sodium-dodecyl-sulfate and nitrobenzene

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) modified MgAl layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized at different surfactant concentrations (0.5-2.0 TAEC) by the co-precipitation method. The LDH-DS samples obtained were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy. The results showed that SDS was successfully intercalated into the interlayer of the LDH, and the basal spacing was expanded from 0.80 nm to 3.98 nm. The intercalated SDS was considered consistent with a paraffin bilayers arrangement. The sorption of nitrobenzene on LDH-DS was examined, and the results showed that linear model could fit the sorption isotherms well (R2 > 0.99), which implied a partitioning sorption process. The sorption coefficient of nitrobenzene (K(d)) on LDH-DS was positively related to the DS - loading amount, but the organic carbon content normalized sorption coefficient of nitrobenzene (K(oc)) was shown to remain relatively constant. The sorption thermodynamics results showed that the sorption of nitrobenzene on LDH-DS was an endothermic process, and the increase of entropy was the driving force for the sorption process.

Topics: Adsorption; Anions; Hydroxides; Magnesium Chloride; Nitrobenzenes; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surface-Active Agents; Thermodynamics; Water Pollutants, Chemical

The adsorption of nitrobenzene on active carbon was researched. The experimental results shown the adsorption of nitrobenzene on active carbon can be described by Freundlich's adsorption model. On the other hand, beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) can react with nitrobenzene to form inclusion complex, which will enhance the aqueous solubility of nitrobenzene. By using different concentrations of beta-CD and HP-beta-CD as extractants, nitrobenzene on active carbon has been desorbed statically. As a comparison, surfactant CTAB and SDS were also selected as extractants. The desorbing of mechanism has been discussed. The low concentration of NB was effectively condensed by enrichment of active carbon and desorption of HP-beta-CD. HP-beta-CD is regarded as a potential extractant to deal with soil, sediment or active carbon.

Topics: Adsorption; Carbon; Cetrimonium; Cetrimonium Compounds; Cyclodextrins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Nitrobenzenes; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Solutions; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Surface-Active Agents; Temperature

Topics: Carbon; Chemical Fractionation; Chemistry, Organic; Chlorobenzenes; Cobalt; Magnetics; Metal Nanoparticles; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Molecular Structure; Nitrobenzenes; Organic Chemistry Phenomena; Oxidation-Reduction; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Spectrophotometry, Infrared

The toxicity to Photobacterium phosphoreum of different mixture systems of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and three substituted aromatic compounds according to equiconcentration ratio of 1 : 1, as well as individual toxicity, were determined respectively. The joint toxicity was evaluated by toxicity unit (TU), additive index (AI), similarity parameter (lambda), and mixtures toxicity index (MTI). Four evaluating methods were compared and the modes of joint action of different systems were analyzed primarily. The coherent results were obtained from four different evaluating methods. Conclusions can be drawn that the binary joint effects of phenol and toluene mixed with SDS showed weak synergistic, while the other joint effects of SDS and substituted aromatic compounds were antagonistic. Of the evaluating methods, Toxic Unit is most sensitive with higher value of its parameter. Mechanisms of joint toxicity action could be discussed according to luminescence principle of Photobacterium phosphoreum and molecule structures of the mixture components.

Topics: Benzoates; Drug Interactions; Nitrobenzenes; Phenols; Photobacterium; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surface-Active Agents; Toxicity Tests; Water Pollutants, Chemical

The objective of this study was to identify effects of two known Sertoli cell toxicants on the secretion of proteins by seminiferous tubules (ST) isolated from adult rats at different stages of the spermatogenic cycle and cultured in vitro for 24 hr with [35S]methionine. Adult rats received a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg metadinitrobenzene (m-DNB) or 300 mg/kg nitrobenzene (NB). Long lengths of ST at stages II-V, VI-VIII or IX-XII were then isolated from control and treated rats at 1 or 3 days post-treatment; selection of stages was based on the stage specificity of the early (24-72 hr) adverse effects of m-DNB and NB on spermatogenesis in vivo. In addition, ST at the same stages were isolated from untreated rats and cultured in the presence or absence of m-DNB or NB (10(-4)M). Incorporation of [35S]methionine into secreted proteins was assessed and the pattern of protein secretion evaluated using two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D SDS-PAGE). ST isolated from rats pretreated 24 hr earlier with NB in vivo showed a significant decrease in the overall incorporation of [35S]methionine into secreted proteins at stages VI-VIII and IX-XII, whereas ST at stages II-V showed no such change; comparable protein changes were observed when 10(-4) M NB was added in vitro for 24 hr to ST isolated at the same stages from untreated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Animals; Dinitrobenzenes; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Methionine; Nitrobenzenes; Organ Size; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Seminiferous Tubules; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Spermatogenesis; Sulfur Radioisotopes; Testis