saxitoxin and gymnodimine

saxitoxin has been researched along with gymnodimine* in 2 studies

Other Studies

2 other study(ies) available for saxitoxin and gymnodimine

ArticleYear
Differences in the toxin profiles of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) strains isolated from different geographic origins: Evidence of paralytic toxin, spirolide, and gymnodimine.
    Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 2015, Volume: 103

    Among toxin-producing dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium, Alexandrium ostenfeldii is the only species able to produce paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins, spirolides (SPXs) and gymnodimines (GYMs). In this study we characterized and compared three A. ostenfeldii strains isolated from the Baltic, Mediterranean, and southern Chile Seas with respect to their toxin profiles, morphology, and phylogeny. Toxin analyses by HPLC-FD and LC-HRMS revealed differences in the toxin profiles of the three strains. The PSP toxin profiles of the southern Chile and Baltic strains were largely the same and included gonyautoxin (GTX)-3, GTX-2, and saxitoxin (STX), although the total PSP toxin content of the Chilean strain (105.83 ± 72.15 pg cell(-1)) was much higher than that of the Baltic strain (4.04 ± 1.93 pg cell(-1)). However, the Baltic strain was the only strain that expressed detectable amounts of analogues of GYM-A and GYM-B/-C (48.27 ± 26.12 pg GYM-A equivalents cell(-1)). The only toxin expressed by the Mediterranean strain was 13-desmethyl SPX-C (13dMeC; 2.85 ± 4.76 pg cell(-1)). Phylogenetic analysis based on the LSU rRNA showed that the studied strains belonged to distinct molecular clades. The toxin profiles determined in this study provide further evidence of the taxonomic complexity of this species.

    Topics: Chile; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dinoflagellida; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; Hydrocarbons, Cyclic; Imines; Marine Toxins; Oceans and Seas; Phylogeny; Phylogeography; Saxitoxin; Shellfish Poisoning; Spiro Compounds

2015
Quantitative 1H NMR with external standards: use in preparation of calibration solutions for algal toxins and other natural products.
    Analytical chemistry, 2005, May-15, Volume: 77, Issue:10

    We examine the use of external standards for quantitative measurement by 1H NMR of solution concentrations of natural products and other low molecular weight, hydrogen-containing compounds and show that precision and accuracy ca. 1% is obtainable with a commercial 11.7 T spectrometer when standards and analytes are contained in separate but identical sealed precision glass NMR tubes. Numerous factors contributing to the intensity of the NMR signals are evaluated. Precise measurements of 360 degrees pulse lengths for each sample provide direct corrections for variations in probe Q-factor that enable samples in different solvents to be compared, provided single-coil excitation and detection is used throughout. Samples need not be prepared in deuterated solvents if the 1H spectra of the solvents are simple enough for peak suppression by presaturation. The approach is particularly suitable for hazardous materials kept in sealed tubes and for the preparation of certified calibration solution reference materials for use with LC-MS and other techniques where deuterated solvents should be avoided.

    Topics: Biological Products; Calibration; Chromatography, Liquid; Deuterium; Eukaryota; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; Hydrocarbons, Cyclic; Imines; Kainic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Marine Toxins; Okadaic Acid; Reproducibility of Results; Saxitoxin; Sensitivity and Specificity; Solutions; Solvents

2005