sepharose and 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

Topics: Aerobiosis; Anti-Infective Agents; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxidation-Reduction; Picrates; Porphyra; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Sepharose; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Staphylococcus aureus; Sulfonic Acids; Tyrosine

Water-soluble polysaccharides from Prunella vulgaris Linn (P. vulgaris) were fractionated using DEAE-Sepharose fast-flow column to obtain several eluents of water (PV-P1), 0.1M NaCl (PV-P2) and 0.2M NaCl (PV-P3). Structural analyses showed that PV-P1 had a higher molecular weight and degree of branching as compared to PV-P2 and PV-P3. Tertiary structure analyses indicated that PV-P1, PV-P2 and PV-P3 did not have triple-helical conformation. PV-P2 and PV-P3 showed stronger antioxidant activities than PV-P1, as measured radical scavenging capacities. PV-P1 showed stronger immunomodulatory activities than PV-P2 and PV-P3 in term of stimulation of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. PV-P1, PV-P2 and PV-P3 did not exhibit cytotoxicities against RAW 264.7 at the concentrations tested. These results suggest that P. vulgaris polysaccharides could be explored as potential antioxidant and immunomodulatory agents for the complementary medicine or functional foods.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Carbohydrate Conformation; Cell Death; Free Radical Scavengers; Glycosides; Immunologic Factors; Mice; Molecular Weight; Monosaccharides; Nitric Oxide; Picrates; Polysaccharides; Prunella; RAW 264.7 Cells; Sepharose; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Sulfonic Acids; Uronic Acids

Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb., one of the earliest recorded toxic species of genus Aconitum, has been used as traditional Chinese medicine and medicinal diet over the last 2500 years to treat heart failure congestion, neuralgia, rheumatism and gout, etc. In the present paper, four water-soluble polysaccharide fractions isolated from the tubers of A. kusnezoffii Reichb. were studied the antioxidant and immunological activities for the first time. In vitro antioxidant assays indicated that fraction WKCP-A had noticeable scavenging activities on DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, H(2)O(2) and self-oxidation of 1,2,3-phentriol, ferrous ion-chelating ability and reducing power. Moreover, the in vivo immunological assay exhibited that fractions WKCP-A and WKHP could more significantly enhance splenic lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage phagocytosis than other fractions. Therefore, the water-soluble polysaccharides from A. kusnezoffii Reichb., especially WKCP-A, have the potential to be explored as novel natural antioxidants and immunostimulating agents for using in functional foods or medicine.

Topics: Aconitum; Animals; Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; Cell Proliferation; Chemical Fractionation; Free Radical Scavengers; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydroxyl Radical; Immunologic Factors; Iron Chelating Agents; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Mice; Monosaccharides; Oxidation-Reduction; Phagocytosis; Picrates; Polysaccharides; Sepharose; Solubility; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Superoxides; Water

Porphyran extracted from Porphyra haitanensis is a sulfated polysaccharide, which possesses excellent antioxidant activities. In this study, we prepared one low-molecular-weight porphyran and its sulfated, acetylated, phosphorylated and benzoylated derivatives. Their antioxidant activities were investigated including scavenging effect of superoxide, hydroxyl and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. The results of chemical analysis and FT-IR spectrums showed the modification was successful. And in addition, we found that certain derivative exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than low-molecular-weight porphyran. The benzoylated derivative showed the most excellent antioxidant activity in three assays, so this derivative needs to be attended to.

Topics: Antioxidants; Biphenyl Compounds; China; Hydroxyl Radical; Picrates; Porphyra; Sepharose; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Superoxides