sodium-hypochlorite and boric-acid

The purpose of this study was to investigate the smear layer removal and erosive capacity of various irrigation solutions with sequential use of NaOCl on instrumented root canal walls.. The root canals of single-rooted teeth were instrumented with ProTaper rotary instrument. Then, the teeth were randomly divided into five experimental groups. The root canals were irrigated with one of the following solutions (5 mL/1 min): 5% EDTA, 5% boric acid (BA), a mixture of BA and CA, 2.5% citric acid (CA) and 5% Desy Clean. After irrigating with 2.5% NaOCl and distilled water, the roots were split into two halves and each half was prepared for SEM examination. Representative photographs were taken from each third at x500 and x1000 magnifications. Double blind scoring was performed by two calibrated observers for smear layer and erosion. The scores were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's post hoc and Spearman's correlation tests (p = 0.05).. There were statistically significant differences among the solutions by means of smear layer and erosion (p < 0.05). While 2.5% CA solution was the most effective solution in removal of smear layer, it was also the most erosive solution (p < 0.05). 5% Desy Clean removed smear layer effectively and caused less erosion. There was a negative, but statistically significant correlation between presence of smear layer and erosion (r = -0.684; p < 0.0001).. Desy Clean can be a promising agent as an irrigation solution with optimal smear layer removal capacity and less erosive effects.

Topics: Acetic Acid; Boric Acids; Citric Acid; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentin; Drug Combinations; Edetic Acid; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; In Vitro Techniques; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Photography; Random Allocation; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Preparation; Smear Layer; Sodium Benzoate; Sodium Hypochlorite; Sorbic Acid; Tooth Erosion

To determine toxicity indexes of commercially available skin, wound, and skin/wound cleansers on in vitro fibroblasts and keratinocytes.. Seventeen cleansers and 3 liquid bath soaps were evaluated for cytotoxic effect on human infant dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes. Both skin cell types were exposed to serial 10-fold dilutions of each cleanser until treated cell viability was comparable to untreated controls.. The experimental design allowed calculation of relative toxicity indexes ranging from 0 to 100,000. Shur-Clens, SAF-Clens, and saline were found to be the least toxic to fibroblasts (toxicity index 0); Dial Antibacterial Soap and Ivory Liqui-Gel were the most toxic (toxicity index 100,000). Biolex, Shur-Clens, and Techni-Care were the least toxic to keratinocytes (toxicity index 0); hydrogen peroxide, modified Dakin's solution, and povidone (10%) were found to be the most toxic (toxicity index 100,000).. Successful cutaneous tissue repair depends on the viability of the principal cell types involved (fibroblasts and keratinocytes). Toxicity indexes provide helpful guidelines for subsequent in vivo evaluations and clinical applications. The study findings also suggest that judicious use of these supposedly innocuous agents should be considered in a clinical setting.

Topics: Acetic Acid; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Benzethonium; Boric Acids; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Fibroblasts; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Infant; Keratinocytes; Povidone-Iodine; Skin Care; Soaps; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Hypochlorite; Toxicity Tests; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries