silicon and triethylene-glycol-dimethacrylate

The buffering capacity and inhibitory effects on enamel demineralization of two commercially available dental sealants were evaluated in this study. The effects of filler particles were also examined. Disks of enamel and cured sealant materials of BeautiSealant (silica or S-PRG filler) or Teethmate F-1 were incubated in lactic acid solutions (pH 4.0) for 1-6 d. The pH changes and amounts of ions released in the solutions were assessed, and enamel surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The pH of the solution with BeautiSealant (S-PRG filler) was neutralized from pH 4.0 to pH 6.1 (after incubation for 1 d) and from pH 4.0 to pH 6.7 (after incubation for 6 d). In addition, no release of calcium ions was detected and the enamel surface was morphologically intact in scanning electron microscopy images. However, the pH of the solution with Teethmate F-1 remained below pH 4.0 during incubation from days 1 to 6. Calcium release was increased in solutions up to and after 6 d of incubation. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the structures of hydroxyapatite rods were exposed at the specimen surfaces as a result of demineralization. Ions released from S-PRG filler-containing dental sealant rapidly buffered the lactic acid solution and inhibited enamel demineralization.

Topics: Aluminum; Animals; Barium; Buffers; Calcium; Cattle; Composite Resins; Dental Enamel; Durapatite; Fluorides; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymethacrylic Acids; Polyurethanes; Resins, Synthetic; Silicon; Silicon Dioxide; Sodium; Strontium; Time Factors; Tooth Demineralization

This study investigated the effect of shape, size, and surface modification of hydroxyapatite (HAP) fillers on the degree of conversion (DC) and mechanical properties of a model BisGMA/TEGDMA composite initially and after 4 weeks of storage. Ten percent of conventional glass fillers were replaced by HAP spheres (Sph), silicon-doped spheres (SphSi), whiskers (Wh), silicon-doped whiskers (WhSi), and nanosized HAP particles (Nano). Spheres were specifically structured agglomerates consisting of a central void and radially orientated primary particles, whereas whiskers were compact monocrystals. DC, Vickers hardness (HV), flexural strength (Fs), flexural modulus (Ef), compressive strength (Cs), and compressive modulus (Ec) were tested. There were no significant differences in the DC between all tested groups. HV decreased by 5.4-17% with the addition of HAP, while Fs increased by 13.9-29% except in Nano group (decrease by 13%). After storage, Sph and SphSi groups showed similar HV, Ef, Cs and Ec and higher Fs than the control. The fracture mode of HAP spheres was through the central void whereas whiskers showed longitudinal delamination, transverse, and mixed fractures. HAP spheres with or without silicon- doping have a potential to be part of the filler content of dental composites.

Topics: Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Composite Resins; Compressive Strength; Dental Materials; Glass; Hardness; Hydroxyapatites; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nanoparticles; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymethacrylic Acids; Silicon; Stress, Mechanical; Surface Properties

We studied the effect of matrix selection, filler composition, and filler silanization on filler leachability after storage in distilled water or artificial saliva. We evaluated 2 matrix systems, 2 filler systems and 2 silane treatment procedures, combined into 8 different dental composite materials. A total of 128 batches were made, and 2 specimens per batch were prepared. Of these 2 specimens per batch, one was stored in distilled water and the other in artificial saliva, both at 37 degrees C. We transferred the specimens each 30th day during a 3-yr period to new vials containing either freshly distilled water or newly mixed artificial saliva and analyzed the solutions the specimens had been stored in regarding Si, Ba and Al concentrations. The analyses revealed that storage solution, filler composition, and total time in the storage solution had strong effects on leachability. The average monthly leakage of the three elements was linear with time and higher in the artificial saliva. The Ba-containing filler leached Si faster in artificial saliva than in distilled water, and roughly twice as much as the quartz filler. The storage effect approached an order of magnitude, while the filler effect was roughly a factor of two. Filler leaching was linear over time.

Topics: Algorithms; Aluminum; Aluminum Oxide; Barium; Barium Compounds; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; Composite Resins; Dental Materials; Diffusion; Humans; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Oxides; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymethacrylic Acids; Polyurethanes; Quartz; Saliva, Artificial; Silanes; Silicon; Silicon Dioxide; Temperature; Time Factors; Water; X-Ray Diffraction

The coefficient of thermal expansion of experimental composite materials containing either silane-treated or untreated fillers in a triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) matrix was investigated. The results show that an inverse linear relationship existed between volume fraction filler and coefficient of thermal expansion. No differences were seen between silane-treated and untreated composites, while it was found that repeated heating (aging) caused the thermal expansion to decrease for all material combinations. Reduction in the coefficient of thermal expansion with increased filler fraction of unbonded filler indicates that the polymerization shrinkage of the matrix induces hoop stresses around the fillers. By use of a simplified theoretical model (Appendix), these stresses could be estimated. These estimates revealed that the induced stresses were remarkably high, and that increased filler fraction increased the tensile stress level surrounding the filler particles. Since these tensile stresses could facilitate crazing and crack growth in the matrix, these estimates may explain why filled resins containing low fractions of microfilled particles seem to possess remarkably good clinical wear resistance when compared with composites containing higher filler concentrations, at least during the first years in service.

Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Hot Temperature; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymethacrylic Acids; Silanes; Silicon; Surface Properties; Thermodynamics