sincalide and pinaverium

The effects of L-type calcium channel blockers (CCBs) selective for the gastrointestinal tract (pinaverium) or non-selective (nicardipine and diltiazem), were investigated on CCK-, CCh- or KCl-induced contraction of smooth muscle cells (SMC) isolated from the circular muscle layer of normal or of inflamed human colons. In the normal tissue colon, whatever the contractile agent used, CCK-8 (1nM), CCh (1nM) or KCl (20mM), a micromolar concentration of pinaverium significantly inhibited contraction (88.36%, 93.10%, 93.92% inhibition respectively); this effect was concentration-dependent for CCh (IC50 = 0.73 +/- 0.08nM) and for CCK (IC50 = 0.92 +/- 0.12nM). In parallel, both nicardipine and diltiazem inhibit significantly contraction of isolated SMC. In inflamed colons, pinaverium (1 microM) display a significant higher efficacy than diltiazem or nicardipine to reduce cell contraction induced by CCK-8 or by KCl. In addition, RT-PCR experiments were performed to evidence tissue specificity of the L-type calcium channel. They revealed the expression of the messenger of the a-1 subunit L-type calcium channel (binding site of such CCBs), consistent with the expression of the rbC-2 splice variant of the alpha1-C gene.. (i) the inhibition by calcium channel blockers of agonist-induced contractile activity suggest a modulation of SMC contraction upon extracellular calcium via 'L-type' voltage-dependent calcium channel; (ii) this study provides a rationale for the clinical use of pinaverium in colonic motor disoders affecting the contractility of SMC, since it appeared to decrease the contraction even in pathological situation; and (iii) RT-PCR experiments confirms the presence in human colon SMC of the alpha-1 subunit mRNA of calcium channel.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Binding Sites; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Colitis; Colon; Diltiazem; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Middle Aged; Morpholines; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Nicardipine; Potassium Chloride; Protein Subunits; RNA, Messenger; Sincalide

The effects of pinaverium bromide on the stimulation of colonic motility induced by meal and cholecystokinin (CCK) were investigated in rats chronically fitted with intraparietal electrodes on the proximal colon and previously treated or not by capsaicin. Pinaverium bromide inhibited in a dose-related manner (2-50 mg/kg, per os) the increase in colonic spike burst frequency induced by a 3 g meal or CCK-8 (2 micrograms/kg, i.v.). The CCK-A and CCK-B antagonists, devazepide and L 365260 (100 micrograms/kg, i.p.), respectively, inhibited the postprandial colonic motor response while only L 365260 reduced the CCK-induced stimulation. The effects of pinaverium bromide and CCK antagonists were not observed in capsaicin-treated animals. Moreover, CCK-8 (2 micrograms/kg, i.v.) did not stimulate colonic motility after capsaicin treatment. The inhibition of postprandial colonic motility by pinaverium bromide, given orally at therapeutic doses, involves a CCK-dependent pathway which requires the integrity of capsaicin-sensitive afferents.

Topics: Action Potentials; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Benzodiazepinones; Calcium Channel Blockers; Capsaicin; Colon; Depression, Chemical; Devazepide; Eating; Electromyography; Gastrointestinal Motility; Male; Morpholines; Phenylurea Compounds; Postprandial Period; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Cholecystokinin A; Receptor, Cholecystokinin B; Receptors, Cholecystokinin; Sincalide

Gastrointestinal hormones, gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and motilin, are known to induce contraction of digestive smooth muscle cells from various species. In this paper, we studied the effect of calcium channel blockers, diltiazem, nicardipine, and pinaverium on the hormone-dependent contraction of smooth muscle cells isolated from rabbit antrum. Gastrin, CCK-8, and motilin caused dose-dependent contraction with EC-50 values in the physiological range (10-100 pM). This contractile effect was dependent upon extracellular calcium for gastrin and CCK-8 but not for motilin. When used alone, calcium channel blockers diltiazem, nicardipine, but not pinaverium, caused a weak but significant contraction of the cells. Pinaverium inhibited both gastrin- and CCK-8-induced contractions with IC-50 values of 1 nM and it was much less potent in the inhibition of motilin-induced contractions (IC-50 = 25 nM). The effect of pinaverium was equivalent to that of diltiazem in the inhibition of CCK-8- or gastrin-induced contractions. Both drugs were slightly more potent than nicardipine (IC-50 = 10 nM versus 1 nM for pineaverium and 5 nM for diltiazem). In contrast, diltiazem and pinaverium were less potent against motilin stimulation, diltiazem being 5 times more potent than pinaverium. In conclusion, it appears that since Ca2+ antagonists pinaverium, diltiazem and nicardipine inhibited contraction of smooth muscle cells stimulated by gastrointestinal hormones, "L-type" calcium channels of the plasma membrane might also be regulated through occupation of gastrin or CCK receptors.

Topics: Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Diltiazem; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; In Vitro Techniques; Morpholines; Motilin; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Nicardipine; Pyloric Antrum; Rabbits; Sincalide