sr1001 has been researched along with 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic-acid* in 1 studies
1 other study(ies) available for sr1001 and 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic-acid
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Astrocyte calcium signaling transforms cholinergic modulation to cortical plasticity in vivo.
Global brain state dynamics regulate plasticity in local cortical circuits, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that astrocyte Ca(2+) signaling provides a critical bridge between cholinergic activation, associated with attention and vigilance states, and somatosensory plasticity in mouse barrel cortex in vivo. We investigated first whether a combined stimulation of mouse whiskers and the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), the principal source of cholinergic innervation to the cortex, leads to enhanced whisker-evoked local field potential. This plasticity is dependent on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs). During the induction of this synaptic plasticity, we find that astrocytic [Ca(2+)](i) is pronouncedly elevated, which is blocked by mAChR antagonists. The elevation of astrocytic [Ca(2+)](i) is crucial in this type of synaptic plasticity, as the plasticity could not be induced in inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 knock-out (IP(3)R2-KO) mice, in which astrocytic [Ca(2+)](i) surges are diminished. Moreover, NBM stimulation led to a significant increase in the extracellular concentration of the NMDAR coagonist d-serine in wild-type mice when compared to IP(3)R2-KO mice. Finally, plasticity in IP(3)R2-KO mice could be rescued by externally supplying d-serine. Our data present coherent lines of in vivo evidence for astrocytic involvement in cortical plasticity. These findings suggest an unexpected role of astrocytes as a gate for cholinergic plasticity in the cortex. Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Afferent Pathways; Aniline Compounds; Animals; Astrocytes; Atropine; Basal Nucleus of Meynert; Calcium Signaling; Cholinergic Agents; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Fluoresceins; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microdialysis; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nerve Growth Factors; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Physical Stimulation; Piperazines; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; S100 Proteins; Serine; Somatosensory Cortex; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles; Vibrissae | 2011 |