salicylates and zomepirac

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Etodolac; Glucuronates; Humans; Imines; Insulin; Mass Spectrometry; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Suprofen; Tolmetin

Acyl glucuronides of drugs and bilirubin have been shown in the past decade to be reactive metabolites undergoing acyl migration and irreversible binding. The latter reaction has been hypothesized to be facilitated by or to proceed through the formation of a reversible complex. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the decreased binding seen in patients with compromised excretory function may be due to competition by elevated plasma concentrations of the glucuronides. In these reversible binding studies, we characterized the extent and the "site" of binding of tolmetin, zomepirac, their glucuronides and isomeric conjugates. We also examined the displacement between the parent drugs and their glucuronide conjugates using a rapid ultrafiltration method. Tolmetin exhibited three classes of binding sites with a primary association constant of 1.7 x 10(6) M-1 (Kd1 = 0.60 microM). The primary association constant of zomepirac (1.16 x 10(6) M-1, Kd1 = 0.86 microM) is similar to that of tolmetin. The beta 1 and alpha/beta 3 glucuronides of both compounds bind to a lesser extent than their parent aglycones. The isomeric glucuronide conjugates of both compounds showed much stronger binding than the beta/1 conjugates. Of the four glucuronides investigated, tolmetin glucuronide-alpha/beta 3 isomer was bound by fatty acid free human serum albumin with the highest affinity (4.6 x 10(5) M-1, Kd = 2.22 microM). Protein binding of the parent drugs and conjugates were decreased significantly at pH 5.0. In displacement studies, except for salicylate and acetylsalicylate, drugs known to bind to Sites I and II as well as the digitoxin and tamoxifen binding sites had little inhibitory effect on the binding of tolmetin, zomepirac, and their glucuronide conjugates.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Blood Proteins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Glucuronates; Humans; Male; Salicylates; Serum Albumin; Tolmetin; Ultrafiltration

Topics: Analgesics; Humans; Narcotics; Pain; Salicylates; Tolmetin

The plasma protein binding of zomepirac, a new nonnarcotic analgesic, was studied using equilibrium dialysis. Experiments were performed using human plasma and plasma from mice, rats, and rhesus monkeys, all species of pharmacological or toxicological interest. At concentrations approximating those achieved in vivo, the binding was fairly constant at 98-99% in all species except the rhesus monkey, where binding was decreased from 98 to approximately 96% at higher concentrations (greater then 50 microgram/ml). Zomepirac (10 microgram/ml) did not appear to displace or to be displaced by warfarin (10 microgram/ml) caused a concentration-dependent decrease in zomepirac (10 microgram/ml) binding. Zomepirac did not affect salicylate binding.

Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Mice; Protein Binding; Pyrroles; Rats; Salicylates; Species Specificity; Tolmetin; Warfarin