sodium-dodecyl-sulfate and sodium-pyrophosphate

As suppression of Streptococcus mutans in young children may prevent or delay colonisation of the oral cavity, toothbrushing with dentifrices containing anti-S. mutans activity may aid in preventing caries. The aims of this study were to compare the effects of children's dentifrices on the growth of S. mutans and non-mutans bacteria (Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus acidophilus).. The agar diffusion assay at neutral pH was used to examine the antibacterial activity of commercial dentifrices and their major constituents.. Dentifrices containing 1,450 ppm fluoride produced greater growth inhibition of both S. mutans and S. sanguinis than those with <500 ppm. No inhibition was seen for pure solutions of sodium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate at fluoride concentrations up to 100,000 ppm. Stannous fluoride exerted antibacterial effects at concentrations above 10,000 ppm. Significant growth inhibition of both S. mutans and S. sanguinis was seen with sodium lauryl sulphate at 2,500 ppm and with triclosan at 100 ppm. No inhibitory effects were seen for xylitol, sorbitol, sodium pyrophosphate or polyethylene glycol at concentrations up to 80,000 ppm.. Sodium lauryl sulphate is the major bacterial inhibitory compound in children's dentifrices.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Cariostatic Agents; Child; Dentifrices; Diphosphates; Fluorides; Humans; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Phosphates; Polyethylene Glycols; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Sodium Fluoride; Sorbitol; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sanguis; Surface-Active Agents; Sweetening Agents; Tin Fluorides; Toothpastes; Triclosan; Xylitol

Seven chemicals, three buffers, and a salt solution known to affect bacterial attachment were tested to quantify their abilities to enhance the penetration of Alcaligenes paradoxus in porous media. Chemical treatments included Tween 20 (a nonionic surfactant that affects hydrophobic interactions), sodium dodecyl sulfate (an anionic surfactant), EDTA (a cell membrane permeabilizer that removes outer membrane lipopolysaccharides), sodium PPi (a surface charge modifier), sodium periodate (an oxidizer that cleaves surface polysaccharides), lysozyme (an enzyme that cleaves cell wall components), and proteinase K (a nonspecific protease that cleaves peptide bonds). Buffers included MOPS [3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid], Tris, phosphate, and an unbuffered solution containing only NaCl. Transport characteristics in the porous media were compared by using a sticking coefficient, alpha, defined as the rate at which particles stick to a grain of medium divided by the rate at which they strike the grain. Tween 20 reduced alpha by 2.5 orders of magnitude, to alpha = 0.0016, and was the most effective chemical treatment for decreasing bacterial attachment to glass beads in buffered solutions. Similar reductions in alpha were achieved in unbuffered solutions by reducing the solution ionic strength to 0.01 mM. EDTA, protease, and other treatments designed to alter cell structures did not reduce alpha by more than an order of magnitude. The number of bacteria retained by the porous media was decreased by treatments that made A. paradoxus more hydrophobic and less electrostatically charged, although alpha was poorly correlated with electrophoretic mobility and hydrophobicity index measurements at lower alpha values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Alcaligenes; Bacterial Adhesion; Buffers; Diphosphates; Edetic Acid; Endopeptidase K; Glass; Microspheres; Muramidase; Periodic Acid; Polysorbates; Serine Endopeptidases; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Soil Microbiology; Water Microbiology

Topics: Aluminum Oxide; Citrates; Dentin Sensitivity; Diphosphates; Fluorides; Humans; Oxidants; Papain; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surface-Active Agents; Toothpastes