sodium-dodecyl-sulfate and hydroxycitronellal

Household and cleaning products often contain both allergens and irritants. The aim of this double-blinded, randomized, paired study was to determine whether patch testing with an allergen (hydroxycitronellal) combined with an irritant [sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)] cause a stronger patch test elicitation reaction than patch testing with the allergen (hydroxycitronellal) alone, in patients previously patch tested positive to hydroxycitronellal. A stronger patch test elicitation reaction was defined as at least 1 day of patch test reading showing more positive patch tests (+, ++ or +++) on the forearm patch tested with 6 concentrations of SLS plus hydroxycitronellal than on the forearm tested with 6 concentrations of hydroxycitronellal alone and no day of patch test readings showing more positive tests on the hydroxycitronellal forearm. 15/20 (75%) had at least 1 day of patch test reading with more positive patch tests on the forearm patch tested with SLS plus hydroxycitronellal and no day of patch test readings with more positive patch tests on the forearm tested with hydroxycitronellal (P = 0.0253). Estimation of the blood flow with laser Doppler supported these findings.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Allergens; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Irritants; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; Severity of Illness Index; Skin; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Surveys and Questionnaires; Terpenes

A critical step in the induction of allergic contact dermatitis is the interaction of haptens with immature dendritic cells (iDC) leading to their activation. Therefore iDC appear as suitable targets for the evaluation of the sensitizing properties of haptens with the aim of developing in vitro toxicologic methods. Here, using a low-density cDNA-array, we analyzed the expression of 165 genes related to dendritic cell biology in human iDC following a 24h incubation with four haptens representative of strong (DNBS), moderate (isoeugenol) and weak (eugenol, hydroxycitronellal) contact sensitizers and with one irritant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Results show that 21/165 iDC genes were significantly modulated by hapten treatment. Some genes were preferentially modulated by a given chemical. Thus, DNBS, isoeugenol, eugenol and hydroxycitronellal consistently modulated CCR5, CCL27, CCL2 and CCR7, respectively, whereas the CXCL10 gene was regulated by SDS. When subjected to principal component analysis, the 21 target genes fell into four groups associated with a particular type of chemical endowed with distinct sensitizing or irritant properties. Thus, gene profiling of iDC using low-density microarray allows, for screening of chemicals, the indentification of weak haptens with potential skin sensitizing properties. These results suggest that gene profiling of iDC using low-density microarrays may be useful to identify chemicals with weak skin sensitizing properties.

Topics: Allergens; Cells, Cultured; Dendritic Cells; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Eugenol; Gene Expression Profiling; Haptens; Humans; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Terpenes

The need to develop predictive tests which could identify potential allergens has been recognized for many years. There is as yet no accepted in vitro method for the assessment of contact sensitizers.. We have tested the ability of a range of contact allergens to induce in vitro primary sensitization of autologous T cells.. T-cell proliferation induced by haptens using 2-day cultured human Langerhans cells as antigen-presenting cell was assessed by 3H thymidine incorporation. Antigen specific stimulation was calculated as stimulation indexes.. Strong allergens induced in vitro a primary T-cell response in all (trinitrophenyl, TNP: 13/13) or in the majority (fluorescein isothiocyanate, FITC: 7/10) of experiments. An irritant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), failed to generate a significant T-cell proliferation in any of the experiments (0/10). We obtained a significant lymphoproliferative response to weak sensitizers only in a limited number of experiments: (coumarin: 1/12, citronellal: 0/10, hydroxycitronellal: 2/8). p-Phenylenediamine (PPDA), a prohapten and highly sensitizing chemical in vivo, generated primary sensitization in vitro in only one of six experiments, while Bandrowski's base (BB), a metabolization product of PPDA induced a significant T-cell response in all six experiments.. The present in vitro model allows discrimination between two groups of substances: strong contact sensitizers (TNP, FITC, BB) on the one hand and weak sensitizers (coumarin, citronellal and hydroxycitronellal) and irritants (SDS) on the other hand. It could be used as a screening in vitro assay to eliminate strong contact allergens before further predictive animal tests have to be performed.

Topics: Coumarins; Dermatitis, Contact; Diazonium Compounds; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; Haptens; Humans; Immunization; Langerhans Cells; Lymphocyte Activation; Phenylenediamines; Pyridines; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; T-Lymphocytes; Terpenes; Trinitrobenzenes

Topics: Acyclic Monoterpenes; Allergens; Antigen Presentation; Cells, Cultured; Coumarins; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Diazonium Compounds; Epidermal Cells; Epidermis; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; Haptens; Humans; Irritants; Langerhans Cells; Lymphocyte Activation; Monoterpenes; Perfume; Phenylenediamines; Pyridines; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; T-Lymphocytes; Terpenes; Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid