sodium-hypochlorite and formocresol

Vital pulp therapy aims to treat reversible pulpal injury and includes 2 therapeutic approaches: (1) indirect pulp treatment for deep dentinal cavities and (2) direct pulp capping or pulpotomy in cases of pulp exposure. Indirect pulp treatment is recommended as the most appropriate procedure for treating primary teeth with deep caries and reversible pulp inflammation, provided that this diagnosis is based on a good history, a proper clinical and radiographic examination, and that the tooth has been sealed with a leakage-free restoration. Formocresol has been a popular pulpotomy medicament in the primary dentition and is still the most universally taught pulp treatment for primary teeth. Concerns have been raised over the use of formocresol in humans, and several alternatives have been proposed. Controlled clinical studies have been critically reviewed, and mineral trioxide aggregate and ferric sulfate have been considered appropriate alternatives to formocresol for pulpotomies in primary teeth with exposed pulps. In most of the studies reviewed, the caries removal method has not been described. The use of a high-speed handpiece or laser might result in an exposure of a "normal" pulp that would otherwise not be exposed.

Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Calcium Compounds; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp Capping; Drug Combinations; Ferric Compounds; Formocresols; Humans; Laser Therapy; Oxides; Pulpitis; Pulpotomy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicates; Sodium Hypochlorite; Tooth, Deciduous

Pulpotomy is the most common treatment to preserve vitality of cariously exposed molars. Various pulpotomy medicaments used should be antimicrobial, should help in healing without damaging surrounding tissue, and should not affect eruption of permanent teeth. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of formocresol (FC) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in primary molars. The aim of this randomized study was to compare the clinical and radiographic success rate of FC and 5% NaOCl as a pulpotomy medicament in primary molars.. Forty children aged 4 to 9 years with primary carious molar were selected and randomly assigned into two groups: FC and NaOCl. Pulpotomy procedure was then performed followed by restoration with stainless steel crowns. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was done at an interval of 3 to 6 months.. Clinical success rate at 3 and 6 months was 100% for both groups. Radiographic success rate for FC was 95% at 3 months and 90% at 6 months, whereas for NaOCl, it was 90% at 3 months and 85% at 6 months.. Based on this study, result of 5% NaOCl and FC showed no significant difference in their success rate. Hence, NaOCl can be used as pulpotomy medicament; however, further clinical trials with long follow-up period are required.. Sodium hypochlorite is a potential clinical substitute of FC for vital pulpotomy treatment in primary teeth because of its exceptional biological compatibility and to evade carcinogenic effect of FC.

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Formocresols; Humans; Male; Molar; Pulpotomy; Sodium Hypochlorite; Tooth, Deciduous

The aim of this randomised clinical trial was to compare the clinical and radiographic success rate of 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 20% Formocresol (FC) as a pulpotomy medicament in carious primary molars.. Twenty-four children aged 4-8 years with at least 2 primary molars indicated for pulpotomy were included in this study. Eighty-two teeth received either 5% NaOCl or 20% FC using split mouth design, followed by restoration with IRM base/stainless steel crown (SSC). Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at 3, 6 and 12 months.. NaOCl and FC groups demonstrated 100% clinical success at 3 months. At 6 months, NaOCl showed 95% and 87.5% clinical and radiographic success rate respectively, while FC showed 95% clinical and radiographic success rate. After 12 months, the clinical and radiographic success rates were 94.6% and 86.5% respectively for NaOCl, and 92.1% and 86.8% for FC.. The results of this study showed the success rate for NaOCl pulpotomy to be comparable to those for FC pulpotomy.

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Crowns; Dental Alloys; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Formocresols; Humans; Male; Methylmethacrylates; Molar; Periapical Diseases; Prospective Studies; Pulpotomy; Radiography; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Irrigants; Sodium Hypochlorite; Stainless Steel; Tooth Root; Tooth, Deciduous; Treatment Outcome; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Alternatives to vital pulpotomy treatment in primary teeth are being sought because of the high formaldehyde content of traditional formocresol (FC) pulpotomy medicaments.. The aim was to compare the clinical and radiographic success of vital pulpotomy treatment in primary molars using 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) versus a 1:5 dilution of Buckley's FC.. Pulpotomies were performed in primary molars of healthy children between 3 and 10 years old. Sixty-five primary teeth were randomized into two groups that were evaluated for treatment outcomes. Following treatment, the pulp chamber was filled with zinc oxide eugenol (ZnOE) and restored with a stainless steel crown cemented with glass ionomer cement. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were recorded at 6 and 12 months.. The control (FC) and experimental (NaOCl) groups demonstrated 100% clinical success at 6 and 12 months. The NaOCl group had 86% (19/22) radiographic success at 6 months and 80% (12/15) at 12 months. The FC group had 84% (21/25) radiographic success at 6 months and 90% (9/10) at 12 months. No significant differences were found in the radiographic outcomes between the two groups at 6 and 12 months (Fisher's exact test; P=0.574 and P=0.468, respectively).. NaOCl demonstrated clinical and radiographic success comparable to FC.

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Crowns; Female; Formocresols; Humans; Male; Molar; Observer Variation; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; Pulpotomy; Root Canal Therapy; Sodium Hypochlorite; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tooth, Deciduous; Treatment Outcome

Although multiple materials have been suggested for pulpotomized primary molars, there is no reliable evidence of the superiority of one particular type.. To compare the effectiveness of formocresol (FC), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), ferric sulphate, and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as pulp dressing agents in primary molars after 2 years.. One hundred primary molars requiring pulp treatment were allocated randomly to the control (FC) and experimental groups (MTA, ferric sulphate, and NaOCl). Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Statistical analysis using Fischer's exact test was performed to determine the significant differences between groups.. In the FC and MTA groups, 100% of the available teeth were clinically successful at all follow-up appointments. In the NaOCl group, one clinical failure was found at 18 months, and two clinical failures in the ferric sulphate group were noted at 12 and 24 months, but no significant differences were found among the groups (P = 0.41). No significant differences in radiographic success were found among all the groups at 24 months of follow-up (P = 0.303).. No statistically significant differences among the four materials were found at 24 months suggesting that NaOCl may be an appropriate substitute for FC.

Topics: Adolescent; Aluminum Compounds; Calcium Compounds; Child; Drug Combinations; Female; Ferric Compounds; Follow-Up Studies; Formocresols; Humans; Male; Molar; Oxides; Pulpotomy; Radiography; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicates; Sodium Hypochlorite; Tooth, Deciduous; Treatment Outcome

Use of resin-based restorative materials recently has become widely accepted for treatment of endodontically treated teeth. However, some solutions routinely used during endodontic treatment procedures may have an effect on bond strengths of adhesive materials to root canal dentin. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of various medications on microtensile bond strength to root canal dentin. Fourteen extracted human single-rooted teeth were used. The crowns and the pulp tissues were removed. The root canals were then instrumented and widened to the same size. The teeth were randomly divided into seven groups of two teeth each. The root canal dentin walls of the roots were treated with 5% sodium hypochloride (NaOCI), 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the combination of H2O2 and NaOCl, or 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate for 60 s; or calcium hydroxide or formocresol for 24 h. The teeth in control group were irrigated with water. The root canals were obturated using C&B Metabond. After 24 h of storage in distilled water, serial 1-mm-thick cross-sections were cut, and approximately 12 samples were obtained from each group. Microtensile bond strengths to root canal dentin were then measured by using an Instron machine. The data were recorded and expressed as MPa. The results indicated that NaOCI, H2O2, or a combination of NaOCl and H2O2 treatment decreased bond strength to root canal dentin significantly (p < 0.05). The teeth treated with chlorhexidine solution showed the highest bond strength values (p < 0.05). In conclusion, chlorhexidine is an appropriate irrigant solution for root canal treatment before adhesive post core applications.

Topics: Boron Compounds; Calcium Hydroxide; Chlorhexidine; Dental Bonding; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Formocresols; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Methacrylates; Methylmethacrylates; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Resin Cements; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Preparation; Sodium Hypochlorite; Tensile Strength

Pulp therapy options in the primary dentition remain an area of debate and research. Current treatment options offer the ability to maintain many primary molars and prevent damage to the developing dentition. Proper diagnosis of the status of the primary pulp is essential to help the clinician chose the therapy that is most indicated for each child. It is important for clinicians to be familiar with current trends in this critical area of children's dentistry.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Care for Children; Dental Pulp Capping; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Drug Combinations; Ferric Compounds; Formocresols; Humans; Molar; Pulpectomy; Pulpotomy; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicones; Sodium Hypochlorite; Tooth, Deciduous; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

To assess the genotoxicity of 14 chemical agents used as locally applied agents in dental practice, the ability of these agents to elicit chromosome aberrations was examined using Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. Chromosome aberrations in SHE cells were induced by treatment with three of eight chemical agents used as endodontic medicaments, i.e. ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), formocresol (a mixture of formalin and tricresol), and sodium arsenite. The other five chemical agents, i.e. chloramphenicol, p-chlorophenol, p-phenolsulfonic acid, sodium hypochlorite, and tetracycline hydrochloride exhibited a negative response for chromosome aberrations. Assessment of three dyes used for disclosing dental plaque showed chromosome aberrations induced by basic fuchsin but not by acid fuchsin and erythrosine B. Three local anesthetics, lidocaine hydrochloride, prilocaine hydrochloride, and procaine hydrochloride, were negative for chromosome aberrations. Among the ten chemical agents that exhibited a negative response in the assay, p-chlorophenol, sodium hypochlorite, and erythrosine B induced chromosome aberrations in SHE cells when treated in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation. The percentages of cells with polyploidy or endoreduplication were enhanced by formocresol, sodium arsenite, p-chlorophenol, p-phenolsulfonic acid, sodium hypochlorite, erythrosine B, prilocaine hydrochloride, and procaine hydrochloride in the absence or presence of exogenous metabolic activation. Our results indicate that the chemical agents that had a positive response in the present study are potentially genotoxic to mammalian cells.

Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Arsenites; Benzenesulfonates; Chloramphenicol; Chlorophenols; Chromosome Aberrations; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Cricetinae; Dental Disinfectants; Dental Materials; Edetic Acid; Embryo, Mammalian; Formocresols; Gene Duplication; Mesocricetus; Mutagens; Polyploidy; Root Canal Irrigants; Sodium Compounds; Sodium Hypochlorite; Tetracycline

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Animals; Balsams; Cresols; Drug Combinations; Edetic Acid; Formocresols; Gutta-Percha; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Menthol; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Irrigants; Sodium Hypochlorite; Zinc Oxide; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement