sodium-bromate and potassium-bromate

Acute toxic effects of potassium bromate, sodium bromate and potassium bromide on luminescent bacteria, water flea, green alga and zebrafish were studied using standard toxic testing methods. The results showed that the pollutants had no effect on the luminous intensity of luminescent bacteria. The 96 h EC5. of potassium bromate on Scenedesmus obliquus was 738.18 mg x L(-1), 48 h EC50 on Daphnia magna and Moina was 154.01 mg x L(-1) was 161.80 mg x L(-1), while 48 h LC50 was 198 52 mg x L(-1), 175.68 mg x L(-1), and 96 h LC50 on zebrafish was 931.4 mg x L(-1). The 96 h EC50 of sodium bromate on Scenedesmus obliquus was 540.26 mg x L(-1), 48 h EC50 Daphnia magna and Moina was 127.90 mg x L(-1), 111.07 mg x L(-1), while 48 h LC50 was 161.80 mg x L(-1), 123.47 mg x L(-1), and 96 h LC50 on zebrafish was 1065.6 mg x L(-1). But the effects of potassium bromide on the above several kinds of aquatic organisms were far smaller than those of potassium bromate and sodium bromate. The toxic effects on test organisms were due to the impacts of bromate after the comparison of different pollutants, and the effects were more obvious with the increase of exposure time. The order of sensitivity to the toxic effects of bromate was Daphnia magna, Moina > Scenedesmus obliquus > zebrafish > Chlorella vulgaris, luminescent bacteria.

Topics: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Bromates; Chlorophyta; Cladocera; Daphnia; Sodium Compounds; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Zebrafish

Accumulation of alpha 2u-globulin and induction of cell proliferation were examined in kidneys of rats exposed to KBrO3, KBr or NaBrO3 in their drinking water. Hyaline droplets observed after KBrO3 or NaBrO3 administration to male rats were specifically immunostained for alpha 2u-globulin. Increases in cell proliferation were found in the proximal tubules of male rats given KBrO3 or NaBrO3 but not KBr for 2, 4, and 8 weeks. No such change was evident in KBrO3-treated female rats or the distal tubules of any treated animal. The concordance between hyaline droplet accumulation and increased cell turnover suggests that KBrO3- and NaBrO3-induced cell replication in kidneys of male rats may result from alpha 2u-globulin nephropathy. Considering the fact that KBrO3 has genotoxic potential involving oxidative stress, we hypothesize that the induced cell proliferation might predominantly play an additive role in its carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the present data, showing similar effects of NaBrO3 on the rat kidney, are of direct significance to its risk assessment.

Topics: Alpha-Globulins; Animals; Bromates; Bromides; Carcinogens; Cell Division; Female; Food Additives; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Kidney; Male; Potassium; Potassium Compounds; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Sodium; Sodium Compounds