stilbenes and demethoxycurcumin

Alzheimer disease (AD) is by far the most common cause of dementia globally. This neurodegenerative disorder of the brain is chronic and progressive, characterized clinically by the deterioration in the key symptoms of behavioral and cognitive abilities. Treatment options for this disease currently are limited. Deposition of amyloid-β and tau hyperphosphorylation are cardinal pathologic features of AD that lead to the formation of neuronal plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively. In addition to mounting research on herbal compounds for the treatment of AD, curcuminoids and resveratrol appear to be beneficial as anti-AD agents. Curcuminoids (curcumin and demethoxycurcumin) and resveratrol possess unique properties that make them especially worthy of further studies. This review article revisits and presents the current research done on the potential of the curcuminoids curcumin and demethoxycurcumin and the polyphenolic compound resveratrol as anti-AD compounds.

Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Antioxidants; Curcumin; Diarylheptanoids; Humans; Male; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; tau Proteins

Acanthamoeba is an opportunist protist pathogen that is known to infect the cornea to produce eye keratitis and the central nervous system to produce fatal granulomatous encephalitis. Early diagnosis, followed by aggressive treatment using a combination of drugs is a prerequisite in successful treatment but even then, prognosis remains poor due to lack of effective drugs. The overall aim of the present study was to determine the anti-Acanthamoebic potential of natural compounds, resveratrol and curcuminoids. Adhesion and cytotoxicity assays were performed using primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells, which constitute the blood-brain barrier. Pre-exposure of organisms to 100 μg resveratrol and demethoxy curcumin prevented amoeba binding by 57% and 73%, respectively, while cytotoxicity of host cells was inhibited by 86%. In an assay for viability of amoebae in the absence of host cells, resveratrol and de-methoxy curcumin exhibited significant amoebicidal effects (23% and 25%, respectively) at 100 μg concentrations (P<0.01). Neither resveratrol nor demethoxycurcumin had any effect on the proteolytic activities of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Of both compounds, resveratrol is of most interest for further investigation, because of the selective toxicity of resveratrol on A. castellanii but not the human brain microvascular endothelial cells.

Topics: Acanthamoeba castellanii; Brain; Cell Adhesion; Cell Death; Cells, Cultured; Curcumin; Diarylheptanoids; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Microvessels; Peptide Hydrolases; Resveratrol; Stilbenes