sepharose and levulinic-acid

A two-stage membrane process for the separation of galactose, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and levulinic acid (LA) has been proposed. The first step of nanofiltration (NF) is to remove 5-HMF and LA from galactose solution obtained by the hydrolysis of agarose, the main component of red algal galactan for the reduction of its microbial toxicity. 5-HMF and LA are inhibitory to fermentation but at the same time useful compounds themselves with many applications. The second step of electrodialysis (ED) is to separate 5-HMF and LA in the permeate from NF. More than 91% of 5-HMF and up to 62% of LA could be removed from agarose hydrolysate, while galactose was almost completely retained by NF. Further removal of LA was expected to be possible with no loss of galactose by operating the NF process in a diafiltration mode. 5-HMF and LA could be effectively separated from each other by ED.

Topics: Acids; Dialysis; Electricity; Electrochemistry; Filtration; Furaldehyde; Galactose; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Levulinic Acids; Membranes, Artificial; Nanotechnology; Pressure; Sepharose; Temperature

Cap binding proteins, which recognize the cap structure present at 5' termini of RNA polymerase II transcripts, have been routinely isolated and purified using affinity resins with mononucleotide cap analogs attached. Here we present a new methodology in which dinucleotide cap analog, m7GpppG, has been linked to the EAH-Sepharose. The method is based on derivatization of 2',3'-cis diol of the second nucleotide within the cap structure, with levulinic acid, and subsequent coupling of resulted acetal through its carboxylic group with aminohexyl-agarose.

Topics: Carrier Proteins; Chromatography; Hydrolysis; Ion Exchange Resins; Levulinic Acids; Ligands; Models, Chemical; Protein Structure, Tertiary; RNA Caps; Sepharose; Temperature