swertiamarin and geniposide

This paper utilized a quantitative (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (qHNMR) method for assessing the purity of iridoids and secoiridoids. The method was fully validated, including specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and robustness. For optimization of experimental conditions, several experimental parameters were investigated, including relaxation delay (D1), scan numbers (NS) and power length (PL1). The quantification was based on the area ratios of H-3 from analytes relative to aromatic protons from 1,4-dinitrobenzene (internal standard) with methanol-d4 as solvent. Five iridoids and secoiridoids (sweroside, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, geniposide, genipin) were analyzed. Furthermore, the results were validated by the high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) method. It can be concluded that the qHNMR method was simple, rapid, and accurate, providing a reliable and superior method for assessing the purity of iridoids and secoiridoids.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Pyrones; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity

A sensitive and efficient liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of gentiopicroside, geniposide, baicalin, and swertiamarin in rat plasma. To avoid the stress caused by restraint or anesthesia, a freely moving rat model was used to investigate the pharmacokinetics of herbal medicine after the administration of a traditional Chinese herbal prescription of Long-Dan-Xie-Gan-Tang (10 g/kg, p.o.). Analytes were separated by a C18 column with a gradient system of methanol-water containing 1 mM ammonium acetate with 0.1% formic acid. The linear ranges were 10-500 ng/mL for gentiopicroside, geniposide, and baicalin, and 5-250 ng/mL for swertiamarin in biological samples. The intra- and inter-day precision (relative standard deviation) ranged from 0.9% to 11.4% and 0.3% to 14.4%, respectively. The accuracy (relative error) was from -6.3% to 10.1% at all quality control levels. The analytical system provided adequate matrix effect and recovery with good precision and accuracy. The pharmacokinetic data demonstrated that the area under concentration-time curve (AUC) values of gentiopicroside, geniposide, baicalin, and swertiamarin were 1417 ± 83.8, 302 ± 25.8, 753 ± 86.2, and 2.5 ± 0.1 min µg/mL. The pharmacokinetic profiles provide constructive information for the dosage regimen of herbal medicine and also contribute to elucidate the absorption mechanism in herbal applications and pharmacological experiments.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Area Under Curve; Chromatography, Gel; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Limit of Detection; Male; Pyrones; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tandem Mass Spectrometry