tetracycline and alizarin

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy implants on mineral apposition rate and new BIC contact in rabbits. Twelve Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy implants were fabricated and placed into the right femur sites in six rabbits, and commercially pure titanium implants were used as controls in the left femur. Tetracycline and alizarin red were administered 3 weeks and 1 week before euthanization, respectively. At 4 weeks and 8 weeks after implantation, animals were euthanized, respectively. Surface characterization and implant-bone contact surface analysis were performed by using a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive X-ray detector. Mineral apposition rate was evaluated using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Toluidine blue staining was performed on undecalcified sections for histology and histomorphology evaluation. Scanning electron microscope and histomorphology observation revealed a direct contact between implants and bone of all groups. After a healing period of 4 weeks, Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy implants showed significantly higher mineral apposition rate compared to commercially pure titanium implants (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy implants and commercially pure titanium implants (P > 0.05) at 8 weeks. No significant difference of bone-to-implant contact was observed between Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy implants and commercially pure titanium implants implants after a healing period of 4 weeks and 8 weeks. This study showed that Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy implants could establish a close direct contact comparedto commercially pure titanium implants implants, improved mineral matrix apposition rate, and may someday be an alternative as a material for dental implants.

Topics: Alloys; Animals; Anthraquinones; Dental Implants; Femur; Implants, Experimental; Microscopy, Confocal; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Niobium; Osseointegration; Rabbits; Silicon; Surface Properties; Tantalum; Tetracycline; Titanium; X-Rays; Zirconium

The purposes of the present study were to evaluate the effects of frequent applications of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on corticotomy-assisted tooth movement in a beagle dog model and to compare the effects in the mandible and maxilla.. In 4 male beagles, the maxillary and mandibular second premolars were extracted. The third premolars were corticotomized and then protracted from the canines with a continuous force of 200 g. Daily LLLT (using an aluminum gallium indium phosphide [AlGaInP] diode) was applied at the buccal mucosa of the corticotomized premolars on 1 side only. The tooth movement was measured for 8 weeks. Fluorochromes were injected intravenously at the start of the experiment (T0) and after 2 (T2), 4 (T4), and 8 (T8) weeks to evaluate new bone formation on the tension sides. Histomorphometric and immunohistologic evaluations were performed.. In the mandible, the movement of the corticotomized premolars in the LLLT plus corticotomy group was less than that in the corticotomy-only group, although the difference was not statistically significant. In the maxilla, no significant differences between the 2 groups were found. Osteoclastic and proliferating cell activities and the amount of new bone formation were greater in the mandibular LLLT plus corticotomy group than in the corticotomy-only group.. The frequent application of LLLT showed no significant effect on the corticotomized tooth movement.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alveolar Process; Animals; Anthraquinones; Bicuspid; Bone Resorption; Cell Proliferation; Dogs; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Isoenzymes; Lasers, Semiconductor; Low-Level Light Therapy; Male; Mandible; Maxilla; Models, Animal; Orthodontic Wires; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Pilot Projects; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Root Resorption; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Tooth Movement Techniques

Our previous studies have shown good biocompatibility of fluorapatite (FA) crystal surfaces in providing a favorable environment for functional cell-matrix interactions of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and also in supporting their long-term growth. The aim of the current study was to further investigate whether this enamel-like surface can support the differentiation and mineralization of DPSCs, and, therefore, act as a potential model for studying the enamel/dentin interface and, perhaps, dentine/pulp regeneration in tooth tissue engineering. The human pathway-focused osteogenesis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array demonstrated that the expression of osteogenesis-related genes of human DPSCs was increased on FA surfaces compared with that on etched stainless steel (SSE). Consistent with the PCR array, FA promoted mineralization compared with the SSE surface with or without the addition of a mineralization promoting supplement (MS). This was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin red staining, and tetracycline staining for mineral formation. In conclusion, FA crystal surfaces, especially ordered (OR) FA surfaces, which mimicked the physical architecture of enamel, provided a favorable extracellular matrix microenvironment for the cells. This resulted in the differentiation of human DPSCs and mineralized tissue formation, and, thus, demonstrated that it may be a promising biomimetic model for dentin-pulp tissue engineering.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Anthraquinones; Apatites; Calcification, Physiologic; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Dental Enamel; Dental Pulp; Fluorescence; Humans; Osteogenesis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Signal Transduction; Staining and Labeling; Stem Cells; Tetracycline

Placement of mini-implants carries with it the risk of iatrogenic damage to the adjacent root surfaces. The aims of this study were to assess the type of trauma incurred on tooth roots after contact or approximation with mini-implants during placement, and to observe and analyze the healing responses via histologic analysis.. Four male minipigs were used as experimental subjects. Twenty mini-implants (1.6 × 8 mm) were implanted in each minipig into the buccal sides of all 4 quadrants between the roots of teeth so that contact or approximation between the mini-implant and root surface occurred, with the aid of dental fluoroscopy. All mini-implants on the left side of the mouth were left in situ, and all mini-implants on the right side were removed immediately after placement. The minipigs were killed at 4-week intervals up to week 16, and histologic sections were made.. When mini-implants were left in situ, the root surface was mostly resorbed away from the mini-implant thread. Partial repair started at 8 weeks. When the mini-implant thread was left touching the root, there was no normal healing response. If the mini-implant was placed less than 1 mm from the periodontal ligament, resorption was evident on the root surface. Abnormal healing responses were seen when the pulp tissue was ruptured, mostly through osteodentin formation. In all instances after mini-implant removal immediately after placement, varying degrees of cementum repair was observed.. Immediate removal of the mini-implant leads to cementum repair, whereas leaving the mini-implant in place will cause either a delay in repair or no repair. Placing mini-implants less than 1 mm from the root surface causes root-surface resorption.

Topics: Animals; Anthraquinones; Cementogenesis; Dental Cementum; Dental Implants; Dental Pulp; Dentin, Secondary; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Fluoroscopy; Male; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; Periodontal Ligament; Root Resorption; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Swine; Swine, Miniature; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Tooth Root; Wound Healing

The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of clodronate, a first-generation bisphosphonate, on early alveolar bone remodeling and root resorption related to orthodontic tooth movement.. The samples consisted of 54 sex-matched Wistar rats (weight, 180-230 g) allocated to the 2.5 mmol/L clodronate, 10 mmol/L clodronate, and control groups (n = 18 for each group). After application of a nickel-titanium closed-coil spring (force, 60 g) between the maxillary central incisor and first molar, 2.5 mmol/L of clodronate, 10 mmol/L of clodronate, or saline solution was injected into the subperiosteum adjacent to the maxillary first molar every third day. All animals received tetracycline, calcein, and alizarin red by intraperitoneal injection at 1, 6, and 14 days, respectively. The amounts of tooth movement were measured at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days. The animals were killed at 4, 7, and 17 days. Histomorphometric analyses of bone mineral appositional rate, labeled surface, percentage of root resorption area, and number of root resorption lacunae of the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar at 4, 7, and 17 days were done. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the post-hoc test were done for statistical analyses.. Rats in the 10 mmol/L clodronate group had significant decreases of tooth movement (12 and 15 days, P <0.05) and percentages of root resorption area and numbers of root resorption lacunae (7 day, P <0.05), and increases of labeled surface and mineral appositional rates (17 day, P <0.05) over those of the 2.5 mmol/L clodronate and control groups.. Although clodronate might decrease root resorption related to orthodontic tooth movement, patients should be informed about a possible decrease in the amount of tooth movement and a prolonged period of orthodontic treatment.

Topics: Alveolar Process; Animals; Anthraquinones; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Remodeling; Calcification, Physiologic; Clodronic Acid; Dental Alloys; Female; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Incisor; Male; Molar; Nickel; Orthodontic Wires; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Root Resorption; Stress, Mechanical; Tetracycline; Time Factors; Titanium; Tooth Movement Techniques

Modifying the balance between resorption and apposition through selectively injuring the cortical plate of the alveolus has been an approach to speed tooth movement and is referred to as periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics. The aim of this study was to investigate the alveolar response to corticotomy as a function of time and proximity to the surgical injury in a rat model.. Maxillary buccal and lingual cortical plates were injured in 36 healthy adult rats adjacent to the upper left first molars. Twenty-four animals were euthanized at 3, 7, or 11 weeks. In one group, the maxillae were removed and stripped of soft tissues, and histomorphometric analysis was performed to study alveolar spongiosa and periodontal ligament (PDL) modeling dynamics. Catabolic activity was analyzed with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts and preosteoclasts. Anabolic actions were measured using a fluorescent vital bone stain series followed by sacrifice at 30 and 51 days. To further analyze the new bone formation, a separate group of animals were fed with calcein fluorescent stain and processed for non-decalcified fluorescent stain histology.. At 3 weeks, the surgery group had significantly (P <0.05) less calcified spongiosa bone surface, greater periodontal ligament surface, higher osteoclast number, and greater lamina dura apposition width. The catabolic activity (osteoclast count) and anabolic activity (apposition rate) were three-fold greater, calcified spongiosa decreased by two-fold, and PDL surface increased by two-fold. Surgical injury to the alveolus that induced a significant increase in tissue turnover by week 3 dissipated to a steady state by postoperative week 11. The impact of the injury was localized to the area immediately adjacent to the decortication injury.. Selective alveolar decortication induced increased turnover of alveolar spongiosa, and the activity was localized; dramatic escalation of demineralization-remineralization dynamics is the likely biologic mechanism underlying rapid tooth movement following selective alveolar decortication.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alveolar Process; Animals; Anthraquinones; Biomarkers; Bone Remodeling; Bone Resorption; Cell Count; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Isoenzymes; Maxilla; Models, Animal; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Osteotomy; Periodontal Ligament; Rats; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Tetracycline; Time Factors

Titanium is the ideal metal for intra-osseous dental implants. It permits the natural formation of an oxide layer on its surface and thereby it prevents the release of potentially toxic molecules. New formation of bone around implants, partially placed into the bone marrow cavity, is a gradual process that runs from the endosteum to the surface of the implant. Deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals on collagen type I fibrils is initiated by acidic proteins and leads to bone mineralization. This study analyzed the effects of hydroxyapatite upon peri-implant bone formation after insertion of smooth titanium implants. Screw-shaped smooth titanium implants of 3.75 mm thickness and 8.5 mm length were inserted into the metaphysis of rabbit tibia, either together with bovine hydroxyapatite into the right tibia or in controls without hydroxyapatite into the left tibia. Polyfluorochrome tracers (alizarin complex, calcein, tetracycline) were injected subcutaneously at different time intervals after implantation to evaluate the time frame of bone new formation over a period of 8 weeks. All samples were processed for histology and analyzed by fluorescence and polarizing microscopy. Our results showed a higher quantity of mature type I collagen fibers around implants and an acceleration of bone formation in the presence of hydroxyapatite. Mainly immature organic matrix was formed at the surface of implants in controls. The presence of hydroxyapatite seems to promote the maturation of collagen fibers surrounding the titanium implants and to support osteoconduction. Moreover, new formation of bone was faster in all samples where implants were inserted together with hydroxyapatite.

Topics: Animals; Anthraquinones; Bone and Bones; Bone Development; Bone Remodeling; Bone Screws; Coloring Agents; Drug Implants; Durapatite; Female; Fluoresceins; Models, Animal; Rabbits; Tetracycline; Titanium

The purpose of this study is to analyze the bone remodeling process after the placement of threaded implants with rough (RBM) and hydroxyapatite coated surfaces (HA) in rabbit tibias using polyfluorochrome sequential labeling. Histomorphometry was performed in order to quantify the amount of each label deposited during the healing period. This work demonstrates the possibility of periodic identification of apatite deposition during bone remodeling around titanium and ceramic implants. It has been concluded that the polyfluorochrome sequential labeling is an important tool for identification of bone remodeling after the insertion of titanium and ceramic implants inside rabbit tibias.

Topics: Animals; Anthraquinones; Bone Remodeling; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Durapatite; Fluoresceins; Models, Animal; Rabbits; Tetracycline; Tibia

The mechanism of the buccal shields with regard to regulating the transversal relationship of the maxillary dental arch is uncertain. The periosteal pull theory, growth at the midpalatal suture and changes in equilibrium have all been proposed as explanatory factors. The aim of the study was to investigate the transversal development of the dental arch and the osseous remodeling at the lateral surfaces of the maxillary alveolar process and in the midpalatal suture after stretching the bucca (cheek) with buccal shields in the vestibulum. Ten New Zealand white male rabbits 12 weeks old were used. The animals were divided into two groups (control and experimental). Initial and final impression had been taken from the two groups and plaster models were made using biometric analysis in all animals of each group. Transversal measurements were taken of the distances between the maxillary right and left teeth. Tetracycline hydrochloride and Alizarin complexone were used to label the mineralizing tissues. After the animals had been killed, the biopsies from the midpalatal suture, the alveolar wall, and the periosteum were studied under a microscope. The results from the biometric analysis showed maxillary dental arch expansion in the two groups that was significantly larger in the experimental group. Microscopically, the growth at the midpalatal suture was also significantly larger in the experimental group, while no significant differences were found at the maxillary alveolar bone in the two groups. The conclusions drawn from this study are that the vestibular buccal shields bring about an increased expansion of the maxillary dental arch and increased growth at the midpalatal suture. No increased bone deposition was found at the buccal dentoalveolar wall, inducing doubts as to the accuracy of the periosteal pull theory for widening of the dental arch.

Topics: Activator Appliances; Alveolar Process; Animals; Anthraquinones; Biometry; Bone Remodeling; Cephalometry; Coloring Agents; Cranial Sutures; Dental Arch; Dental Impression Technique; Male; Maxilla; Models, Dental; Osteogenesis; Palatal Expansion Technique; Palate; Periosteum; Rabbits; Tetracycline; Tooth

This study was undertaken to determine if autogenous bone can be cultivated in vivo in a porous hydroxylapatite (HA) matrix by ingrowth from underlying bone and if this autogenous HA-bone composite graft can then be transplanted.. Five Göttingen minipigs received subperiosteal implantation of one HA block each (40 x 10 x 10 mm), covered by a polylactic membrane, on the ascending ramus of the mandible. After 5 months, half of each implant was harvested and transplanted as an onlay graft to the horizontal ramus of the mandible with simultaneous insertion of a titanium implant. Polychrome fluorescence labeling was done 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively. After 3 months, the vascular system of the animals was filled with BaSO4 for microangiographic examination, and all blocks were retrieved.. Fluorescence microscopy showed that there was a significant decrease in deposition of the label in the grafted blocks at 1 week when compared with later labels. After the second week, there were no significant changes. A 20% to 30% decrease in the frequency of fluorochrome staining was noted in the upper third of each block. In this region, microangiography demonstrated highly vascularized tissue and limited bone resorption.. It was concluded that cultivation of mandibular bone in a porous matrix under guided bone regeneration is possible and that this autogenous HA-bone composite graft can be transplanted at a later date.

Topics: Angiography; Animals; Anthraquinones; Bone Regeneration; Bone Resorption; Bone Transplantation; Dental Implants; Durapatite; Female; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Haversian System; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Mandible; Microradiography; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Osteoblasts; Polyesters; Polymers; Prostheses and Implants; Swine; Swine, Miniature; Tetracycline; Titanium; Transplantation, Autologous

Substances that bind calcium are given to determine where and how fast bone is forming. Several vital dyes are used (tetracycline, calcein, alizarin, xylenol), but it is not known whether the histomorphometric results they provide are equivalent. This work tests whether different fluorochrome labels give the same results when they are quantitatively measured. Twelve-week-old rats (n = 58) were divided into six groups and given double labels IP of calcein, tetracycline HCl, alizarin complexone, or xylenol using a 1-7-1 scheme. Two other groups received either calcein followed by tetracycline, or tetracycline followed by calcein. Our results show that (a) tetracycline hydrochloride leads to a significant underestimation of mineralizing surface when given as the second label, probably because of its weak fluorescence; (b) there were no differences among any of the non-tetracycline labels for any of the histomorphometric measurements; (c) there was no evidence of osteoblast suppression with any label; and (d) there was no evidence that tetracycline caused increased osteoblast resting periods.

Topics: Animals; Anthraquinones; Bone and Bones; Bone Development; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Histocytochemistry; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tetracycline; Xylenes

The assessment of new attachment after periodontal treatment has been the focus of continuous research. An approach to longitudinally examine the deposition of cementum was devised by using fluorescence microscopy (FL), contact microradiography (CMR), and toluidine blue staining (TBS) after the injection of three labeling agents known to be incorporated within newly mineralized tissues with different tones: tetracycline, calcein, and alizarin complexion. Three adult Japanese monkeys (male, 6.0 to 8.3 Kg weight) were used for this experiment. Bone defects were surgically created in 24 mandibular sites and a copper plate was inserted for a period of 4 weeks to promote microbial colonization to form periodontal pockets. Scaling and root planing (baseline) were then performed, and the fluorescent agents were administered twice weekly leaving a 1 week interval between the different agents. The mandibular specimens were fixed in neutralized formalin and embedded in polyester resin. Undecalcified sections were prepared 3, 6, and 9 weeks after baseline. Cementum regeneration was confirmed in 18 out of 24 sites; in 6 samples only epithelial proliferation was observed. Regeneration could be seen as early as 2 weeks after debridement. Cementum was identified by observation under FL of a labeled structure, discrimination in the degree of mineralization of dentin by CMR, and by the presence of functional collagen fibers and location of the epithelial border by TBS. In this study the use of three different labeling agents using the three observation techniques was shown to be effective for the longitudinal assessment of cementum regeneration.

Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Anthraquinones; Dental Cementum; Dental Scaling; Fluoresceins; Fluorescent Dyes; Indicators and Reagents; Longitudinal Studies; Macaca; Male; Microradiography; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; Regeneration; Tetracycline; Tolonium Chloride; Tooth Root

The material herein is an extension of an earlier study of osteocyte lacunae in calcium-deficient rats, utilizing morphometric measurements in undecalcified bone sections and scanning electron microscopy. The results confirm our earlier finding that bone resorption resulting from a low-calcium diet is not accompanied by osteocytic resorption.

Topics: Animals; Anthraquinones; Calcium; Femur; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Ultraviolet; Osteocytes; Osteogenesis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tetracycline