014 |
DLJ14, a novel chemo-sensitization agent, enhances therapeutic effects of adriamycin against MCF-7/A cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Breast Neoplasms; Doxorubicin; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Female; Herb-Drug Interactions; Humans; Ligusticum; MCF-7 Cells; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines | 2014 |
[Effect of Apollon siRNA combined with tetramethylpyrazine on proliferation and apoptosis of leukemia K562 cells].
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; K562 Cells; Pyrazines; RNA, Small Interfering | 2014 |
[Effect of Tetramethyl pyrazine on serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-2, and NO and PGE2 in the synovial fluid of CIA rats: an experimental research].
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Dinoprostone; Female; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-6; Male; Nitric Oxide; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synovial Fluid | 2014 |
Neuroprotective effects of tetramethylpyrazine against dopaminergic neuron injury in a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by MPTP.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Caspase 3; Cytochromes c; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Dopaminergic Neurons; Down-Regulation; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Male; MPTP Poisoning; Neuroprotective Agents; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Rats, Wistar; Up-Regulation | 2014 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits angiotensin II-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells associated with interference of platelet-derived growth factor β receptor pathways.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Division; Cell Proliferation; Flow Cytometry; G2 Phase; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Male; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases | 2014 |
Ligustrazine corrects Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 imbalance in a mouse asthma model.
Topics: Animals; Asthma; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Eosinophils; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Homeostasis; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neutrophils; Ovalbumin; Pyrazines; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Th1-Th2 Balance; Th17 Cells; Transcription Factors | 2014 |
Tetramethylpyrazine promotes the proliferation and migration of brain endothelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelial Cells; Fas Ligand Protein; Mice; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vasodilator Agents | 2014 |
Inhibitory effect of tetramethylpyrazine preconditioning on overload training-induced myocardial apoptosis in rats.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Caspase 3; Caspase 9; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Myocardium; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2015 |
Anti-proliferation effects and molecular mechanisms of action of tetramethypyrazine on human SGC-7901 gastric carcinoma cells.
Topics: Apoptosis; Blotting, Western; Carcinoma; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cyclin D1; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Down-Regulation; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Neoplasm Proteins; NF-kappa B; Pyrazines; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Stomach Neoplasms; Up-Regulation | 2014 |
[Investigation of metabolic kinetics and reaction phenotyping of ligustrazin by using liver microsomes and recombinant human enzymes].
Topics: Animals; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Drug Interactions; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Ligusticum; Microsomes, Liver; NADP; Pyrazines; Rats; Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid | 2014 |
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) protects against sodium arsenite-induced nephrotoxicity by suppressing ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and programed cell death.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Arsenites; Autophagy; Biomarkers; Cell Line; Cytoprotection; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutathione; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mitochondria; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Sodium Compounds; Time Factors | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine, a natural alkaloid, attenuates pro-inflammatory mediators induced by amyloid β and interferon-γ in rat brain microglia.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Brain; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CCL2; Hippocampus; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Mice; Microglia; Neurons; NF-kappa B; Nitric Oxide; Peptide Fragments; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2014 |
Effects and mechanism of action of ligustrazine on isoprenaline-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Signaling; Cardiomegaly; Cardiotonic Agents; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Hypertrophy; Isoproterenol; Myocytes, Cardiac; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2014 |
Tetramethylpyrazine alleviated cytokine synthesis and dopamine deficit and improved motor dysfunction in the mice model of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Benzofurans; Corpus Striatum; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Neurons; Parkinsonian Disorders; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Postural Balance; Psychomotor Performance; Pyrazines; Quinolines; Vasodilator Agents | 2014 |
[Effect of tetramethylpyrazine and rat CTGF miRNA plasmids on connective tissue growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta in high glucose stimulated hepatic stellate cells].
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Collagen Type I; Connective Tissue Growth Factor; Culture Media; Glucose; Hepatic Stellate Cells; MicroRNAs; Plasmids; Pyrazines; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Transfection; Transforming Growth Factor beta | 2014 |
Induction of human CYP3A4 by huperzine A, ligustrazine and oridonin through pregnane X receptor-mediated pathways.
Topics: Alkaloids; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Enzyme Induction; Genes, Reporter; Humans; Plasmids; Pregnane X Receptor; Pyrazines; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Steroid; RNA, Messenger; Sesquiterpenes; Signal Transduction; Transfection | 2014 |
Expression of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 and placental growth factor in fetal growth restriction cases and intervention effect of tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Animals; Female; Fetal Development; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Placenta; Placenta Growth Factor; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Proteins; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; Vasodilator Agents | 2014 |
Tetramethylpyrazine promotes SH-SY5Y cell differentiation into neurons through epigenetic regulation of Topoisomerase IIβ.
Topics: Acetylation; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; DNA-Binding Proteins; Epigenesis, Genetic; Histones; Humans; Neurites; Neuroblastoma; Neurons; Pyrazines | 2014 |
Effect of ligustrazine on levels of amino acid neurotransmitters in rat striatum after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Corpus Striatum; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Microdialysis; Molecular Structure; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Taurine; Time Factors | 2014 |
A novel tetramethylpyrazine bis-nitrone (TN-2) protects against 6-hydroxyldopamine-induced neurotoxicity via modulation of the NF-κB and the PKCα/PI3-K/Akt pathways.
Topics: Animals; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; NF-kappa B; Oxidopamine; PC12 Cells; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Protein Kinase C-alpha; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; Zebrafish | 2014 |
Digital gene expression analysis of the pathogenesis and therapeutic mechanisms of ligustrazine and puerarin in rat atherosclerosis.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Gene Expression; Gene Ontology; Isoflavones; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2014 |
[Ligustrazine fought against cisplatin induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs].
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cisplatin; Cochlea; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; Guinea Pigs; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2014 |
Tetramethylpyrazine suppresses transient oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced connexin32 expression and cell apoptosis via the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathway in cultured hippocampal neurons.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cells, Cultured; Connexins; Gap Junction beta-1 Protein; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Glucose; Hippocampus; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Neurons; Oxygen; Phosphorylation; Pyrazines; Rats, Wistar; RNA Interference | 2014 |
[Synthesis and protective effect of ligustrazine intermediates against CoCl2-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cell].
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Cobalt; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxins; PC12 Cells; Pyrazines; Rats | 2014 |
Study on the interaction between ligustrazine and 12-tungstophosphoric acid using resonance Rayleigh scattering and resonance nonlinear scattering spectra, and its analytical applications.
Topics: Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Limit of Detection; Phosphoric Acids; Pyrazines; Scattering, Radiation; Solvents; Spectrophotometry; Tablets; Tungsten Compounds | 2015 |
Amino acid derivatives of ligustrazine-oleanolic acid as new cytotoxic agents.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cytotoxins; HeLa Cells; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Neoplasms; Oleanolic Acid; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vasodilator Agents | 2014 |
Ultrasound-enhanced protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Topics: Animals; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Brain Ischemia; Glutamic Acid; High-Energy Shock Waves; Interleukin-8; Ligusticum; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; PC12 Cells; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Superoxide Dismutase; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vasodilator Agents | 2014 |
Tetramethylpyrazine analogue CXC195 ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation via PI3K/Akt signaling.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Humans; Male; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Piperazines; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion Injury; Signal Transduction | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine protects lymphocytes from radiation-induced apoptosis through nuclear factor-κB.
Topics: Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Cell Line; Cell Survival; DNA Fragmentation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Lymphocytes; NF-kappa B; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Radiation-Protective Agents | 2014 |
The combination of astragalus membranaceus and ligustrazine ameliorates micro-haemorrhage by maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity in cerebrally ischaemic rats.
Topics: Animals; Astragalus Plant; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Ischemia; Disease Models, Animal; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2014 |
iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of tetramethylpyrazine inhibition on lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Gene Expression; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophage Activation; Mice; Microglia; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Proteomics; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction | 2015 |
Preparation and evaluation of a novel biodegradable long-acting intravitreal implant containing ligustrazine for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Topics: Absorbable Implants; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Delayed-Action Preparations; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Carriers; Female; Lactic Acid; Male; Polyglycolic Acid; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Polymers; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Retina; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative; Vitreous Body | 2015 |
Effects of miR-9 and tetramethylpyrazine on activation of hepatic stellate cells.
Topics: Actins; Collagen Type I; Gene Expression Regulation; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Humans; Janus Kinase 1; Leptin; Ligusticum; Liver Cirrhosis; MicroRNAs; Phosphorylation; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Transfection; Up-Regulation | 2015 |
Attenuation of streptomycin ototoxicity by tetramethylpyrazine in guinea pig cochlea.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Auditory Threshold; Cochlea; Guinea Pigs; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer; Hearing; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Prospective Studies; Pyrazines; Streptomycin | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in Mice Through Promotion of BDNF Signaling Pathway.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Depressive Disorder; Disease Models, Animal; Hippocampus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Motor Activity; Neurogenesis; Neuropsychological Tests; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Tryptophan Hydroxylase | 2015 |
High-intensity ultrasound production of Maillard reaction flavor compounds in a cysteine-xylose model system.
Topics: Cysteine; Flavoring Agents; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Maillard Reaction; Pyrazines; Thiophenes; Ultrasonic Waves; Xylose | 2015 |
Novel Oxazolidinone Antibacterial Analogues with a Substituted Ligustrazine C-ring Unit.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cell Line; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Interleukin-6; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitric Oxide; Oxazolidinones; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2015 |
Ligustrazine attenuates the platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells by interrupting extracellular signal-regulated kinase and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Becaplermin; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cyclic GMP; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nitric Oxide; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction | 2015 |
Ligustrazine Suppresses the Growth of HRPC Cells through the Inhibition of Cap- Dependent Translation Via Both the mTOR and the MEK/ERK Pathways.
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; Humans; Male; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Phosphorylation; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Biosynthesis; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine enhances vascularization and prevents osteonecrosis in steroid-treated rats.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Bone Density; Down-Regulation; Femur Head; Male; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteonecrosis; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction; Steroids; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits the proliferation of acute lymphocytic leukemia cell lines via decrease in GSK-3β.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; Cyclooxygenase 2; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Humans; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; Jurkat Cells; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; Pyrazines; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Survivin; Transcription Factor RelA | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) exerts antitumor effects by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Blotting, Western; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flow Cytometry; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine reduces inflammation in liver fibrosis and inhibits inflammatory cytokine expression in hepatic stellate cells by modulating NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Caspase 1; Cytokines; Hepatocytes; Inflammasomes; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits CoCl2 -induced neurotoxicity through enhancement of Nrf2/GCLc/GSH and suppression of HIF1α/NOX2/ROS pathways.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Blotting, Western; Cell Hypoxia; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; Cobalt; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Glutathione; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Male; Membrane Glycoproteins; NADPH Oxidase 2; NADPH Oxidases; Neuroprotective Agents; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; PC12 Cells; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Transfection | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Ameliorated Hypoxia-Induced Myocardial Cell Apoptosis via HIF-1α/JNK/p38 and IGFBP3/BNIP3 Inhibition to Upregulate PI3K/Akt Survival Signaling.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Gene Expression Regulation; Myoblasts, Cardiac; Myocytes, Cardiac; Pyrazines; Rats; Signal Transduction | 2015 |
The Neuroprotective Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine Against Contusive Spinal Cord Injury by Activating PGC-1α in Rats.
Topics: Animals; Locomotion; Male; Models, Biological; Neuroprotective Agents; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord Injuries; Transcription Factors | 2015 |
A Potent Multi-functional Neuroprotective Derivative of Tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Antioxidants; Cells, Cultured; Hydrazones; Mice; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; PC12 Cells; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2015 |
Screening bioactive compounds from Ligusticum chuanxiong by high density immobilized human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Topics: Endothelium, Vascular; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Ligusticum; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microspheres; Molecular Docking Simulation; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; Surface Properties; Umbilical Veins; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A | 2015 |
[The effect of ligustrazin in intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury generated on rats].
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Ileum; Jejunum; Male; Mesenteric Ischemia; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion Injury; Vasodilator Agents | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits neutrophil activation following permanent cerebral ischemia in rats.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cells, Cultured; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Neutrophil Activation; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction | 2015 |
Ligustrazine effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary damage in rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Cell-Derived Microparticles; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelial Cells; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lipopolysaccharides; Lung; Lung Injury; Male; Oxygen; Partial Pressure; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; rho-Associated Kinases; Sepsis; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vasodilator Agents | 2015 |
[Design, synthesis and anti-platelet aggregation activities of ligustrazine-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives].
Topics: Drug Design; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Tetrahydroisoquinolines | 2015 |
A UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, rosmarinic acid, and ligustrazine in rat plasma, and its application to pharmacokinetic studies of Shenxiong glucose injection in rats.
Topics: Animals; Benzaldehydes; Catechols; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cinnamates; Depsides; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Injections, Intravenous; Lactates; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Male; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Rosmarinic Acid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2015 |
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of Chf197, a ligustrazine derivative, in rats.
Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Biotransformation; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Half-Life; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Methacrylates; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization | 2015 |
Evaluation of ligustrazine on the prevention of experimentally induced abdominal adhesions in rats.
Topics: Abdomen; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Ascitic Fluid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Pyrazines; Rats, Wistar; Smad Proteins; Tissue Adhesions; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2015 |
A modified "double-hit" induced acute lung injury model in rats and protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the injury via Rho/ROCK pathway.
Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cytoprotection; Down-Regulation; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lipopolysaccharides; Lung; Male; Neutrophil Infiltration; Neutrophils; Peroxidase; Pyrazines; Rats, Wistar; Respiratory Rate; rho-Associated Kinases; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction | 2015 |
A New Ligustrazine Derivative-Selective Cytotoxicity by Suppression of NF-κB/p65 and COX-2 Expression on Human Hepatoma Cells. Part 3.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dogs; HeLa Cells; HT29 Cells; Humans; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Pyrazines; Transcription Factor RelA | 2015 |
[Assay of Tetramethylpyrazine in Szechwan Lovage Rhizome and Cnidium Rhizome by HPLC-DAD-MS].
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cnidium; Ligusticum; Mass Spectrometry; Pyrazines; Rhizome | 2015 |
[Effect of Combination Therapy of Tetramethylpyrazine with Methotrexate on Inflammatory Reac- tions and Hemorheology in Collagen-induced Arthritis Rats].
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cattle; Collagen Type II; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Hemorheology; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Male; Methotrexate; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synovial Membrane | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), an Active Ingredient of Chinese Herb Medicine Chuanxiong, Attenuates the Degeneration of Trabecular Meshwork through SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blotting, Western; Cell Cycle; Cell Movement; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CXCL12; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrazines; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, CXCR4; Trabecular Meshwork; Young Adult | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine prevents ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury via activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Cells, Cultured; Central Nervous System Depressants; Ethanol; Hepatocytes; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Plasmids; Pyrazines; RNA, Small Interfering; Superoxide Dismutase | 2015 |
A Novel Ligustrazine Derivative T-VA Prevents Neurotoxicity in Differentiated PC12 Cells and Protects the Brain against Ischemia Injury in MCAO Rats.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain Ischemia; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Cyclooxygenase 2; Disease Models, Animal; Immunohistochemistry; Neuroprotective Agents; NF-kappa B; PC12 Cells; Pyrazines; Rats; Stroke; Superoxide Dismutase; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cells (TR-iBRB2) against IL-1β-Induced Nitrative/Oxidative Stress.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Blood-Retinal Barrier; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus; Endothelial Cells; Gene Expression Regulation; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Interleukin-1beta; Leukocytes; Mitochondria; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; NF-kappa B; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Oxidative Stress; Phosphorylation; Protective Agents; Protein Transport; Pyrazines; Rats; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Inhibits Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells through Hedgehog Signaling Pathways In Vitro.
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Connective Tissue Growth Factor; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Hedgehog Proteins; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction | 2015 |
Metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis to enhance the production of tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Bacillus subtilis; Butylene Glycols; Culture Media; Fermentation; Gene Deletion; Glucose; Metabolic Engineering; Oxidoreductases; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 2015 |
A Series of New Ligustrazine-Triterpenes Derivatives as Anti-Tumor Agents: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Calcium; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cisplatin; Dogs; HeLa Cells; Hep G2 Cells; HT29 Cells; Humans; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; MCF-7 Cells; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Triterpenes | 2015 |
2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) down-regulated arsenic-induced heme oxygenase-1 and ARS2 expression by inhibiting Nrf2, NF-κB, AP-1 and MAPK pathways in human proximal tubular cells.
Topics: Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Arsenites; Cell Line; Cytoprotection; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Heme Oxygenase-1; Humans; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Mitochondria; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Nuclear Proteins; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Sodium Compounds; Time Factors; Transcription Factor AP-1 | 2016 |
Effect of intra-abdominal administration of ligustrazine nanoparticles nano spray on postoperative peritoneal adhesion in rat model.
Topics: Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Nanoparticles; Peritoneal Diseases; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Postoperative Complications; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tissue Adhesions; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2015 |
Effect of ligustrazine nanoparticles nano spray on transforming growth factor-β/Smad signal pathway of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-α.
Topics: Animals; Collagen Type I; Epithelium; Fibronectins; Male; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Peritoneal Cavity; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Smad Proteins; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2016 |
Tetramethylpyrazine identified by a network pharmacology approach ameliorates methotrexate-induced oxidative organ injury.
Topics: Animals; Cyclic AMP; Drug Discovery; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Ileum; Kidney; Ligusticum; Liver; Male; Methotrexate; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Receptor, Adenosine A2B | 2015 |
Ligustrazine prevents alcohol-induced liver injury by attenuating hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Fatty Liver; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Male; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2015 |
Protective Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine on Cerebrovascular Regulations in Rats with Chronic Alcoholic Encephalopathy.
Topics: Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System; Animals; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelin-1; Learning; Male; Memory; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vasodilator Agents | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine induces SH-SY5Y cell differentiation toward the neuronal phenotype through activation of the PI3K/Akt/Sp1/TopoIIβ pathway.
Topics: CCAAT-Binding Factor; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Transdifferentiation; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; DNA-Binding Proteins; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Gene Expression; Humans; Neurons; Phenotype; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Binding; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Sp1 Transcription Factor; Transcriptional Activation | 2015 |
[Study on effect of tetramethylpyrazine on proliferation and apoptosis of leukemic U937 cells and its mechanism].
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; Humans; Leukemia; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; U937 Cells | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine from Pleurotus geesteranus.
Topics: Pleurotus; Pyrazines | 2015 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Promotes Migration of Neural Precursor Cells via Activating the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway.
Topics: Animals; Brain Infarction; Cell Movement; Chemokine CXCL12; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Models, Biological; Neural Stem Cells; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; Phosphorylation; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; Wound Healing | 2016 |
Tetramethylpyrazine protects CoCl2-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by regulating the PHD2/HIF/1α-VEGF pathway.
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Survival; Cobalt; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Gene Expression Regulation; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-Proline Dioxygenases; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A | 2016 |
Tetramethylpyrazine improves the recovery of spinal cord injury via Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Caspase 3; Chromones; Cytokines; Heme Oxygenase-1; Locomotion; Male; Morpholines; Neuroprotective Agents; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Phosphorylation; Protein Binding; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2016 |
Heme oxygenase-1 dependant pathway contributes to protection by tetramethylpyrazine against chronic hypoxic injury on medulla oblongata in rats.
Topics: Animals; Heme Oxygenase-1; Hypoxia, Brain; Male; Malondialdehyde; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Superoxide Dismutase | 2016 |
Enhanced production of tetramethylpyrazine in Bacillus licheniformis BL1 by bdhA disruption and 2,3-butanediol supplementation.
Topics: Acetoin; Aerobiosis; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Bacillus; Butylene Glycols; Culture Media; Fermentation; Gene Deletion; Metabolic Engineering; Pyrazines | 2016 |
Discovery of New Monocarbonyl Ligustrazine-Curcumin Hybrids for Intervention of Drug-Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Lung Cancer.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Curcumin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Discovery; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms, Experimental; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase | 2016 |
Ligustrazine disrupts lipopolysaccharide-activated NLRP3 inflammasome pathway associated with inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 in hepatocytes.
Topics: Cell Line; Hepatocytes; Humans; Inflammasomes; Lipopolysaccharides; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 4 | 2016 |
[Protective effects of perfluorocarbon combined with ligustrazine against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats].
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Fluorocarbons; Lung Injury; Malondialdehyde; Peroxidase; Protective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Superoxide Dismutase; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2016 |
Pretreatment with a combination of ligustrazine and berberine improves cardiac function in rats with coronary microembolization.
Topics: Animals; Berberine; Coronary Thrombosis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Embolism; Male; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2016 |
Micro-CT as a Tool to Investigate the Efficacy of Tetramethylpyrazine in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Hindlimb; Male; Motor Activity; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recovery of Function; Spinal Cord Injuries; X-Ray Microtomography | 2016 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits tumor growth of lung cancer through disrupting angiogenesis via BMP/Smad/Id-1 signaling.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Smad Proteins; Time Factors; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays | 2016 |
Tetramethylpyrazine induces differentiation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells in vitro.
Topics: Blotting, Western; Cell Differentiation; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Neurons; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Pyrazines; Umbilical Cord | 2016 |
Effect of Ligustrazine on rat peritoneal mesothelial cells treated with lipopolysaccharide.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Caspase 3; Cells, Cultured; Collagen Type I; Epithelial Cells; Fibronectins; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Oxidative Stress; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Peritoneal Fibrosis; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2016 |
[Effects of combination of glycyrrhizin acid, ligustrazine and puerarin on LPS-induced cytokines expression in macrophage].
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cytokines; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Isoflavones; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Mice; NF-kappa B; Pyrazines; RAW 264.7 Cells | 2015 |
[Study on recovery and its influencing factors of ferulic acid and tetramethylpyrazine in cerebral microdialysis probe].
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Microdialysis; Pyrazines; Rats | 2015 |
Antihepatocellular Carcinoma Potential of Tetramethylpyrazine Induces Cell Cycle Modulation and Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis: Regulation of p53 Signaling Pathway in HepG2 Cells In Vitro.
Topics: Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cytochromes c; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mitochondria; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Resting Phase, Cell Cycle; Signal Transduction; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 | 2016 |
Pharmacokinetic comparative study of gastrodin after oral administration of Gastrodia elata Bl. extract and its compatibility with the different indigents of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. to rats.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alkaloids; Animals; Area Under Curve; Benzyl Alcohols; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drug Interactions; Female; Gastrodia; Glucosides; Half-Life; Hydroxybenzoates; Ligusticum; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrazines; Rats, Wistar | 2016 |
Monocyclic monoterpenes as penetration enhancers of ligustrazine hydrochloride for dermal delivery.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Drug Carriers; Monoterpenes; Pyrazines; Skin; Skin Absorption; Swine; Vasodilator Agents | 2017 |
Potent Protection Against MPP
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Enzyme Activation; MEF2 Transcription Factors; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Parkinson Disease; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Pyrazines; Rats; Transcriptional Activation | 2016 |
Ligustrazine improves blood circulation by suppressing Platelet activation in a rat model of allergic asthma.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asthma; Blood Circulation; Blood Platelets; Cell Adhesion; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Male; Platelet Activation; Pneumonia; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2016 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Injury via Rho/Rho-kinase Signaling Pathway.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelial Cells; Glucose; Male; Microvessels; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Oxygen; Protective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; rho-Associated Kinases; Signal Transduction | 2017 |
Tetramethylpyrazine-2'-O-sodium ferulate attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption and brain oedema after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
Topics: Animals; Aquaporin 4; Behavior, Animal; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Brain Edema; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Coumaric Acids; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Neuroprotective Agents; Occludin; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury | 2017 |
Microdialysis combined with UPLC-MS/MS method for determination of tetramethylpyrazine and ferulic acid in striatum of awake and anesthetic rats subjected to cerebral ischemia.
Topics: Animals; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corpus Striatum; Coumaric Acids; Drug Synergism; Limit of Detection; Male; Microdialysis; Pyrazines; Rats; Reperfusion Injury; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2016 |
The Reversal Effect and Its Mechanisms of Tetramethylpyrazine on Multidrug Resistance in Human Bladder Cancer.
Topics: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; Catechin; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Doxorubicin; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Ginsenosides; Humans; Neoplasm Proteins; Pyrazines; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms | 2016 |
Tetramethylpyrazine enhances functional recovery after contusion spinal cord injury by modulation of MicroRNA-21, FasL, PDCD4 and PTEN expression.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Contusions; Disease Models, Animal; Fas Ligand Protein; Male; MicroRNAs; Neuroprotective Agents; PTEN Phosphohydrolase; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recovery of Function; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2016 |
Ligustrazine attenuates inflammation and the associated chemokines and receptors in ovalbumine-induced mouse asthma model.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Chemokines; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Interleukins; Lung; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Pyrazines; Receptors, CCR7; STAT3 Transcription Factor | 2016 |
Neuroprotection against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and induction of neurite outgrowth by T-006, a novel multifunctional derivative of tetramethylpyrazine in neuronal cell models.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Glutamic Acid; Hydrazones; Neuronal Outgrowth; Neurons; Neuroprotection; PC12 Cells; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2016 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Nitrone Improves Neurobehavioral Functions and Confers Neuroprotection on Rats with Traumatic Brain Injury.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Caspase 3; Down-Regulation; Free Radical Scavengers; Male; Neurons; Neuroprotection; Neuroprotective Agents; Nitrogen Oxides; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2016 |
Ligustrazine alleviates acute pancreatitis by accelerating acinar cell apoptosis at early phase via the suppression of p38 and Erk MAPK pathways.
Topics: Acinar Cells; Acute Disease; Amylases; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Inflammation Mediators; MAP Kinase Signaling System; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pancreatitis; Peroxidase; Phosphorylation; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2016 |
IRE1α-TRAF2-ASK1 pathway is involved in CSTMP-induced apoptosis and ER stress in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells.
Topics: A549 Cells; Apoptosis; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Caspases; Cell Cycle; Cell Survival; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Endoribonucleases; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5; Mitochondria; Protein Binding; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Pyrazines; RNA, Small Interfering; Signal Transduction; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 | 2016 |
Assessment of the Anti-anginal Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine Using Vasopressin-Induced Angina Model Rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiotonic Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Heart Rate; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Pyrazines; Rats; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasodilator Agents; Vasopressins | 2016 |
Nrf2 knockdown attenuates the ameliorative effects of ligustrazine on hepatic fibrosis by targeting hepatic stellate cell transdifferentiation.
Topics: Animals; beta Catenin; Carbon Tetrachloride; Cell Line; Cell Transdifferentiation; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Genetic Therapy; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Humans; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mice, Inbred ICR; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Pyrazines | 2016 |
[Ligustrazine Promoted the Migration of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Up-regulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 Expressions].
Topics: Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Pyrazines; Up-Regulation | 2016 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Ameliorates Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease in Rats: Involvement of Its Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Actions.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Brain; Cyclooxygenase 2; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Parkinson Disease; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rotenone; Vasodilator Agents | 2017 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuates Transdifferentiation of TGF-β2-Treated Human Tenon's Fibroblasts.
Topics: Blotting, Western; Cell Proliferation; Cell Transdifferentiation; Cells, Cultured; Fibroblasts; Filtering Surgery; Flow Cytometry; Glaucoma; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Pyrazines; Tenon Capsule; Transforming Growth Factor beta2; Vasodilator Agents | 2016 |
Investigating the passage of tetramethylpyrazine-loaded liposomes across blood-brain barrier models in vitro and ex vivo.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Cell Survival; Electrochemistry; Female; Liposomes; Mice, Inbred ICR; Models, Biological; Mucous Membrane; Particle Size; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Static Electricity | 2016 |
Tetramethypyrazine inhibits renal cell carcinoma cells through inhibition of NKG2D signaling pathways.
Topics: Blotting, Western; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K; Pyrazines; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Signal Transduction; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Vasodilator Agents | 2016 |
Tetramethylpyrazine and Astragaloside IV Synergistically Ameliorate Left Ventricular Remodeling and Preserve Cardiac Function in a Rat Myocardial Infarction Model.
Topics: Animals; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Myocardial Infarction; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Saponins; Triterpenes; Vasodilator Agents; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Remodeling | 2017 |
Development of ligustrazine hydrochloride carboxymethyl chitosan and collagen microspheres: Formulation optimization, characterization, and vitro release.
Topics: Chitosan; Collagen; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Microspheres; Particle Size; Pyrazines | 2017 |
Inhibition of YAP signaling contributes to senescence of hepatic stellate cells induced by tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Animals; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Proliferation; Cellular Senescence; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Phosphoproteins; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; YAP-Signaling Proteins | 2017 |
Tetramethylpyrazine-Loaded Hydrogels: Preparation, Penetration Through a Subcutaneous-Mucous-Membrane Model, and a Molecular Dynamics Simulation.
Topics: Animals; Diffusion; Drug Liberation; Hydrogels; Ligusticum; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Mucous Membrane; Pyrazines; Skin | 2017 |
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tetramethylpyrazine Derivatives as Potential Neuroprotective Agents.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Cell Death; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Design; Free Radical Scavengers; Molecular Structure; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; PC12 Cells; Pyrazines; Rats; tert-Butylhydroperoxide | 2017 |
Effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine injection on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury.
Topics: Animals; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Caspase 3; Coronary Occlusion; Coronary Vessels; Creatine Kinase; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Malondialdehyde; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac; Oncogene Protein v-akt; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Rats; Reperfusion Injury; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Signal Transduction | 2016 |
[Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in rats via regulating related cytokines and antibodies].
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Immunoglobulin G; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2016 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Effects on the Expression of Scar-Related Genes in Rabbit Benign Biliary Stricture Fibroblasts.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Cicatrix; Constriction, Pathologic; Fibroblasts; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oncogene Proteins; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Vasodilator Agents | 2016 |
Effect of ferulic acid on the brain pharmacokinetics of tetramethylpyrazine in conscious rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2017 |
Nrf2 Activation Is Required for Ligustrazine to Inhibit Hepatic Steatosis in Alcohol-Preferring Mice and Hepatocytes.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Ethanol; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Hepatocytes; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction | 2017 |
Ligustrazine-Oleanolic Acid Glycine Derivative, G-TOA, Selectively Inhibited the Proliferation and Induced Apoptosis of Activated HSC-T6 Cells.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Gene Expression Regulation; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Humans; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Oleanolic Acid; Pyrazines; Rats; Signal Transduction | 2016 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Against Glucocorticoid-Induced Apoptosis by Promoting Autophagy in Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Improves Bone Mass in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Rats.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Bone and Bones; Dexamethasone; Glucocorticoids; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Organ Size; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Protective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases | 2017 |
Anti-fibrotic effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Ligustrazine Injection on LX-2 cells involved with increased N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 expression.
Topics: Apoptosis; beta Catenin; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Fibrosis; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Injections; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Tumor Suppressor Proteins | 2017 |
Tissue-engineered nerve graft with tetramethylpyrazine for repair of sciatic nerve defects in rats.
Topics: Animals; Coculture Techniques; Female; Nerve Regeneration; Neural Stem Cells; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Prostheses and Implants; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Sciatic Nerve; Sciatic Neuropathy; Tissue Engineering | 2017 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Analogue CXC195 Protects Against Dopaminergic Neuronal Apoptosis via Activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Signaling Pathway in 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mice.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Dopaminergic Neurons; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Piperazines; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Signal Transduction | 2017 |
Tetramethyl Pyrazine Protects Hippocampal Neurons Against Anoxia/Reoxygenation Injury Through Inhibiting Apoptosis Mediated by JNK/MARK Signal Pathway.
Topics: Animals; Anthracenes; Apoptosis; Cells, Cultured; Hippocampus; Hypoxia; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxygen; Phosphorylation; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger | 2016 |
Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates carbon tetrachloride-caused liver injury and fibrogenesis and reduces hepatic angiogenesis in rats.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Becaplermin; Carbon Tetrachloride; Down-Regulation; Endothelial Cells; Hepatocytes; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Up-Regulation; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 | 2017 |
Effects of tetramethylpyrazine from Chinese black vinegar on antioxidant and hypolipidemia activities in HepG2 cells.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Antioxidants; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; Cholesterol; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Hypolipidemic Agents; PPAR gamma; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxide Dismutase | 2017 |
Canonical hedgehog signalling regulates hepatic stellate cell-mediated angiogenesis in liver fibrosis.
Topics: Animals; Benzoquinones; Carbon Tetrachloride; Disease Models, Animal; Hedgehog Proteins; Hepatic Stellate Cells; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Lactams, Macrocyclic; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mustard Compounds; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Phenylpropionates; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; Smoothened Receptor | 2017 |
Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorated disuse-induced gastrocnemius muscle atrophy in hindlimb unloading rats through suppression of Ca
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Calcium Signaling; Enzyme Repression; Female; Hindlimb Suspension; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Disorders, Atrophic; Oxidative Stress; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; Proteolysis; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; Vasodilator Agents | 2017 |
Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates sinusoidal angiogenesis via inhibition of hedgehog signaling in liver fibrosis.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Tetrachloride; Cell Proliferation; Gene Expression Regulation; Hedgehog Proteins; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Mice; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Primary Cell Culture; Pyrazines; Smoothened Receptor | 2017 |
The protective role of tetramethylpyrazine against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Caspase 3; Cisplatin; Ear Diseases; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; Female; Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spiral Ganglion; Stria Vascularis; Vasodilator Agents | 2017 |
The effect of additive compounds on glycerol-induced damage to human chondrocytes.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ascorbic Acid; Cartilage, Articular; Cell Survival; Chondrocytes; Chondroitin Sulfates; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Glucosamine; Glycerol; Humans; Middle Aged; Pyrazines; Vitrification | 2017 |
[Effects of tetramethylpyrazine on trigeminal neuralgia induced by chronic constriction injury of infraorbital nerve in rats].
Topics: Animals; Constriction; Hyperalgesia; Male; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Trigeminal Ganglion; Trigeminal Neuralgia | 2017 |
Combination of amino acid/dipeptide with ligustrazine-betulinic acid as antitumor agents.
Topics: Amino Acids; Anisoles; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Betulinic Acid; Calcium; Cell Line, Tumor; Dipeptides; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Triterpenes | 2017 |
Increased Circulating Endothelial Microparticles Associated with PAK4 Play a Key Role in Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury Process.
Topics: Animals; beta Catenin; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cell Adhesion; Cell-Derived Microparticles; Cytoskeleton; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelium, Vascular; Lung; Lung Injury; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Microscopy, Confocal; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Neutrophils; p21-Activated Kinases; Pyrazines; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Function Tests; Tidal Volume; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury | 2017 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Facilitates Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting MMP2, MMP9, and Vascular Endothelial Cell Apoptosis.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelial Cells; Follow-Up Studies; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Neurologic Examination; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recovery of Function; Spinal Cord Injuries; Time Factors | 2017 |
Profiling and Preparation of Metabolites from Pyragrel in Human Urine by Online Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Followed by a Macroporous Resin-Based Purification Approach.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Humans; Metabolomics; Pyrazines; Solid Phase Extraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Urine | 2017 |
Neuroprotective and axonal outgrowth-promoting effects of tetramethylpyrazine nitrone in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats and primary hippocampal neurons exposed to hypoxia.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Caspase 3; Cell Hypoxia; Cells, Cultured; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Disease Models, Animal; Embryo, Mammalian; Glucose; Hippocampus; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Male; Maze Learning; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recognition, Psychology | 2017 |
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Danshensu and Tetramethylpyrazine Conjugates as Cardioprotective Agents.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cardiotonic Agents; Cell Line; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Lactates; Male; Molecular Structure; Myocardial Ischemia; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Solubility; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2017 |
Discovery of potential anticancer multi-targeted ligustrazine based cyclohexanone and oxime analogs overcoming the cancer multidrug resistance.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cyclohexanones; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Discovery; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Oximes; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2017 |
Tetramethylpyrazine-mediated regulation of CXCR4 in retinoblastoma is sensitive to cell density.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Pyrazines; Rats; Receptors, CXCR4; Retinoblastoma | 2017 |
Anti-inflammatory effect of combined tetramethylpyrazine, resveratrol and curcumin in vivo.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis, Experimental; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cartilage; Curcumin; Cytokines; Drug Combinations; Edema; Female; Inflammation; Joints; Kidney; Liver; Male; Mice; NF-kappa B; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Resveratrol; Stilbenes | 2017 |
Tetramethylpyrazine blocks TFAM degradation and up-regulates mitochondrial DNA copy number by interacting with TFAM.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; DNA Replication; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Mitochondrial; Gene Dosage; HCT116 Cells; HeLa Cells; Humans; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Proteins; Peptide Hydrolases; Pyrazines; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Up-Regulation | 2017 |
Preconditioning of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells by tetramethylpyrazine enhances cell migration and improves functional recovery after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Brain Ischemia; Cell Movement; Chemokine CXCL12; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Microvessels; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, CXCR4; Recovery of Function; RNA, Messenger | 2017 |
Synergistic effects of Chuanxiong-Chishao herb-pair on promoting angiogenesis at network pharmacological and pharmacodynamic levels.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Synergism; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Estrogen Receptor alpha; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucosides; Ligands; Monoterpenes; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Pyrazines; Reproducibility of Results; Zebrafish | 2017 |
Evaluating the feasibility of fermentation starter inoculated with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for improving acetoin and tetramethylpyrazine in Baoning bran vinegar.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Acetobacter; Acetoin; Bacillus; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Bacteria; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Fungi; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pyrazines | 2017 |
Synthesis of folate‑chitosan nanoparticles loaded with ligustrazine to target folate receptor positive cancer cells.
Topics: A549 Cells; Chitosan; Drug Liberation; Endocytosis; Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored; Folic Acid; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; MCF-7 Cells; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pyrazines; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Time Factors | 2017 |
Tetramethylpyrazine reverses intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced memory deficits by inhibiting GSK-3β.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Hippocampus; Injections, Intraventricular; Learning; Male; Memory; Memory Disorders; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats, Wistar; Streptozocin | 2017 |
A Novel Danshensu-Tetramethylpyrazine Conjugate DT-010 Provides Cardioprotection through the PGC-1α/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Free Radicals; Heme Oxygenase-1; Iodoacetic Acid; Lactates; Ligusticum; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Myocytes, Cardiac; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Salvia miltiorrhiza; tert-Butylhydroperoxide; Up-Regulation | 2017 |
Effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on Ca
Topics: Animals; Calcium Signaling; Cell Survival; Dogs; Kidney Tubules; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Pyrazines | 2017 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits prostate cancer progression by downregulation of forkhead box M1.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Forkhead Box Protein M1; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Prostatic Neoplasms; Pyrazines | 2017 |
Inhibitory effects of tetramethylpyrazine on pain transmission of trigeminal neuralgia in CCI-ION rats.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Male; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Membrane Potentials; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pain Threshold; Phosphorylation; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Purinergic P2X3; RNA, Messenger; Trigeminal Ganglion; Trigeminal Neuralgia | 2017 |
Ligustrazine modulates renal cysteine biosynthesis in rats exposed to cadmium.
Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Cadmium; Cystathionine beta-Synthase; Cysteine; Environmental Pollutants; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Malondialdehyde; Methionine Adenosyltransferase; Protective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2017 |
The Synergic Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine Phosphate and Borneol for Protecting Against Ischemia Injury in Cortex and Hippocampus Regions by Modulating Apoptosis and Autophagy.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Protein-1 Homolog; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Beclin-1; Camphanes; Cerebral Cortex; Drug Synergism; Hippocampus; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Protein Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases | 2017 |
Neuroprotective effect of tetramethylpyrazine against all-trans-retinal toxicity in the differentiated Y-79 cells via upregulation of IRBP expression.
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Death; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Eye Proteins; Humans; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Leukostasis; Mitochondria; Neurons; Neuroprotection; Neuroprotective Agents; Nitrosation; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Retinaldehyde; Retinol-Binding Proteins; Up-Regulation; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 | 2017 |
Tetramethylpyrazine suppresses lipid accumulation in macrophages via upregulation of the ATP-binding cassette transporters and downregulation of scavenger receptors.
Topics: Animals; Apolipoproteins E; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; CD36 Antigens; Cholesterol; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Gene Expression Regulation; Ligusticum; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins, LDL; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Pyrazines; RAW 264.7 Cells; Scavenger Receptors, Class A | 2017 |
Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates neural apoptosis in injured spinal cord via the downregulation of miR-214-3p.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Blotting, Western; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Flow Cytometry; HEK293 Cells; Humans; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Male; MicroRNAs; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recovery of Function; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spinal Cord Injuries; Up-Regulation | 2017 |
A newly synthesized Ligustrazine stilbene derivative inhibits PDGF-BB induced vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch and proliferation via delaying cell cycle progression.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Becaplermin; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Osteopontin; Phenotype; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stilbenes | 2017 |
A Novel Danshensu-Tetramethylpyrazine Conjugate DT-018 Provides Cardioprotection by Preserving Mitochondrial Function Through the MEF2D/PGC-1α Pathway.
Topics: Animals; Cardiotonic Agents; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Lactates; MEF2 Transcription Factors; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mitochondria; Molecular Structure; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; Pyrazines; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2018 |
Comparative effects of traditional Chinese and Western migraine medicines in an animal model of nociceptive trigeminovascular activation.
Topics: Animals; Benzyl Alcohols; Disease Models, Animal; Dura Mater; Glucosides; Levetiracetam; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Migraine Disorders; Neurons, Afferent; Nociceptive Pain; Pain Management; Propranolol; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Trigeminal Nerve | 2018 |
Selective suppression of the JNK-MMP2/9 signal pathway by tetramethylpyrazine attenuates neuropathic pain in rats.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cells, Cultured; Injections, Spinal; Male; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; Neuralgia; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasodilator Agents | 2017 |
GC-FID determination of tetramethylpyrazine and acetoin in vinegars and quantifying the dependence of tetramethylpyrazine on acetoin and ammonium.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Acetoin; Ammonium Compounds; Pyrazines | 2018 |
Effects of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate on pancreatic islet microcirculation in SD rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Glucose; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Male; Microcirculation; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasodilator Agents | 2018 |
[Pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of NMD/TMP-nanoparticles].
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Delayed-Action Preparations; Nanoparticles; Nimodipine; Particle Size; Polyglactin 910; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Suspensions | 2016 |
Effects of the predominant bacteria from meju and doenjang on the production of volatile compounds during soybean fermentation.
Topics: Acids; Bacteria; Benzyl Alcohols; Fermentation; Fermented Foods; Glycine max; Principal Component Analysis; Pyrazines; Soy Foods; Taste; Volatile Organic Compounds | 2017 |
Anti‑osteoporotic effects of tetramethylpyrazine via promoting osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting osteoclast formation.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Resorption; Cell Differentiation; Female; Interleukin-6; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Pyrazines; RANK Ligand; Rats; Tomography, X-Ray Computed | 2017 |
An UHPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, bilobalide and ligustrazine in rat plasma, and its application to pharmacokinetic study of Xingxiong injection.
Topics: Animals; Bilobalides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disaccharides; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Glucosides; Kaempferols; Pyrazines; Quercetin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2017 |
Identification of the optimal dose and calpain system regulation of tetramethylpyrazine on the prevention of skeletal muscle atrophy in hindlimb unloading rats.
Topics: Animals; Calpain; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hindlimb Suspension; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasodilator Agents | 2017 |
Tetramethylpyrazine suppresses angiotensin II-induced soluble epoxide hydrolase expression in coronary endothelium via anti-ER stress mechanism.
Topics: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; Angiotensin II; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Coronary Vessels; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Endothelial Cells; Epoxide Hydrolases; In Vitro Techniques; Pyrazines; Sus scrofa; Tunicamycin; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents | 2017 |
A novel Danshensu/tetramethylpyrazine derivative induces vasorelaxation on rat aorta and exerts cardioprotection in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Arterial Pressure; Calcium; Cardiotonic Agents; Coronary Circulation; Cyclic GMP; Dogs; Extracellular Matrix; Intracellular Space; Lactates; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Nitric Oxide; Potassium Channels; Pyrazines; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents | 2018 |
Effects of Ligustrazine on Airway Inflammation in A Mouse Model of Neutrophilic Asthma.
Topics: Animals; Asthma; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-17; Leukocyte Count; Lung; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neutrophils; Pneumonia; Pyrazines; Respiratory Hypersensitivity | 2018 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Neurons from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Death.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Down-Regulation; Glucose; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxygen; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA Interference; TRPC Cation Channels | 2017 |
Microneedle-Assisted Percutaneous Delivery of a Tetramethylpyrazine-Loaded Microemulsion.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Emulsions; Male; Particle Size; Permeability; Pyrazines; Rats; Skin; Skin Absorption | 2017 |
Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone activates the BDNF/Akt/CREB pathway to promote post-ischaemic neuroregeneration and recovery of neurological functions in rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Nitrogen Oxides; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recovery of Function; Regeneration | 2018 |
Ligustrazine suppresses neuron apoptosis via the Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 pathway in PC12 cells and in rats with vascular dementia.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Carotid Artery, Common; Caspase 3; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Survival; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Chemokine CCL2; Dementia, Vascular; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose; Homocysteine; Ligusticum; Male; Mitochondria; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; PC12 Cells; Plant Extracts; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction | 2018 |
Evaluation of antioxidant activities of ethanol extract from Ligusticum subjected to in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion.
Topics: Antioxidants; Coumaric Acids; Digestion; Ethanol; Gastrointestinal Tract; Ligusticum; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Pyrazines; Reference Standards | 2018 |
Therapeutic Potential of Novel Twin Compounds Containing Tetramethylpyrazine and Carnitine Substructures in Experimental Ischemic Stroke.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Carnitine; Disease Models, Animal; Male; NADPH Oxidase 2; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stroke | 2017 |
Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on tibial dyschondroplasia incidence, tibial angiogenesis, performance and characteristics via HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in chickens.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Incidence; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteochondrodysplasias; Poultry Diseases; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Thiram; Tibia; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A | 2018 |
Neuroprotection by new ligustrazine-cinnamon acid derivatives on CoCl
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Cinnamates; Cobalt; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Molecular Structure; Neuroprotective Agents; PC12 Cells; Pyrazines; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2018 |
Novel Ligustrazine-Based Analogs of Piperlongumine Potently Suppress Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; beta Catenin; Cell Proliferation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dioxolanes; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; HCT116 Cells; Humans; Mice; Neoplasm Metastasis; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species; Solubility; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2018 |
Screening and analysis of potentially active components in Shenxiong glucose injection using UHPLC coupled with photodiode array detection and MS/MS.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Light; Plant Roots; Pyrazines; Rats; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Water | 2018 |
Ligustrazine attenuates neuropathic pain by inhibition of JAK/STAT3 pathway in a rat model of chronic constriction injury.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Behavior, Animal; Constriction, Pathologic; Cytokines; Hot Temperature; Male; Neuralgia; Pain Threshold; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sciatic Nerve; Signal Transduction; Spinal Cord; STAT3 Transcription Factor | 2016 |
Synthesis and activity towards Alzheimer's disease in vitro: Tacrine, phenolic acid and ligustrazine hybrids.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Antioxidants; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Hydroxybenzoates; Models, Molecular; PC12 Cells; Pyrazines; Rats; Tacrine | 2018 |
Ligustrazine Enhances the Hypnotic and Analgesic Effect of Ketamine in Mice.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Ketamine; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pain; Pyrazines | 2018 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Showed Therapeutic Effects on Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Protein Kinase RNA-Like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase (PERK) Signaling-Induced Apoptosis of Pulmonary Microvascular Endoth
Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Separation; eIF-2 Kinase; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Endothelial Cells; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lung; Microvessels; Oxygen; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Function Tests; Sepsis; Signal Transduction; Survival Analysis | 2018 |
Systematic Characterization of the Metabolism of Acetoin and Its Derivative Ligustrazine in Bacillus subtilis under Micro-Oxygen Conditions.
Topics: Acetoin; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Culture Media; Fermentation; Glucose; Oxygen; Pyrazines; Wine | 2018 |
Suxiao Jiuxin pill promotes exosome secretion from mouse cardiac mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Camphanes; Cells, Cultured; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Exosomes; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Myocardium; Pyrazines; rab GTP-Binding Proteins; rab27 GTP-Binding Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Vesicular Transport Proteins | 2018 |
Exosomes from Suxiao Jiuxin pill-treated cardiac mesenchymal stem cells decrease H3K27 demethylase UTX expression in mouse cardiomyocytes in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Camphanes; Cells, Cultured; Down-Regulation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Exosomes; Histone Demethylases; Histones; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Methylation; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Myocytes, Cardiac; Pyrazines | 2018 |
Application of TQSM polypharmacokinetics and its similarity approach to ascertain Q-marker by analyses of transitivity in vivo of five candidates in Buyanghuanwu injection.
Topics: Amygdalin; Animals; Biological Availability; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Injections; Monoterpenes; Pyrazines; Rats, Wistar; Saponins; Triterpenes | 2018 |
Novel Neuroprotective Lead Compound Ligustrazine Derivative Mass Spectrometry Fragmentation Rule and Metabolites in Rats by LC/LTQ-Orbitrap MS.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Chromatography, Liquid; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolomics; Neuroprotective Agents; PC12 Cells; Pyrazines; Rats; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2018 |
The Influence of Hyperlipidemia on Endothelial Function of FPN1 Tek-Cre Mice and the Intervention Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Aorta; Cation Transport Proteins; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelial Cells; Female; Hepcidins; Hyperlipidemias; Iron Overload; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines | 2018 |
Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiomyocyte injury via improving mitochondrial function mediated by 14-3-3γ.
Topics: 14-3-3 Proteins; Animals; Apoptosis; bcl-Associated Death Protein; Cell Survival; Lipopolysaccharides; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Mitochondria; Myocytes, Cardiac; Phosphorylation; Protein Transport; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Up-Regulation | 2018 |
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMPZ) triggers S-phase arrest and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in lung cancer cells.
Topics: Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Caspase 3; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mitochondria; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines | 2018 |
Ultrasound-Enhanced Protective Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine via the ROS/HIF-1A Signaling Pathway in an in Vitro Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Model.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Flow Cytometry; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; In Vitro Techniques; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; PC12 Cells; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pyrazines; Rats; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reperfusion Injury; Signal Transduction; Ultrasonic Waves; Vasodilator Agents | 2018 |
Tetramethylpyrazine in a Murine Alkali-Burn Model Blocks NFκB/NRF-1/CXCR4-Signaling-Induced Corneal Neovascularization.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Burns, Chemical; Corneal Neovascularization; Disease Models, Animal; Eye Burns; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; NF-kappa B; Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1; Pyrazines; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, CXCR4; Sodium Hydroxide; Vasodilator Agents | 2018 |
Ligustrazine protects chondrocyte against IL-1β induced injury by regulation of SOX9/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Topics: Aged; Cells, Cultured; Chondrocytes; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Middle Aged; NF-kappa B; Protective Agents; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; SOX9 Transcription Factor | 2018 |
Skin drug permeability and safety through a vibrating solid micro-needle system.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Insulin; Male; Microinjections; Needles; Permeability; Pyrazines; Rats; Skin Absorption; Vibration | 2018 |
[Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel chalcone aromatic oxygen alkyl acids compounds].
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Chalcones; Hyperlipidemias; Hypolipidemic Agents; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oxygen; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines | 2016 |
[In vitro inhibitory effects of Jiawei Foshou San capsule on activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes in rat and human liver microsomes].
Topics: Animals; Berberine Alkaloids; Coumaric Acids; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Liver; Microsomes, Liver; Pyrazines; Rats | 2016 |
Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate tablets after single-dose administration in healthy Chinese male subjects
.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Area Under Curve; Asian People; Biological Availability; Cross-Over Studies; Half-Life; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Plant Extracts; Pyrazines; Tablets; Therapeutic Equivalency; Young Adult | 2018 |
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new tetramethylpyrazine-based chalcone derivatives as potential anti-Alzheimer agents.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cell Survival; Chalcones; Drug Design; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Monoamine Oxidase; PC12 Cells; Protective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2018 |
Permeation-enhancing effects and mechanisms of borneol and menthol on ligustrazine: A multiscale study using in vitro and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation methods.
Topics: Animals; Camphanes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Lipid Bilayers; Male; Menthol; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Permeability; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skin | 2018 |
[Effects of tetramethylypyrazine nitrone on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells
Topics: Animals; Calcium Signaling; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Neural Stem Cells; Nitrogen Oxides; Pyrazines; Rats | 2018 |
[Effects of ligustrazine on the Ca
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Carotid Arteries; Female; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Weightlessness Simulation | 2016 |
Tetramethylpyrazine-Inducible Promoter Region from
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Pyrazines; Rhodococcus; Transcription, Genetic | 2018 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Against Early Brain Injury and Inhibits the PERK/Akt Pathway in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
Topics: Animals; Brain Injuries; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; eIF-2 Kinase; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Vasodilator Agents | 2018 |
Tetramethylpyrazine protects against high glucose-induced vascular smooth muscle cell injury through inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK, p38MAPK, and ERK.
Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Cells, Cultured; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Glucose; Hyperglycemia; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Muscular Diseases; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Phosphorylation; Pyrazines; Rats; Signal Transduction; Vascular Diseases; Vasodilator Agents | 2018 |
Neuroprotective activity of tetramethylpyrazine against 3-nitropropionic acid induced Huntington's disease-like symptoms in rats.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Catalase; Corpus Striatum; Glutathione; Hippocampus; Huntington Disease; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Maze Learning; Mitochondria; Motor Activity; Neuroprotection; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Nitro Compounds; Oxidative Stress; Propionates; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Superoxide Dismutase | 2018 |
Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating the inflammatory response.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pyrazines | 2018 |
Effect of polysorbate 80 on the intranasal absorption and brain distribution of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate in rats.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Administration, Intravenous; Animals; Biological Availability; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Chemistry; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; Feasibility Studies; Male; Nasal Absorption; Polysorbates; Pyrazines; Rats | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine‑2'O‑sodium ferulate provides neuroprotection against neuroinflammation and brain injury in MCAO/R rats by suppressing TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Brain Edema; Brain Injuries; Chemokine CCL2; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammation; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Transcription Factor RelA | 2019 |
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Ligustrazine-Flavonoid Derivatives as Potential Anti-Tumor Agents.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Drug Design; Flavonoids; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Molecular Structure; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2018 |
[Preparation of Salviae Miltiorrhiza and Ligustrazine Hydrochloride Nasal Thermosensitive in Situ Gel and Study on Characterization of Its Nasal Mucosal Permeability].
Topics: Animals; Gels; Nasal Mucosa; Permeability; Poloxamer; Pyrazines; Temperature | 2016 |
Ligustrazine Inhibits Growth, Migration and Invasion of Medulloblastoma Daoy Cells by Up-Regulation of miR-211.
Topics: Antagomirs; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Caspase 3; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Medulloblastoma; MicroRNAs; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Up-Regulation; Vasodilator Agents | 2018 |
Borneol and Α-asarone as adjuvant agents for improving blood-brain barrier permeability of puerarin and tetramethylpyrazine by activating adenosine receptors.
Topics: Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Allylbenzene Derivatives; Animals; Anisoles; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Camphanes; Cell Line; Humans; Isoflavones; Male; Mice; Permeability; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Purinergic P1 | 2018 |
Effect of tetramethylpyrazine and hyperlipidemia on hepcidin homeostasis in mice.
Topics: Animals; Female; Hepcidins; Homeostasis; Hyperlipidemias; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Liver; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Models, Biological; Phosphorylation; Pyrazines; STAT3 Transcription Factor | 2019 |
Ligustrazine inhibits platelet activation via suppression of the Akt pathway.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Hemorrhage; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Male; Phosphorylation; Platelet Activation; Platelet Aggregation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; Thromboxane A2 | 2019 |
Ligustrazine recovers thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens: Involvement of new molecules modulating integrin beta 3.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Gene Expression Regulation; Growth Plate; Integrin beta3; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteochondrodysplasias; Pesticides; Poultry Diseases; Pyrazines; Thiram; Tibia | 2019 |
Protection of dilator function of coronary arteries from homocysteine by tetramethylpyrazine: Role of ER stress in modulation of BK
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Coronary Vessels; Cytoprotection; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Forkhead Box Protein O3; Homocysteine; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel beta Subunits; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases; Sus scrofa; Tripartite Motif Proteins; Ubiquitination; Vasodilation | 2019 |
Ligustrazine attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in a rat model of arthritis via the Sirt1/NF-κB and Nrf-2/HO-1 pathways.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Freund's Adjuvant; Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); Inflammation; Injections, Subcutaneous; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sirtuin 1; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2019 |
[A preliminary study on origin of ligustrazine in Chuanxiong Rhizoma based on endogenetic Bacillus subtilis].
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Endophytes; Fermentation; Ligusticum; Phylogeny; Pyrazines; Rhizome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S | 2018 |
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) ameliorates corneal neovascularization via regulating cell infiltration into cornea after alkali burn.
Topics: Alkalies; Animals; Burns, Chemical; Cell Line; Cell Movement; Cornea; Corneal Neovascularization; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Pyrazines; Receptors, CXCR4; Signal Transduction; Up-Regulation | 2019 |
Ligustrazine promoted hypoxia-treated cell growth by upregulation of miR-135b in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Topics: Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; MicroRNAs; Molecular Structure; Phosphorylation; Pressure Ulcer; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Transfection; Up-Regulation | 2019 |
Pharmacokinetic behaviors of ligustrazine after single- and multiple-dose intravenous Shenxiong glucose injection in rats by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Administration Schedule; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Distribution; Vasodilator Agents | 2019 |
[Effects of Ligustrazine Injection on Serum Cys C Level in Scierema Neonatorum Children Patients].
Topics: Blood Urea Nitrogen; Child; Creatinine; Cystatin C; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pyrazines; Vasodilator Agents | 2016 |
Tetramethylpyrazine reduces inflammation in the livers of mice fed a high fat diet.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Blood Glucose; Cytokines; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Hepatitis; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Mice; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2019 |
Ligustrazin increases lung cell autophagy and ameliorates paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR and hedgehog signalling via increasing miR-193a expression.
Topics: A549 Cells; Animals; Autophagy; Collagen Type I; Female; Humans; Mice; MicroRNAs; Oxidative Stress; Paraquat; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 | 2019 |
The Controlled Release and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a Tetramethylpyrazine-Loaded Thermosensitive Poloxamer Hydrogel.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Adhesiveness; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Intranasal; Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Biological Availability; Blood-Brain Barrier; Capillary Permeability; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Delayed-Action Preparations; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Drug Liberation; Gastritis; Hydrogels; Poloxamer; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Temperature; Viscosity | 2019 |
Evaluation of five additives to mitigate toxicity of cryoprotective agents on porcine chondrocytes.
Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cartilage, Articular; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Cell Survival; Chondrocytes; Chondroitin Sulfates; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Glucosamine; Pyrazines; Swine; Tissue Banks; Vitrification | 2019 |
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for rapid and inexpensive determination of tetramethylpyrazine in vinegar.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Food Analysis; Limit of Detection; Liquid Phase Microextraction; Pyrazines; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates depression by inhibiting TLR4-NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway in mice.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Cytokines; Depression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hippocampus; Inflammasomes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; NF-kappa B; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Prefrontal Cortex; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Stress, Psychological; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Vasodilator Agents | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine exerts a protective effect against injury from acute myocardial ischemia by regulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Inflammation; Isoproterenol; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Protective Agents; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction | 2019 |
[Intervention effects and mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine of supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation on chronic intermittent hypoxia composite insulin resistance ApoE~(-/-) mice model].
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Blood Circulation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ginsenosides; Hypoxia; Insulin Resistance; Mice; Mice, Knockout, ApoE; Pyrazines; Qi; Random Allocation | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine supplementation reduced Salmonella Typhimurium load and inflammatory response in broilers.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Diet; Gastrointestinal Contents; Inflammation; Male; Permeability; Poultry Diseases; Pyrazines; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine reduces the consequences of nitric oxide inhibition in pregnant rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Disease Models, Animal; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Heat-Shock Proteins; Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Membrane Proteins; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Placenta; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pyrazines; Rats; Transcription Factor CHOP; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 | 2019 |
Sinomenine facilitates the efficacy of gabapentin or ligustrazine hydrochloride in animal models of neuropathic pain.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Synergism; Gabapentin; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Morphinans; Neuralgia; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Pyrazines; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2019 |
Retinal Transcriptome Analysis in the Treatment of Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis with Tetramethylpyrazine Eye Drops.
Topics: Animals; Endotoxins; Female; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ophthalmic Solutions; Protective Agents; Pyrazines; Retina; Transcriptome; Uveitis | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption in ischemia/reperfusion injury through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Infarction; Cytoprotection; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Neurons; Pyrazines; Rats; Reperfusion Injury; Signal Transduction; STAT Transcription Factors; Tyrphostins; Water | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) protects rats against acute pancreatitis through NF-κB pathway.
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Apoptosis; Cytokines; Interleukin-6; Male; Mice; NF-kappa B; Pancreatitis; Pyrazines; Rats; Signal Transduction; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory injury in HUVECs by inhibiting Rho/ROCK pathway.
Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Amides; Apoptosis; Cell Survival; Cell-Derived Microparticles; Cytokines; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Protective Agents; Pyrazines; Pyridines; rho GTP-Binding Proteins; rho-Associated Kinases | 2019 |
Enhanced Migration of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Tetramethylpyrazine and Its Synergistic Effect on Angiogenesis and Neurogenesis After Cerebral Ischemia in Rats.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CXCL12; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Neurogenesis; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, CXCR4; Vasodilator Agents | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine guards against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats through inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB and activating Nrf2 and PPAR-γ signaling pathways.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cisplatin; Cytoprotection; Gene Expression Regulation; HMGB1 Protein; Kidney; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; PPAR gamma; Pyrazines; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 4 | 2019 |
Anti-aging effects exerted by Tetramethylpyrazine enhances self-renewal and neuronal differentiation of rat bMSCs by suppressing NF-kB signaling.
Topics: Animals; Cell Self Renewal; Cells, Cultured; Cellular Senescence; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Neurogenesis; Neuroprotective Agents; NF-kappa B; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine protects retinal ganglion cells against H2O2‑induced damage via the microRNA‑182/mitochondrial pathway.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Cells, Cultured; Hydrogen Peroxide; Ligusticum; Male; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mice, Inbred BALB C; MicroRNAs; Mitochondria; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Up-Regulation | 2019 |
Ligustrazine Attenuates Myocardial Injury Induced by Coronary Microembolization in Rats by Activating the PI3K/Akt Pathway.
Topics: Animals; Heart Injuries; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative Stress; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; Superoxide Dismutase; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine relieves LPS-induced pancreatic β-cell Min6 injury via regulation of miR-101/MKP-1.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line; Cytoprotection; Down-Regulation; Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Insulin Secretion; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; MicroRNAs; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; NF-kappa B; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Prevents Contrast-Induced Nephropathy via Modulating Tubular Cell Mitophagy and Suppressing Mitochondrial Fragmentation, CCL2/CCR2-Mediated Inflammation, and Intestinal Injury.
Topics: Animals; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Inflammation Mediators; Intestines; Male; Mitochondria; Mitophagy; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Analogue T-006 Promotes the Clearance of Alpha-synuclein by Enhancing Proteasome Activity in Parkinson's Disease Models.
Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Hydrazones; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Parkinson Disease; PC12 Cells; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; Pyrazines; Rats; Vasodilator Agents | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine downregulates transcription of the CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) via nuclear respiratory factor‑1 (Nrf‑1) in WERI‑Rb1 retinoblastoma cells.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Mice; Mice, Nude; Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1; Pyrazines; Receptors, CXCR4; Retinal Neoplasms; Retinoblastoma; Transcription, Genetic; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Vasodilator Agents; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays | 2019 |
Analysis of Chuanxiong Rhizoma substrate on production of ligustrazine in endophytic Bacillus subtilis by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fermentation; Mass Spectrometry; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Pyrazines; Rhizome; Time Factors | 2019 |
Ligustrazine Protects Homocysteine-Induced Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Modulating Mitochondrial Dysfunction.
Topics: Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Cells, Cultured; Cytochromes c; Cytoprotection; Homocysteine; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mitochondria; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction | 2019 |
Intraocular administration of tetramethylpyrazine hydrochloride to rats: a direct delivery pathway for brain targeting?
Topics: Animals; Biological Availability; Biological Transport; Brain; Drug Delivery Systems; Injections, Intraocular; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2019 |
BA-12 Inhibits Angiogenesis via Glutathione Metabolism Activation.
Topics: Animals; Betulinic Acid; Caenorhabditis elegans; Chorioallantoic Membrane; Drug Discovery; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Metabolomics; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Pyrazines; Triterpenes | 2019 |
The complete genome sequence of the thermophilic bacterium Laceyella sacchari FBKL4.010 reveals the basis for tetramethylpyrazine biosynthesis in Moutai-flavor Daqu.
Topics: Alcoholic Beverages; Computational Biology; Food Microbiology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Multigene Family; Pyrazines; Thermoactinomyces | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine prevents diabetes by activating PI3K/Akt/GLUT-4 signalling in animal model of type-2 diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Male; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction; Vasodilator Agents | 2019 |
[Tetramethylpyrazine promotes bone marrow repair in a C57 mouse model of X-rayinduced immune-mediated bone marrow failure].
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Pyrazines; Whole-Body Irradiation | 2019 |
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of cinnamic acid derivatives with synergetic neuroprotection and angiogenesis effect.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; Apoptosis; Capsaicin; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cinnamates; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Design; Humans; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Molecular Structure; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; RNA, Messenger; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 | 2019 |
Pharmacokinetic comparative study of tetramethylpyrazine and ferulic acid and their compatibility with different concentration of gastrodin and gastrodigenin on blood-stasis migraine model by blood-brain microdialysis method.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Benzyl Alcohols; Blood-Brain Barrier; Cold Temperature; Coumaric Acids; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Extracellular Fluid; Gastrodia; Glucosides; Humans; Ligusticum; Male; Microdialysis; Migraine Disorders; Permeability; Pyrazines; Rats; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Vasoconstriction | 2020 |
An Alkylpyrazine Synthesis Mechanism Involving l-Threonine-3-Dehydrogenase Describes the Production of 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine and 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine by Bacillus subtilis.
Topics: Acetone; Acetyl Coenzyme A; Acetyltransferases; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Bacillus subtilis; Catalysis; Flavoring Agents; Glycine; Pyrazines; Threonine | 2019 |
RETRACTED: Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced damage in ATDC5 cells via down-regulating MyD88.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cells, Cultured; Chondrocytes; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; NF-kappa B; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Vasodilator Agents | 2019 |
Tetramethylprazine attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through modulation of autophagy.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cardiotonic Agents; Cell Survival; Chromones; Creatine Kinase; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Morpholines; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocytes, Cardiac; Primary Cell Culture; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates diabetic nephropathy through the activation of Akt signalling pathway in rats.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Oxidative Stress; Protective Agents; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction | 2019 |
Ligustrazine prevents basilar artery remodeling in two-kidney-two-clip renovascular hypertension rats via suppressing PI3K/Akt signaling.
Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelin-1; Hypertension, Renovascular; Ligation; Male; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Nitric Oxide; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Renal Artery; Signal Transduction; Temporal Arteries; Vascular Remodeling | 2020 |
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of ligustrazine - betulin amino-acid/dipeptide derivatives as anti-tumor agents.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Dipeptides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Design; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Female; Humans; Male; Molecular Structure; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Triterpenes; Zebrafish | 2020 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Inhibits Platelet Adhesion and Inflammatory Response in Vascular Endothelial Cells by Inhibiting P38 MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Brain; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Line; Cytokines; Endothelial Cells; Glucose; Inflammation; Mice; NF-kappa B; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Platelet Adhesiveness; Pyrazines; Reperfusion Injury; Signal Transduction | 2020 |
Ligustrazine suppresses renal NMDAR1 and caspase-3 expressions in a mouse model of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Caspase 3; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Mice; Pyrazines; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sepsis | 2020 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Reduces Epileptogenesis Progression in Electrical Kindling Models by Modulating Hippocampal Excitatory Neurotransmission.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety; CA1 Region, Hippocampal; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Convulsants; Disease Progression; Electric Stimulation; Electroshock; Epilepsy, Complex Partial; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Exploratory Behavior; Ion Transport; Kindling, Neurologic; Long-Term Potentiation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neural Pathways; Pentylenetetrazole; Pyrazines; Recognition, Psychology; Seizures; Sodium Channels | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates placental oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and endoplasmic reticulum stress in a mouse model of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Diabetes, Gestational; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Female; Inflammation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oxidative Stress; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pyrazines | 2019 |
Novel Homo-Bivalent and Polyvalent Compounds Based on Ligustrazine and Heterocyclic Ring as Anticancer Agents.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Heterocyclic Compounds; Humans; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2019 |
Tetramethylpyrazine/Ligustrazine Can Improve the Survival Rate of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Mice; Mice, Nude; Pyrazines; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells | 2020 |
Tetramethylpyrazine: A promising drug for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Monocrotaline; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pulmonary Artery; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2020 |
Ligustrazine ameliorates acute kidney injury through downregulation of NOD2‑mediated inflammation.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Apoptosis; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Male; Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2020 |
Simultaneous taste-masking and oral bioavailability enhancement of Ligustrazine by forming sweet salts.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Animals; Biological Availability; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Permeability; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Saccharin; Solubility; Sweetening Agents; Taste; Thiazines; Young Adult | 2020 |
Dose-dependent effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the characteristics of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for stroke therapy.
Topics: Cell Movement; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Pyrazines; Stroke; Umbilical Cord; Vasodilator Agents | 2020 |
Enhanced Production of Tetramethylpyrazine in Bacillus licheniformis BL1 through aldC Over-expression and acetaldehyde Supplementation.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacterial Proteins; Carboxy-Lyases; Fermentation; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Metabolic Engineering; Plasmids; Pyrazines | 2020 |
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New HDAC1 and HDAC2 Inhibitors Endowed with Ligustrazine as a Novel Cap Moiety.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Drug Design; Gefitinib; Histone Deacetylase 1; Histone Deacetylase 2; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; HT29 Cells; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Molecular Docking Simulation; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2020 |
Fabrication of Ligusticum chuanxiong polylactic acid microspheres: A promising way to enhance the hepatoprotective effect on bioactive ingredients.
Topics: Animals; Delayed-Action Preparations; Half-Life; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Ligusticum; Liver; Male; Mice; Microspheres; Plant Extracts; Polyesters; Pyrazines | 2020 |
Optimal extraction bioactive components of tetramethylpyrazine in Chinese herbal medicine jointly using back propagation neural network and genetic algorithm in R language.
Topics: Algorithms; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ligusticum; Models, Theoretical; Neural Networks, Computer; Pyrazines | 2020 |
Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates iron overload damage in vascular endothelium via upregulating DDAHII expression.
Topics: Amidohydrolases; Apoptosis; Arginine; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Endothelium, Vascular; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Iron Overload; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2020 |
Pharmacological appraisal of ligustrazine based cyclohexanone analogs as inhibitors of inflammatory markers.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cyclohexanones; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Inflammation; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2020 |
Ligustrazine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide‑induced neurocognitive impairment by activating autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Down-Regulation; Female; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Neurocognitive Disorders; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases | 2020 |
Tetramethylpyrazine reduces inflammation levels and the apoptosis of LPS‑stimulated human periodontal ligament cells via the downregulation of miR‑302b.
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Down-Regulation; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Lipopolysaccharides; MicroRNAs; NF-kappa B; Osteogenesis; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontitis; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Stem Cells; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2020 |
Intestinal lymphatic transport study of antitumor lead compound T-OA with liposomes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Intestinal Absorption; Liposomes; Lymphatic Vessels; Male; Oleanolic Acid; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2020 |
Tetramethylpyrazine reduces prostate cancer malignancy through inactivation of the DPP10‑AS1/CBP/FOXM1 signaling pathway.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; Biopsy; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; CREB-Binding Protein; Forkhead Box Protein M1; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Humans; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Pyrazines; RNA, Long Noncoding; Signal Transduction; Up-Regulation; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays | 2020 |
Pharmacokinetic study of tanshinol and ligustrazine in rat plasma after intravenous administration of tanshinol and Danshen Chuanxiongqin Injection.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Animals; Caffeic Acids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Linear Models; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2020 |
Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates hepatic fibrosis through autophagy-mediated inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Carbon Tetrachloride; Cell Line, Tumor; Chromones; Chronic Disease; Fibrinolytic Agents; Hepatic Stellate Cells; Inflammation; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Morpholines; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction | 2020 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Integrity by Modulating Microglia Polarization Through Activation of STAT3/SOCS3 and Inhibition of NF-кB Signaling Pathways in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cell Polarity; Cytokines; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Endothelial Cells; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interferon-gamma; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microglia; Microvessels; Neuroprotection; NF-kappa B; Phenotype; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Spinal Cord; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein | 2021 |
Tetramethylpyrazine enhanced the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Heme Oxygenase-1; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Umbilical Cord | 2020 |
Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates endotoxin-induced retinal inflammation by inhibiting microglial activation via the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Male; Microglia; NF-kappa B; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Uveitis | 2020 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuated Sevoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity by Enhancing Autophagy through GPR50/CREB Pathway in SH-SY5Y Cells.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; Apoptosis; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Protein 5; CREB-Binding Protein; Gene Expression; Humans; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuroprostanes; Pyrazines; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Sevoflurane; Signal Transduction; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2020 |
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of ligustrazine/resveratrol hybrids as potential anti-ischemic stroke agents.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Brain Ischemia; Molecular Structure; Neuroprotective Agents; PC12 Cells; Platelet Aggregation; Pyrazines; Rabbits; Rats; Resveratrol | 2020 |
Synergistic Effect of Combined Artesunate and Tetramethylpyrazine in Experimental Cerebral Malaria.
Topics: Animals; Antimalarials; Artesunate; Malaria, Cerebral; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pyrazines; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A | 2020 |
Protective Effects of Astragalus Membranaceus and Ligustrazine on Rat Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell Injury after Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/ Reoxygenation by Suppressing the PKCδ/MARCKS Pathway.
Topics: Animals; Astragalus propinquus; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endothelial Cells; Glucose; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C Kinase Substrate; Oxygen; Protective Agents; Protein Kinase C-delta; Pyrazines; Rats | 2021 |
A HPLC-DAD-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Six Active Ingredients of
Topics: Alkenes; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Molecular Structure; Plasma; Polyphenols; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2021 |
Evaluation of Ligustrazine-Based Synthetic Compounds for their Antiproliferative Effects.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; ErbB Receptors; Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; Humans; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tubulin Modulators | 2021 |
2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine improves diet-induced whole-body insulin resistance via suppressing white adipose tissue lipolysis in mice.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Fatty Liver; Glucose; Insulin Resistance; Lipolysis; Male; Mice; Muscle, Skeletal; Pyrazines | 2020 |
Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates acute kidney injury by inhibiting NLRP3/HIF‑1α and apoptosis.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Down-Regulation; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Male; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury | 2020 |
The Effect of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with Tetramethylpyrazine Therapy on Ischemic Brain Injury: A Histological Study.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Cells, Cultured; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Motor Activity; Nerve Regeneration; Neurogenesis; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recovery of Function; Signal Transduction; Umbilical Cord | 2020 |
Pharmacokinetic comparative study of GAS with different concentration of tetramethylpyrazine and ferulic acid on liver-yang hyperactivity migraine model by blood-brain microdialysis method.
Topics: Animals; Benzyl Alcohols; Brain; Coumaric Acids; Glucosides; Liver; Microdialysis; Migraine Disorders; Pyrazines | 2020 |
Combination of Danshen and ligustrazine has dual anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages and endothelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cytokines; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Macrophages; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza | 2021 |
Ligustrazine-induced microRNA-16-5p inhibition alleviates preeclampsia through IGF-2.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; Lipopolysaccharides; MicroRNAs; Placenta; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Trophoblasts; Vasodilator Agents | 2020 |
Synthesis of Ligustrazine from Acetaldehyde by a Combined Biological-Chemical Approach.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Acetoin; Biocatalysis; Codon Usage; Codon, Initiator; Plant Proteins; Pyrazines | 2020 |
Identifying the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine against cisplatin‑induced in vitro ototoxicity in HEI‑OC1 auditory cells using gene expression profiling.
Topics: Abietanes; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; China; Cisplatin; Databases, Genetic; Gene Expression Profiling; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Mice; Ototoxicity; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction | 2020 |
The Role of Nanoparticles-Mediated Ligustrazine in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis and Its Effect on Matrix Metalloproteinases and Upstream NF-
Topics: Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Nanoparticles; NF-kappa B; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction | 2021 |
Ligustrazine inhibits the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells via regulating miR-211.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; MicroRNAs; Ovarian Neoplasms; Pyrazines | 2021 |
Ligustrazine induces the colorectal cancer cells apoptosis via p53-dependent mitochondrial pathway and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Proliferation; Colorectal Neoplasms; G1 Phase; Humans; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 | 2021 |
[Reversal effect of peptide-modified chitosan tetramethylpyrazine nanoparticles on multidrug resistance in tumor cells].
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Chitosan; Doxorubicin; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Nanoparticles; Peptides; Pyrazines | 2020 |
2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine protects retinal photoreceptors against endoplasmic reticulum stress by modulating ATF4-mediated inhibition of PRP aggregation.
Topics: Activating Transcription Factor 4; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Electroretinography; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Eye Proteins; Fasting; Female; Glucose; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Prion Proteins; Protein Aggregates; Protein Aggregation, Pathological; Pyrazines; Retina; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells; Retinal Degeneration; Single-Blind Method; Solubility; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Transcription, Genetic | 2021 |
TAT-modified serum albumin nanoparticles for sustained-release of tetramethylpyrazine and improved targeting to spinal cord injury.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Male; Mice; Nanoparticles; Pyrazines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serum Albumin; Spinal Cord Injuries; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Vasodilator Agents | 2021 |
Ligustrazine induces viability, suppresses apoptosis and autophagy of retinal ganglion cells with ischemia/reperfusion injury through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cell Survival; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Reperfusion Injury; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases | 2021 |
Salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine hydrochloride injection combined with mecobalamin for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Diabetic Neuropathies; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Injections; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Neural Conduction; Phytotherapy; Pyrazines; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Systematic Review as Topic; Vitamin B 12 | 2021 |
Diffusion kurtosis imaging to evaluate the effect and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine on cognitive impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats.
Topics: Animals; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Lipopolysaccharides; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2021 |
Ligustrazine Suppresses Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB-Induced Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Inflammation by Regulating the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.
Topics: Animals; Becaplermin; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; China; Disease Models, Animal; Inflammation; Male; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Plant Extracts; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2021 |
Ligustrazine alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity via the inhibition of Txnip/Trx/NF-κB pathway.
Topics: Animals; Carrier Proteins; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cyclophosphamide; Gene Expression Regulation; Inflammasomes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mutagens; NF-kappa B; Pyrazines; Thioredoxins; Vasodilator Agents | 2021 |
Investigation on drug entrapment location in liposomes and transfersomes based on molecular dynamics simulation.
Topics: Coumarins; Drug Carriers; Fluorouracil; Liposomes; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Pyrazines; Solubility | 2021 |
[Ligustrazine alleviates the tissue injury of the submandibular glands by enhanceing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic rats].
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Submandibular Gland | 2021 |
Effect of ligustrazine nanoparticles on Th1/Th2 balance by TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in rats with postoperative peritoneal adhesion.
Topics: Animals; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; Nanoparticles; NF-kappa B; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Th1-Th2 Balance; Tissue Adhesions; Toll-Like Receptor 4 | 2021 |
Tetramethylpyrazine supplementation improves performance, digestion, blood and immune state of broilers exposure to oxidative stress.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Male; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines | 2022 |
Vinegar/Tetramethylpyrazine Induces Nutritional Preconditioning Protecting the Myocardium Mediated by VDAC1.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Male; Mice; Myocardium; Nutrition Assessment; Pyrazines; Rats; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1 | 2021 |
TAT-modified tetramethylpyrazine-loaded nanoparticles for targeted treatment of spinal cord injury.
Topics: Animals; Nanoparticles; Neuroprotective Agents; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2021 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Improves Cognitive Function of Alzheimer's Disease Mice by Regulating SSTR4 Ubiquitination.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Cognition; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Pyrazines; Rats; Receptors, Somatostatin; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Ubiquitination | 2021 |
Intra-Articular Injection of a Nanosuspension of Tetramethylpyrazine Dihydroxynaphthalenate for Stronger and Longer-Lasting Effects Against Osteoarthritis.
Topics: Animals; Injections, Intra-Articular; Ligusticum; Osteoarthritis; Pyrazines; Rats | 2021 |
Ligustrazine Attenuates Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced Alzheimer-like Pathologies in Rats.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Hippocampus; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Memory Disorders; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Phosphorylation; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2021 |
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel ligustrazine-chalcone derivatives as potential anti-triple negative breast cancer agents.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Chalcone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Molecular Structure; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms | 2021 |
Protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on dysfunction of the locus coeruleus in rats exposed to single prolonged stress by anti-ER stress mechanism.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Locus Coeruleus; Pyrazines; Rats; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic | 2021 |
Interaction mechanism of kafirin with ferulic acid and tetramethyl pyrazine: Multiple spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies.
Topics: Coumaric Acids; Molecular Docking Simulation; Pyrazines; Sorghum | 2021 |
Artesunate and Tetramethylpyrazine Exert Effects on Experimental Cerebral Malaria in a Mechanism of Protein
Topics: Artesunate; Humans; Malaria, Cerebral; Nitric Oxide; Protein S; Pyrazines | 2021 |
Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps formation and alleviates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver transplantation.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Antioxidants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Extracellular Traps; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Liver; Liver Transplantation; Male; NADPH Oxidases; Neutrophils; Onium Compounds; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Treatment Outcome | 2021 |
Tetramethylpyrazine induces the release of BDNF from BM-MSCs through activation of the PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway.
Topics: Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction | 2021 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Alleviates Tight Junction Disruption of Bronchial Mucosal Epithelial Cells Caused by Interleukin-17 via Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-κB-p65/Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Signaling Pathway.
Topics: Acute Lung Injury; Bronchi; Cell Line; Cytokines; Epithelial Cells; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-17; Mucous Membrane; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; Tight Junctions; Transcription Factor RelA; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein | 2021 |
Activation of UQCRC2-dependent mitophagy by tetramethylpyrazine inhibits MLKL-mediated hepatocyte necroptosis in alcoholic liver disease.
Topics: Electron Transport Complex III; Hepatocytes; Humans; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic; Mitophagy; Necroptosis; Protein Kinases; Pyrazines | 2022 |
Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress‑activated apoptosis and related inflammation in chondrocytes.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Chondrocytes; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Extracellular Matrix; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Heat-Shock Proteins; Inflammation; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Osteoarthritis; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Transcription Factor CHOP | 2022 |
Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates diabetes-induced high platelet response and endothelial adhesion via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Topics: Animals; Blood Platelets; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Inflammasomes; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; NLR Proteins; Pyrazines; Rats | 2022 |
Natural inspired ligustrazine-based SLC-0111 analogues as novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Biological Products; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Carbonic Anhydrases; Cell Proliferation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Isoenzymes; MCF-7 Cells; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Phenylurea Compounds; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfonamides | 2022 |
Ligustrazine protects against chronic hypertensive glaucoma in rats by inhibiting autophagy via the PI3K-Akt/mTOR pathway.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Glaucoma; Humans; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Sirolimus; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases | 2021 |
Ligustrazine Inhibits Lung Phosphodiesterase Activity in a Rat Model of Allergic Asthma.
Topics: Airway Resistance; Allergens; Animals; Asthma; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Computational Biology; Disease Models, Animal; Immunoglobulin E; Lung; Male; Ovalbumin; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; RNA, Messenger | 2022 |
Folium
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ginkgo biloba; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammasomes; Ischemic Stroke; Male; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury | 2022 |
Molecular Mechanism of Tetramethylpyrazine Ameliorating Neuroexcitotoxicity through Activating the PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Glutamic Acid; Molecular Docking Simulation; Neurons; PC12 Cells; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrazines; Rats; Signal Transduction | 2022 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Retards the Progression and Fibrogenesis of Endometriosis.
Topics: Animals; Cell Transdifferentiation; Endometriosis; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Female; Humans; Mice; Myofibroblasts; Pyrazines | 2022 |
Simultaneous improvement of physical stability, dissolution, bioavailability, and antithrombus efficacy of Aspirin and Ligustrazine through cocrystallization.
Topics: Aspirin; Biological Availability; Crystallization; Pyrazines; Solubility | 2022 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Improves Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension through the ROS/iNOS/PKG-1 Axis.
Topics: Animals; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Monocrotaline; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Protein Kinases; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species | 2022 |
Research progress on the pharmacy of tetramethylpyrazine and its pharmacological activity in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Topics: Brain Ischemia; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Pharmacy; Pyrazines | 2022 |
Ligustrazine alleviates psoriasis-like inflammation through inhibiting TRAF6/c-JUN/NFκB signaling pathway in keratinocyte.
Topics: Inflammation; Keratinocytes; Ligusticum; NF-kappa B; Psoriasis; Pyrazines; Signal Transduction; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 | 2022 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Attenuates Cognitive Impairment Via Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Apoptosis; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Maze Learning; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Pyrazines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2022 |
Preventive effect of tetramethylpyrazine on nitroglycerin-tolerance in rats by improving oxidative stress and ribosome homeostasis.
Topics: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; Animals; Homeostasis; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Nitroglycerin; Oxidative Stress; Proteomics; Pyrazines; Rats; Ribosomes | 2022 |
rocF affects the production of tetramethylpyrazine in fermented soybeans with Bacillus subtilis BJ3-2.
Topics: Ammonia; Arginine; Bacillus subtilis; Glycine max; Pyrazines; Soy Foods | 2022 |
A combination of tetramethylpyrazine hydrochloride and butylphthalide on serum S100B, CRP, Hcy levels and NIHSS score in patients with acute cerebral infarction: A retrospective study.
Topics: Acute Disease; Benzofurans; Brain Ischemia; Cerebral Infarction; Humans; Pyrazines; Retrospective Studies; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; Stroke | 2022 |
Ligustrazine prevents coronary microcirculation dysfunction in rats via suppression of miR-34a-5p and promotion of Sirt1.
Topics: Animals; Heart Diseases; Inflammation; Microcirculation; MicroRNAs; Pyrazines; Rats; Sirtuin 1 | 2022 |
2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine Targets Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Abrogating Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Expression and TGFβ-Driven Signaling Cascades in Colon Cancer Cells.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Colonic Neoplasms; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Humans; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Pyrazines; Superoxide Dismutase; Transforming Growth Factor beta | 2022 |
Tetramethylpyrazine Protects Endothelial Injury and Antithrombosis via Antioxidant and Antiapoptosis in HUVECs and Zebrafish.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Fibrinolytic Agents; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Ligusticum; Pyrazines; Thrombosis; Zebrafish | 2022 |
Increasing brain glucose metabolism by ligustrazine piperazine ameliorates cognitive deficits through PPARγ-dependent enhancement of mitophagy in APP/PS1 mice.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Brain; Cognition; Disease Models, Animal; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Glucose; Luciferases; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Mitophagy; Piperazine; PPAR gamma; Presenilin-1; Protein Kinases; Pyrazines; Rats; Sequestosome-1 Protein; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases | 2022 |
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Nitric Oxide-Donating Ligustrazine Derivatives as Potent Antiplatelet Aggregation Agents.
Topics: Arachidonic Acid; Nitric Oxide; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2023 |
Screening and identification of high yield tetramethylpyrazine strains in Nongxiangxing liquor Daqu and study on the mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine production.
Topics: Amino Acids; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Fermentation; Pyrazines | 2023 |