salicylates and sulfosalicylic-acid

Fingermarks formed in or by blood often require specific development techniques. This review examines techniques and materials that may be used to enhance and record fingermarks deposited in blood or fingermarks generated by blood-contaminated papillary ridges. A large number of techniques are presented here and are discussed from a chemical as well as practical perspective. It is concluded that an optimized sequence of techniques targeting both latent (non-bloody) and bloody fingermarks must be applied to detect and enhance the maximum number of marks, and therefore optimize the information content from exhibits that may bear marks in blood.

Topics: Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); Benzenesulfonates; Benzidines; Benzothiazoles; Blood; Blood Stains; Coloring Agents; Dermatoglyphics; Forensic Sciences; Gentian Violet; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Light; Luminescence; Methanol; Molecular Structure; Salicylates; Solvents; Sulfonic Acids; Titanium

Quantitative estimation of proteinuria done by the refractometric method was compared with that done by the sulphosalycilic acid method and biuret method in 102 urine samples. The analysis of results by students' t test showed no statistically significant difference between the three methods. It is concluded that quantitative estimation of urinary protein excretion by refractometric method is a simple cheap and reliable method and can be performed easily in the outpatient clinic. The instrument is quite handy and can be carried in the pocket.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Biuret Reaction; Humans; Proteinuria; Refractometry; Salicylates

In this study, an iron(III)-loaded magnetic chitosan/graphene oxide composite (Fe-MCG) was synthesized and applied for the adsorptive removal of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) in aqueous solution. The results obtained from the application of various characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) prove the successful formation of the composite with enhanced microstructure and superparamagnetic properties. The adsorption capacity of Fe-MCG towards SSA via batch mode reaches up to 135 mg/g at 293 K. The adsorption of SSA onto Fe-MCG is driven by monolayer adsorption with the chemical and physical adsorption processes both playing active roles. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were observed to best describe the equilibrium adsorption and kinetic processes, respectively. The values obtained for the associated thermodynamic parameters confirm that the adsorptive process is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy-increasing. The efficacy and reusability of the spent Fe-MCG was studied using 0.01 mol/L NaOH solution. The kinetic process for the desorption of SSA from Fe-MCG is well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Based on the experimental results and XPS analysis, the underlying mechanisms for the uptake of SSA onto Fe-MCG involve electrostatic forces, complexation, π-π stacking, and hydrogen bonding. Overall, the excellent features of Fe-MCG enhance its potential as an adsorbent for the sequestration of SSA in environmental media.

Topics: Adsorption; Benzenesulfonates; Chitosan; Graphite; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron; Kinetics; Magnetic Phenomena; Salicylates; Thermodynamics; Water Pollutants, Chemical

The catalytic transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural to furfuryl alcohol under mild conditions is an attractive topic in biorefinery. Herein, mesoporous Zr-containing hybrids (Zr-hybrids) with a high surface area (281.9−291.3 m2/g) and large pore volume (0.49−0.74 cm3/g) were prepared using the biomass-derived 5-sulfosalicylic acid as a ligand, and they were proven to be highly efficient for the Meerwein−Ponndorf−Verley reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol at 110 °C, with the highest furfuryl alcohol yield reaching up to 97.8%. Characterizations demonstrated that sulfonic and carboxyl groups in 5-sulfosalicylic acid molecules were coordinated with zirconium ions, making zirconium ions fully dispersed, thus leading to the formation of very fine zirconia particles with the diameter of <2 nm in mesoporous Zr-hybrids. The interaction between the 5-sulfosalicylic acid ligands and zirconium ions endowed mesoporous Zr-hybrids with relatively higher acid strength but lower base strength, which was beneficial for the selective reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol. A recycling study was performed over a certain mesoporous Zr-hybrid, namely meso-Zr-SA15, demonstrating that the yield and selectivity of furfuryl alcohol remained almost unchanged during the five consecutive reaction cycles. This study provides an optional method to prepare hybrid catalysts for biomass refining by using biomass-derived feedstock.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Biomass; Furaldehyde; Furans; Hydrogenation; Ligands; Salicylates; Zirconium

In this work, we integrated the superiority of good conductivity, large surface area of carbon fibers and the catalytic property, good biocompatibility of polymer sulfosalicylic acid to construct a novel electrochemical sensor to detect theophylline in drug analysis. The morphology of nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The polymerization between monomers was observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The composite between carbon material and polymer was verified by Raman spectrum. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the concentration of theophylline (0.6∼137 μM) and the peak current value revealed a good linear relationship and the limit of detection as low as 0.2 μM. In addition, the proposed sensor exhibits repeatability, stability and ease of selectivity.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Carbon; Carbon Fiber; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Limit of Detection; Salicylates; Theophylline

The metal-organic frameworks (MOF) have shown fascinating possibilities in biomedical applications, designing a multifunctional drug delivery system based on the MOF is important. In this study, 5-sulfosalicylic acid and boswellic acids (BAs) were loaded to the pH sensitive zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanocomposite containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the center. The ZIF layer acts as a capsule for the nontoxic storage of 5-sulfosalicylic acid and boswellic acids (BAs) under physiological conditions. The results of the characterization demonstrated the performance of the nanocarrier formation. The pH-sensitive drug release of 5-sulfosalicylic acid was detected due to the innate pH-dependent stability of ZIF-8. An effective pH-sensitive drug delivery system using a 5-sulfosalicylic acid/BSA@ZIF-8, and 5-sulfosalicylic acid/BSA/BAs@ZIF-8, in which the 5-sulfosalicylicacid is not free in physiological pH but it is released at acidic pH (5.0) has been fabricated. The best biocompatibility has been found in 5-sulfosalicylic acid/BSA/BAs@ZIF-8 comparing to the 5-sulfosalicylic acid/BSA, 5-sulfosalicylic acid /BSA/BAs, and 5-sulfosalicylic acid/BSA@ZIF-8. Additionally, 5-sulfosalicylic acid/BSA /BAs@ZIF-8 exhibited higher effectiveness than other compounds against the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, with less toxicity. It is concluded from the results of the current study that the fabricated ZIF-8 based nanocarrier may potentially provide therapeutic effects on breast cancer cells.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Humans; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Nanocomposites; Salicylates; Triterpenes; Zeolites

This work depicts the novel chromogenic system for the assay of glucose in blood samples connected with the chelate formation of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) with iron (Fe(III)) using glucose oxidase (GOD) presented. The purple-colored Fe-SSA chelate compound formed, maintain a strong absorption at 500 nm in the acidic buffer of pH 3.8. The Beer's law limit for the assay of glucose by rate, and a one-time method is in the range of 46-1295 μmol/L and 9-1110 μmol/L sequentially. Inter and Intraday precision fluctuated amid 0.98-1.4% (n = 10), and 1.33-2.89% (n = 15) sequentially. The recovery of glucose varied from 96.6 to 102%, registering trifling interference by common interferants in blood samples. The accuracy of the outcome, LOD, and LOQ of glucose were within 90-102%, 2.376, and 7.923 μmol/L individually. The introduced method has a coefficient of correlation 0.999 with the standard kit system, and easy to ascertain serum glucose with excellent recovery and insignificant interruption. Nevertheless, the system can be recognized for selection by the biochemical laboratories.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Blood Glucose; Ferric Compounds; Glucose Oxidase; Humans; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry

A novel approach to automated flow titration with spectrophotometric detection for the determination of Fe(III) is presented. The approach is based on the possibility of strict and simultaneous control of the flow rates of sample and titrant streams over time. It consists of creating different but precisely defined concentration gradients of titrant and analyte in each successively formed monosegments, and is based on using the calculated titrant dilution factor. The procedure was verified by complexometric titration of Fe(III) in the form of a complex with sulfosalicylic acid, using EDTA as a titrant. Fe(III) and Fe(II) (after oxidation to Fe(III) with the use of H

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Ferric Compounds; Fresh Water; Hydrogen Peroxide; Iron; Oxidation-Reduction; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry

Fenton reaction-based reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation provides a new idea for the design of ROS-mediated anticancer agents. Finding ways to increase iron uptake and to elevate the level of H2O2 in cells simultaneously is thus crucial to this strategy. Meanwhile, salicylic acid (SA) or its analogue, as the major metabolite of aspirin, has been reported to be closely associated with an intracellular redox-active product. In this work, a PEG-modified nanoscale coordination polymer (PFNC) via the self-assembly of 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) with Fe3+ ions has been designed for the first time. The results show that the SSA dissociated from the PFNC can lead to the decrease of GSH and the accumulation of H2O2 in cancer cells, and thus elevate cellular ROS via the Fenton reaction. Owing to such intracellular oxidative stress, PFNC-induced ferroptotic cell death was further confirmed. In vitro cytotoxicity studies show that PFNCs display higher cytotoxicity on cancer cells than on normal cells. In vivo experiments further demonstrate that PFNCs not only possess high tumor accumulation, but also significantly inhibit the tumor growth without obvious damage toward the major organs. Based on the results, we expect that this work will provide an inspiration for understanding the role of SA, even aspirin, in the prevention of cancer.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Aspirin; Benzenesulfonates; Chemoprevention; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Iron; MCF-7 Cells; Oxidative Stress; Polyethylene Glycols; Reactive Oxygen Species; Salicylates

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Benzothiazoles; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Fruit; Gold; Magnoliopsida; Nanotubes, Carbon; Polymers; Rutin; Salicylates

A method for monitoring l-asparagine (ASN) depletion in patients' serum using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with precolumn o-phthalaldehyde and ethanethiol (ET) derivatization is described. In order to improve the signal and stability of analytes, several important factors including precipitant reagent, derivatization conditions and detection wavelengths were optimized. The recovery of the analytes in biological matrix was the highest when 4% sulfosalicylic acid (1:1, v/v) was used as a precipitant reagent. Optimal fluorescence detection parameters were determined as λex = 340 nm and λem = 444 nm for maximal signal. The signal of analytes was the highest when the reagent ET and borate buffer of pH 9.9 were used in the derivatization solution. And the corresponding derivative products were stable up to 19 h. The validated method had been successfully applied to monitor ASN depletion and l-aspartic acid, l-glutamine, l-glutamic acid levels in pediatric patients during l-asparaginase therapy.

Topics: Asparaginase; Asparagine; Benzenesulfonates; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Drug Monitoring; Humans; o-Phthalaldehyde; Reproducibility of Results; Salicylates; Sensitivity and Specificity

We described a reference measurement procedure for amino acid (AA) quantification in blood samples based on deproteinization with 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) and an isotope dilution-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The serum was deproteinized with 15% v/v SSA and the supernatant was injected directly into the LC-MS system without further processing. Compared with the use of other precipitants and water as a control, five model AAs-valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine-in the SSA-treated samples showed ionization enhancement as well as stable background signals without significant ion suppression effects. Five analytes were clearly separated within 3min using gradient elution and ion-pair chromatography of water and acetonitrile containing 0.1% v/v trifluoroacetic acid. The limit of detection range of this method was 2-52fmol, and the RSDs of accuracy and precision from intra- and inter-day assays were within 2.7%. The method was applied to various blood samples including serum, whole blood and plasma, with no reasonable measurement bias revealed. The quantification accuracy of this method was then assessed using commercially available plasma certified reference material (CRM) for AA, and the results agreed well within certified values. We finally applied this method to the determination of candidate serum CRM. The optimized protocol was found to be suitable for the accurate quantification of five AAs in serum, and may satisfactorily serve as a primary method for AA measurement in various blood matrices.

Topics: Amino Acids; Benzenesulfonates; Blood Proteins; Chemical Precipitation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Limit of Detection; Salicylates; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Carbon; Dopamine; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Nanostructures; Reproducibility of Results; Salicylates

The goal of this study was to develop an electroanalytical method for the simultaneous determination of steroid hormones for the first time. The key factor in the electrochemical methods is the choice of suitable electrode materials. For this purpose, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) doped poly(sulfosalicylic acid) (PSSA) was immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Apart from exhibition strong and stable electrocatalytic response towards estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), the proposed sensor was able to distinguish two hormone's oxidation peaks clearly. Under the optimal conditions, for selective determination of E2, good linear relationships were obtained in the range of 0.001-6.0μmolL

Topics: Amlodipine, Valsartan Drug Combination; Benzenesulfonates; Catalysis; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Estradiol; Graphite; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Limit of Detection; Nanocomposites; Polymers; Progesterone; Quantum Dots; Salicylates

The existence of proteinuria may be overlooked by applying the test strips. The aim of this study has been to determine the discrepancy between the findings ofproteinuria detected by test strips when compared to the results of its testing with the sulfosali- cylic acid.. The study sample consisted of 1106 subjects, who were divided into the proteinuria positive (test strips showed the presence of isolated proteinuria), and proteinuria negative group (microscopic examination revealed the presence of ≥10 fresh red blood cells4sL, and/or ≥1 dysmorphic erythrocyte/μL, and/or 10≥ leukocytes4uL, and or ≥1 cylinder, and/or ≥ 1 nonsquamous epithelial cells4μL, and/or ≥100 bacteria/μL). Both groups had the urine tested with sulfosalicylic acid. The chemical and microscopic examination of the urine was done by the analyzer LabUMat-UriSed.. Proteinuria was confirmed with the sulfosalicylic acid test in 96.5% ofsublects from group I and in 85.3% ofsubiects from group 2. Among the patients with the negative finding of proteinuria on the test strip and with the positive sulfosalicylic acid test there was a significantly higher number of those with pathological findings of erythrocytes, leukocytes, bacteria and cylinders in the urine when compared to those of the same group with negative sulfosalicylic acid test.. Sulfosalicylic acid test should be performed in cases of pathological microscopic findings in the urine in case of the presence of ≥10 fresh erythrocytes4iL and/or ≥ 1 dysmorphic eryth- rocyte/pL and/or 10≥ leukocytes/μL and/or 1≥ cylinder (except hyaline) and/or ≥1 nonsquamous epithelial cells/pL and/or≥ 100 bacterial pL even if the test strip examination is negative for proteinuria.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proteinuria; Salicylates; Urinalysis

Manganese oxide supported on mesoporous ceria was prepared and used as catalyst for catalytic ozonation of sulfosalicylic acid (SA). Characterization results indicated that the manganese oxide was mostly incorporated into the pores of ceria. The synthesized catalyst exhibited high activity and stability for the mineralization of SA in aqueous solution by ozone, and more than 95% of total organic carbon was removed in 30 min under various conditions. Mechanism studies indicated that SA was mainly degraded by ozone molecules, and hydroxyl radical reaction played an important role for the degradation of its ozonation products (small molecular organic acids). The manganese oxide in the pores of CeO2 improved the adsorption of small molecular organic acids and the generation of hydroxyl radicals from ozone decomposition, resulting in high TOC removal efficiency.

Topics: Adsorption; Benzenesulfonates; Catalysis; Cerium; Hydroxyl Radical; Manganese Compounds; Oxides; Ozone; Porosity; Salicylates

A novel method is developed to rapidly analyze lipid peroxidation in edible oils and fatty foods at room temperature, which is called the pyridoxamine-participating ferrous oxidation-sulfosalicylic acid (PFOS) method. The PFOS method evaluates the lipid peroxide value colorimetrically via detecting the pyridoxamine-mediated pigment produced by 5-sulfosalicylic acid and Fe(3+) at 500nm, while the latter is converted from Fe(2+) in the presence of lipid peroxides. The optimized formulation was ethanol (70%, v/v), Fe(2+) (4mmol/L), 5-sulfosalicylic acid (40mmol/L) and pyridoxamine (18mmol/L). The limit of quantitation is 0.087mmol Fe(3+)/L with acceptable reproducibility. In addition, current method has a significant linear correlation with both conventional thiobarbituric acid (R(2)=0.9999) and ferric thiocyanate assays (R(2)=0.9675). This method offers a rapid technique for evaluating lipid peroxidation without heating and sophisticated instrumental procedures. Besides, current method provides a new option to evaluate the lipid peroxidation state and improve the reproducibility of ferrous-oxidation.

Topics: Animals; Antifreeze Proteins, Type I; Benzenesulfonates; Ferrous Compounds; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipid Peroxides; Oxidation-Reduction; Pyridoxamine; Reproducibility of Results; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry; Swine; Time Factors

A simple, rapid sample extraction method for the determination of FQs was developed. Fishery samples were extracted with 2% of 5-sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate and the extracts were analyzed directly without any further purification or clean-up procedures. The FQs were determined with standards of 2% of 5-sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate in the concentration range of 0.1-25.6 μg L(-1), and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1 μg L(-1). The matrix interference originated from fishery samples was eliminated by 2% of 5-sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate and did not interact with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled IgG in western blotting. No significant matrix interference was observed as samples extracted with 2% of 5-sulfosalicylic acid dihydrate. Recoveries of FQs in fishery muscle were between 72.37-94.35% in the concentrations range of 10-50 μg kg(-1).This extraction procedure was much rapider and simpler to conventional ELISA extraction procedure and could be used as a time-saving and cost-effective method for FQs monitoring in fishery samples.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fisheries; Fluoroquinolones; Limit of Detection; Muscles; Salicylates

Low-level cadmium ion (Cd(2+)) exposure contributes much toward the causation of chronic disease. Due to its low permissible exposure limit, overexposures may occur even in situations where trace quantities of Cd(2+) exist. So far, no effective treatment for Cd(2+) toxicity has been reported. Prevention of further exposure is the most important step in management of patients suggestive of Cd(2+) intoxication. Development of sensors for Cd(2+) is of great interest to ensure early diagnosis and improve management. We propose here a simple, low-cost (0.1$ per sample) yet very sensitive (limit of detection is 3.0 nM) and selective colorimetric assay for rapid (2 min) determination of Cd(2+) based on 5-sulfosalicylic acid functionalized silver nanoparticles (SAA-AgNPs). This method shows excellent selectivity for Cd(2+) over the other 16 metal ions. It is also precise and highly reproducible in determining Cd(2+) in real samples such as tap water, milk, serum, and urine with recoveries ranging from 93 to 110%, indicating the wide practical application to samples suspected of Cd(2+) exposure.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Cadmium; Colorimetry; Environmental Pollutants; Limit of Detection; Metal Nanoparticles; Salicylates; Silver

A new method for selenium speciation in fermented bean curd wastewater and juice was described. This method involved sample extraction with 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA)-functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (SMNPs), capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation, and online detection with a modified electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) system. The modified interface for ETAAS allowed for the introduction of CE effluent directly through the end of the graphite tube. Elimination of the upper injection hole of the graphite tube reduced the loss of the anlayte and enhanced the detection sensitivity. The SSA-SMNPs were synthesized and used to extract trace amounts of selenite [Se(IV)], selenite [Se(VI)], selenomethionine (SeMet), and selenocystine (SeCys2) from dilute samples. The concentration enrichment factors for Se(VI), Se(IV), SeMet, and SeCys2 were 21, 29, 18, and 12, respectively, using the SSA-SMNPs extraction. The limits of detection for Se(VI), Se(IV), SeMet, and SeCys2 were 0.18, 0.17, 0.54, 0.49ngmL(-1), respectively. The RSD values (n=6) of method for intraday were observed between 0.7% and 2.9%. The RSD values of method for interday were less than 3.5%. The linear range of Se(VI) and Se(IV) were in the range of 0.5-200ngmL(-1), and the linear ranges of SeMet and SeCys2 were 2-500 and 2-1000ngmL(-1), respectively. The detection limits of this method were improved by 10 times due to the enrichment by the SSA-SMNP extraction. The contents of Se(VI) and Se(IV) in fermented bean curd wastewater were measured as 3.83 and 2.62ngmL(-1), respectively. The contents of Se(VI), Se(IV), SeMet, and SeCys2 in fermented bean curd juice were determined as 6.39, 4.08, 2.77, and 4.00ngmL(-1), respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 99.14-104.5% and the RSDs (n=6) of recoveries between 0.82% and 3.5%.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Limit of Detection; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Salicylates; Selenium; Silicon Dioxide; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Wastewater

Corrosion on steel and copper pipes in industry can trigger pollution and weakness due to undesired chemical and biochemical reactions. Too much or too little inhibitor can decrease its efficiency, even causing waste and pollution. In this contribution, an innovative delivery device driven by hydrogel swelling, mainly consisting of a semi-permeable membrane, a hydrogel-swelling force drive and a release orifice, was developed to control the release of inhibitor in a water system at a constant rate, leading the amount of inhibitor to maintain a proper concentration. The effects of hydrogel mass and orifice dimension on release property were studied for controlling release rate. Moreover, a weight loss experiment on carbon steels was carried out to show the incredible anti-corrosion function of the system.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Carbon; Corrosion; Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; Membranes, Artificial; Salicylates; Steel; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Supply

The properties of nitrogen centres acting either as hydrogen-bond or Brønsted acceptors in solid molecular acid-base complexes have been probed by N 1s X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as (15)N solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy and are interpreted with reference to local crystallographic structure information provided by X-ray diffraction (XRD). We have previously shown that the strong chemical shift of the N 1s binding energy associated with the protonation of nitrogen centres unequivocally distinguishes protonated (salt) from hydrogen-bonded (co-crystal) nitrogen species. This result is further supported by significant ssNMR shifts to low frequency, which occur with proton transfer from the acid to the base component. Generally, only minor chemical shifts occur upon co-crystal formation, unless a strong hydrogen bond is formed. CASTEP density functional theory (DFT) calculations of (15)N ssNMR isotropic chemical shifts correlate well with the experimental data, confirming that computational predictions of H-bond strengths and associated ssNMR chemical shifts allow the identification of salt and co-crystal structures (NMR crystallography). The excellent agreement between the conclusions drawn by XPS and the combined CASTEP/ssNMR investigations opens up a reliable avenue for local structure characterization in molecular systems even in the absence of crystal structure information, for example for non-crystalline or amorphous matter. The range of 17 different systems investigated in this study demonstrates the generic nature of this approach, which will be applicable to many other molecular materials in organic, physical, and materials chemistry.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Benzoates; Citric Acid; Crystallography, X-Ray; Fumarates; Glutarates; Hydrochloric Acid; Hydrogen Bonding; Malonates; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Oxalic Acid; Protons; Quantum Theory; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry; X-Rays

We report two cases of immunoglobulin light chain proteinuria (Bence Jones proteinuria) detected by simple side-room invest-igations: urine dipstick negative/1+, but with strong positive pre-cipitation on addition of an equal volume of sulphosalicylic acid (SSA) 3%. We highlight a significant limitation of urine dipstick testing, namely specificity for albumin, and the utility of SSA testing for the detection of urinary free light chain immunoglobulins.

Topics: Albumins; Benzenesulfonates; Biomarkers; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proteinuria; Salicylates; Urinalysis

In this manuscript, we report the preparation and characterization of sulphosalicylic doped tetraethoxysilane (SATEOS), composite material by sol-gel method as a new ion exchanger for the removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution. The fine granular material was prepared by acid catalyzed condensation polymerization through sol-gel mechanism in the presence of cationic surfactant. The material has an ion exchange capacity of 0.64 mequiv./g(dry) for sodium ions, 0.60 mequiv./g(dry) for potassium ions, 1.84 mequiv./g(dry) for magnesium ions, 1.08 mequiv./g(dry) for calcium ions and 1.36 mequiv./g(dry) for strontium ions. Its X-ray diffraction studies suggest that it is crystalline in nature. The material has been characterized by SEM, IR, TGA and DTG so as to identify the various functional groups and ion exchange sites present in this material. Quantum chemical computations at DFT/B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level on model systems were performed to substantiate the structural conclusions based ion instrumental techniques. Investigations into the elution behaviour, ion exchange reversibility and distribution capacities of this material towards certain environmentally hazardous metal ions are also performed. The material shows good chemical stability towards acidic conditions and exhibits fast elution of exchangeable H(+) ions under neutral conditions. This material shows remarkable selectivity for Ni(II) and on the basis of its Kd value (4×10(2) in 0.01M HClO4) some binary separations of Ni(II) from other metal ions are performed.

Topics: Adsorption; Benzenesulfonates; Catalysis; Cations; Crystallization; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Industrial Waste; Ion Exchange; Ions; Kinetics; Magnesium; Maleates; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Models, Molecular; Nickel; Phase Transition; Salicylates; Silanes; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Surface-Active Agents; Thermogravimetry; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification; X-Ray Diffraction

Terbium was selected as test material for its strong fluorescence effect, and sulfosalicylic acid was used as first ligand, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol 2000 as co-ligand, the fluorescence property of complexes in the two systems of ethanol solution and aqueous solution was explored. It was obtained that the polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol 2000 are the excellent co-ligands. Further study showed that sufactant is good for fluorescence enhancement of the different complexes and especially sodium dodecyl sulfate is best while exploring the impact of acidity on the fluorescence intensity. Terbium-sulfosalicylic acid-polyvinyl alcohol complex was obtained under the conditions of 342 nm for excitation wavelength, and 545 nm for emission wavelength. Mixing the complex into the plastic film in proper proportion, the authors prepared the rare earth light conversion membrane which allowed ultraviolet portion of sunlight to convert to green light the crop photosythesis needed to effectively improve the photosynthetic efficiency.

Topics: Agriculture; Benzenesulfonates; Coordination Complexes; Ligands; Membranes, Artificial; Microclimate; Photolysis; Polyethylene Glycols; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Salicylates; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Sunlight; Terbium

This study examined the binding of copper(II) by Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) using the method of differential absorbance that was used at environmentally-relevant concentrations of copper and SRFA. The pH- and metal-differential spectra were processed via numeric deconvolution to establish commonalities seen in the changes of absorbance caused by deprotonation of SRFA and its interactions with copper(II) ions. Six Gaussian bands were determined to be present in both the pH- and Cu-differential spectra. Their maxima were located, in the order of increasing wavelengths at 208 nm, 242 nm, 276 nm, 314 nm, 378 nm and 551 nm. The bands with these maxima were denoted as A0, A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5, respectively. Properties of these bands were compared with those existing in the spectra of model compounds such as sulfosalicylic acid (SSA), tannic acid (TA), and polystyrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid (PSMA). While none of the features observed in differential spectra of the model compound were identical to those present in the case of SRFA, Gaussian bands A1, A3 and possibly A2 were concluded to be largely attributable to a combination of responses of salicylic- and polyhydroxyphenolic groups. In contrast, bands A4 and A5 were detected in the differential spectra of SRFA only. Their nature remains to be elucidated. To examine correlations between the amount of copper(II) bound by SRFA and changes of its absorbance, differential absorbances measured at indicative wavelengths 250 nm and 400 nm were compared with the total amount of SRFA-bound copper estimated based on Visual MINTEQ calculations. This examination showed that the differential absorbances of SRFA in a wide range of pH values and copper concentrations were strongly correlated with the concentration of SRFA-bound copper. The approach presented in this study can be used to generate in situ information concerning the nature of functional groups in humic substances engaged in interactions with metals ions. This information can be useful for further elaboration and development of detailed theoretic models that describe the complexation of metals in the environment.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Benzopyrans; Chelating Agents; Copper; Florida; Georgia; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indicators and Reagents; Maleates; Models, Chemical; Osmolar Concentration; Polystyrenes; Rivers; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry; Tannins; Water Pollutants, Chemical

Herein, we describe indirect UV detection-ion-exclusion/cation-exchange chromatography (IEC/CEC) on a weakly acidic cation-exchange resin in the H(+)-form (TSKgel Super IC-A/C) using sulfosalicylic acid as the eluent. The goal of the study was to characterize the peaks detected by UV detector. The peak directions of analyte ions in UV at 315 nm were negative because the molar absorbance coefficients of analyte anions and cations were lower than that of the sulfosalicylic acid eluent. Good chromatographic resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios of analyte ions were obtained for the separations performed using 1.1 mM sulfosalicylic acid and 1.5 mM 18-crown-6 as the eluent. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the peak areas ranged from 0.6 to 4.9%. Lower detection limits of the analytes were achieved using indirect UV detection at 315 nm (0.23 - 0.98 μM) than those obtained with conductometric detection (CD) (0.61 - 2.1 μM) under the optimized elution conditions. The calibration curves were linear in the range from 0.01 to 1.0 mM except for Cl(-), which was from 0.02 to 2.0 mM. The present method was successfully applied to determine common inorganic ions in a pond water sample.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Calibration; Cation Exchange Resins; Cations; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Crown Ethers; Fresh Water; Limit of Detection; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Liposomal vinorelbine formulation is desirable, as it might improve the therapeutic activity of vinorelbine. However, because of its lipophilic and membrane-permeable properties, vinorelbine is hard to be formulated into liposomes using conventional drug-loading technologies. To improve vinorelbine retention, ammonium salts of several anionic agents were employed to prepare liposomal vinorelbine formulations. It was found that 5-sulfosalicylate (5ssa) could form stable complexes with vinorelbine and stabilize entrapped vinorelbine. The resultant vesicles had an in vitro release t(1/2) of ~12.49 hours in NH(3)-containing media, which is longer than those of sulfate and phytate vesicles (~0.57 hours). The circulation half-life of vinorelbine after the injection of 5ssa vesicles into normal mice was ~13.01 hours, accounting for ~2-fold increase relative to that of sulfate vesicles. Improved drug retention correlated with enhanced antitumor efficacy. In the RM-1/c57 model, 5ssa vesicles were more efficacious than sulfate vesicles (P < 0.05). In RM-1/BDF1 and Lewis lung cancer/c57 models, antitumor efficacy was also considerably improved after vinorelbine encapsulation into 5ssa vesicles. For instance, in the RM/BDF1 model, liposomal vinorelbine was at least 4-fold more therapeutically active than free vinorelbine. Our results demonstrated that 5ssa could stabilize vinorelbine relative to other anions, resulting in the formulation with improved drug retention and efficacy. Improved vinorelbine retention might be associated with the formation of insoluble precipitate, which could be proved by precipitation study and decreased drug-release rate at a high D/L ratio.

Topics: Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Benzenesulfonates; Cell Proliferation; Cholesterol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Female; Liposomes; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phosphatidylcholines; Salicylates; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vinblastine; Vinorelbine

The performance of the urine dipstick, sulfosalicylic acid (SSA), and urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) tests for the detection of albuminuria was assessed in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Two hundred and thirty-nine urine samples from 37 cats with CKD were used. Test results were dichotomized as either positive or negative, compared with those for the feline-specific rapid urine albumin immunoassay and test performance variables calculated for each test. A positive urine dipstick (≥ trace) and positive SSA (≥ 5 mg/dl), positive SSA alone or ≥ 2+ urine dipstick alone were indicative of albuminuria. In these cases, protein quantification would be warranted if proteinuria/albuminuria is persistent. In the case of a negative urine dipstick result the addition of the SSA added little diagnostic value. Of the tests investigated, the single best test for the detection of albuminuria was the UP/C (≥ 0.2) in which either a negative or positive test result provided useful information.

Topics: Albuminuria; Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Cat Diseases; Cats; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Male; Reagent Strips; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Salicylates; Sensitivity and Specificity; Species Specificity

Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized with abnormal tubular reabsorption of cystine and dibasic amino acids leading to cystine urolithiasis. The classical form is caused by mutations in the SLC3A1 gene (OMIM 220100). The cornerstone of the treatment is high hydration and alkalization of the urine to achieve urine pH between 7.0 and 7.5, at which point, cystine solubility in the urine is optimal. These measures very often fail, and thus addition of sulfhydryl agents like penicillamine and tiopronin (mercaptopropionyl glycine) is recommended. Herein, we report a 3-year-old boy with cystinuria resulting in recurrent nephrolithiasis requiring surgery and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Nine months after introduction of tiopronin, the boy manifested generalized edema, oliguria, and biochemical indices of nephrotic syndrome. Tiopronin was withdrawn, and the boy was given only supportive treatment. Within 10 days, he entered into clinical and biochemical remission. Pediatricians should be aware of this adverse effect of tiopronin, and therefore, testing of the urine with strips or sulfosalicylic acid at least once weekly at home may be very helpful for early detection of proteinuria.

Topics: Amino Acids, Sulfur; Benzenesulfonates; Child, Preschool; Cystinuria; Edema; Humans; Lithotripsy; Male; Nephrolithiasis; Nephrotic Syndrome; Proteinuria; Salicylates; Tiopronin

Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) is a highly glycosylated, negatively charged plasma protein suggested to have anti-inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory activities. Purification of AGP could be simplified if methods that exploit its high solubility under chemically harsh conditions could be demonstrated to leave the protein in its native conformation. Procedures involving exposure of AGP to hot phenol or sulphosalicylic acid (SSA) were compared to solely chromatographic methods. Hot phenol-purified AGP was more rapidly cleared from mice in vivo following intravenous injection than chromatographically purified AGP. In contrast, SSA-purified AGP demonstrated an identical in vivo clearance profile and circular dichroism spectrum to chromatographically purified AGP. Similarly, no differences in susceptibility to enzymatic deglycosylation or reactivity with Sambucus nigra lectin were detected between AGP purified via the two methods. Incorporation of the SSA step in the purification scheme for AGP eliminated the need for a large (4 mL resin/mL of plasma) initial chromatographic step and simplified its purification without causing any detectable distortion in the conformation of the protein. Confirmation that this procedure is nondenaturing will simplify AGP purification and investigation of its possible biological roles in laboratory animals.

Topics: Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chromatography, Liquid; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuraminidase; Orosomucoid; Phenol; Protein Denaturation; Rabbits; Salicylates; Statistics, Nonparametric

Poly(sulfosalicylic acid) and single-stranded DNA composite (PSSA-ssDNA)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared by electropolymerization and then successfully used to simultaneously determine adenine (A), guanine (G), and thymine (T). The characterization of electrochemically synthesized PSSA-ssDNA film was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The modified electrode exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic behavior and good stability for the simultaneous determination of A, G, and T in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.0). Well-separated voltammetric peaks were obtained among A, G, and T presented in the analyte mixture. Under the optimal conditions, the peak currents for A, G, and T increased linearly with the increase of analyte mixture concentration in the ranges of 6.5×10(-8) to 1.1×10(-6), 6.5×10(-8) to 1.1×10(-6), and 4.1×10(-6) to 2.7×10(-5)M, respectively. The detection limits (signal/noise=3) for A, G, and T were 2.2×10(-8), 2.2×10(-8), and 1.4×10(-6)M, respectively.

Topics: Adenine; Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Biosensing Techniques; Carbon; Dielectric Spectroscopy; DNA; DNA, Single-Stranded; Electricity; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Glass; Guanine; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Polymers; Reproducibility of Results; Salicylates; Thymine

A novel and efficient photo-Fenton catalyst of Fe(III)-5-sulfosalicylic acid (ssal) supported on Al(2)O(3) was prepared and characterized by FT-IR and TEM-EDX technique. A detailed investigation of photocatalytic degradation of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (DNBP) using this catalyst and H(2)O(2) under solar light irradiation was carried out. The effects of reaction parameters on photodegradation performance were investigated by examining H(2)O(2) dosage, catalyst loading, solution pH, initial DNBP concentration and temperature. The optimal conditions were an initial DNBP concentration of 40 mg L(-1) at pH 2.5 and temperature 30 degrees C with catalyst loading of 1.0 g L(-1) and H(2)O(2) concentration of 5 mmol L(-1) under solar light irradiation for 100 min. Almost complete degradation of DNBP was observed with [Fe(III)-ssal]-Al(2)O(3)/H(2)O(2) process under the optimal conditions. The degradation of DNBP by photo-Fenton-type process can be divided into the initiation phase and the fast phase. The kinetics of Fenton oxidation is complex and the degradation of DNBP in the two phases both can be described by a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. No obvious decline in efficiency of the [Fe(III)-ssal]-Al(2)O(3) catalyst was observed after 5 repeated cycles indicating this catalyst is stable and reusable. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed on the basis of all the information obtained under various experimental conditions.

Topics: 2,4-Dinitrophenol; Aluminum Oxide; Benzenesulfonates; Catalysis; Ferric Compounds; Hydrogen Peroxide; Iron; Kinetics; Oxidation-Reduction; Pesticides; Photolysis; Salicylates; Sunlight

To evaluate the use of dipstick, sulfosalicylic acid (SSA), and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UP:C) methods for use in detection of canine and feline albuminuria.. Evaluation study.. 599 canine and 347 feline urine samples.. Urine was analyzed by use of dipstick, SSA, and UP:C methods; results were compared with those for a species-specific ELISA to determine sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratios.. Positive results for dipstick and SSA tests (trace reaction or greater) in canine urine had moderate specificity (dipstick, 81.2%; SSA, 73.3%) and poor PPV (dipstick, 34.0%; SSA, 41.8%). Values improved when stronger positive results (>or= 2+) for the dipstick and SSA tests were compared with ELISA results (specificity, 98.9% and 99.0% for the urine dipstick and SSA tests, respectively; PPV, 90.7% and 90.2% for the dipstick and SSA tests, respectively). Data obtained for cats revealed poor specificity (dipstick, 11.0%; SSA, 25.4%) and PPV (dipstick, 55.6%; SSA, 46.9%). Values improved slightly when stronger positive test results (>or= 2+) were used (specificity, 80.0% and 94.2% for the dipstick and SSA tests, respectively; PPV, 63.5% and 65.2% for the dipstick and SSA tests, respectively). The UP:C had high specificity for albuminuria in dogs and cats (99.7% and 99.2%, respectively) but low sensitivity (28.7% and 2.0%, respectively).. Caution should be used when interpreting a positive test result of a dipstick or SSA test for canine or feline albuminuria.

Topics: Albuminuria; Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Cat Diseases; Cats; Creatinine; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Proteinuria; Reagent Strips; Salicylates; Sensitivity and Specificity; Species Specificity

The method exploits the possibilities of flow injection gradient titration in a system of reversed flow with spectrophotometric detection. In the developed approach a small amount of titrant (EDTA) is injected into a stream of sample containing a mixture of indicators (sulfosalicylic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline). In acid environment sulfosalicylic acid forms a complex with Fe(III), whereas 1,10-phenanthroline forms a complex with Fe(II). Measurements are performed at wavelength lambda=530 nm when radiation is absorbed by both complexes. After injection EDTA replaces sulfosalicylic acid and forms with Fe(III) more stable colourless complex. As a result, a characteristic "cut off" peak is registered with a width corresponding to the Fe(III) concentration and with a height corresponding to the Fe(II) concentration. Calibration was performed by titration of four two-component standard solutions of the Fe(II)/Fe(III) concentrations established in accordance with 2(2) factorial plan. The method was tested with the use of synthetic samples and then it was applied to the analysis of water samples taken from artesian wells. Under optimized experimental conditions Fe(II) and Fe(III) were determined with precision less than 0.8 and 2.5% (RSD) and accuracy less than 3.2 and 5.1% (relative error) within the concentration ranges of 0.1-3.0 and 0.9-3.5 mg L(-1) of both analytes, respectively.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Calibration; Ferric Compounds; Ferrous Compounds; Flow Injection Analysis; Fresh Water; Phenanthrolines; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

A method for the rapid determination of the oxidation rate of naturally occurring pyrite (FeS(2)) samples is presented. The progress of the oxidation reaction was followed by measurement of the concentration of total dissolved iron using flow injection analysis. Iron was determined using UV-vis detection after reaction with the colorimetric reagent 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the presence of ammonia. The calibration function was linear between 5 and 150 mg L(-1), and the detection limit was 0.46 mg L(-1). The relative standard deviation was typically less than 1% (n=10) and the measurement frequency was 60/h. The method was used to quantify the oxidation rate of 10 ground and cleaned pyrite samples (53 μm

Topics: Ammonia; Australia; Benzenesulfonates; Calibration; Colorimetry; Flow Injection Analysis; Indicators and Reagents; Iron; Mining; Oxidation-Reduction; Salicylates; Sulfides

The photocatalytic (PC) degradation kinetics of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) at different pH using TiO2 microspheres were elucidated by modeling. The resultant model had special consideration of adsorption and pH. The adsorption isotherms showed that the LC/MS(2)-identified intermediates were weakly adsorbed on the TiO2 microspheres, thus their adsorption was neglected in the modeling. By contrast, the SSA was significantly adsorbed, thus its adsorption retained as an item in the model. Consequently, a non-first-order model was obtained. Through the modeling, it was elucidated that the reaction rate increased non-linearly with the SSA adsorption equilibrium constant. Meanwhile, it was elucidated that a pH increase favored the hydroxyl radical production to accelerate the SSA degradation, while impeded the SSA adsorption to slower it, hence a neutral pH caused the fastest SSA degradation.

Topics: Adsorption; Benzenesulfonates; Catalysis; Chromatography, Liquid; Environmental Pollution; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mass Spectrometry; Microspheres; Photochemical Processes; Salicylates; Titanium

The polyphenol oxidase (LsPPO) from a wild edible mushroom Lactarius salmonicolor was purified using a Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine-p-amino benzoic acid affinity column. At the optimum pH and temperature, the K(M) and V(Max) values of LsPPO towards catechol, 4-methylcatechol and pyrogallol were determined as 0.025 M & 0.748 EU/mL, 1.809 x 10(- 3) M & 0.723 EU/mL and 9.465 x 10(- 3) M & 0.722 EU/mL, respectively. Optimum pH and temperature values of LsPPO for the three substrates above ranged between the pH 4.5-11.0 and 5-50 degrees C. Enzyme activity decreased due to heat denaturation with increasing temperature. Effects of a variety of classical PPO inhibitors were investigated opon the activity of LsPPO using catechol as the substrate. IC(50) values for glutathione, p-aminobenzenesulfonamide, L-cysteine, L-tyrosine, oxalic acid, beta-mercaptoethanol and syringic acid were determined as 9.1 x 10(- 4), 2.3 x 10(- 4) M, 1.5 x 10(- 4) M, 3.8 x 10(- 7) M, 1.2 x 10(- 4) M, 4.9 x 10(- 4) M, and 4 x 10(- 4) M respectively. Thus L-tyrosine was by far the most effective inhibitor. Interestingly, sulfosalicylic acid behaved as an activator of LsPPO in this study.

Topics: Agaricales; Benzenesulfonates; Catechol Oxidase; Catechols; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Pyrogallol; Salicylates; Substrate Specificity; Temperature; Tyrosine

The two title compounds of 2,2'-biimidazole (Bim) with 5-sulfosalicylic acid (5-H(2)SSA) and 2,2'-bibenzimidazole (Bbim) with 5-H(2)SSA are 1:2 organic salts, viz. C(6)H(8)N(4)(2+).2C(7)H(5)O(6)S(-), (I), and C(14)H(12)N(4)(2+).2C(7)H(5)O(6)S(-).3H(2)O, (II). The cation of compound (I) lies on a centre of inversion, whereas that of (II) lies on a twofold axis. Whilst compound (I) is anhydrous, three water molecules are incorporated into the crystal structure of (II). The substitution of imidazole H atoms by other chemical groups may favour the incorporation of water molecules into the crystal structure. In both compounds, the component cations and anions adopt a homogeneous arrangement, forming alternating cation and anion layers which run parallel to the (001) plane in (I) and to the (100) plane in (II). By a combination of N-H...O, O-H...O and C-H...O hydrogen bonds, the ions in both compounds are linked into three-dimensional networks. In addition, pi-pi interactions are observed between symmetry-related benzene rings of Bbim(2+) cations in (II).

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Benzimidazoles; Crystallography, X-Ray; Hydrogen Bonding; Imidazoles; Models, Molecular; Salicylates

Selenomethionine (SeMet) is a widely used nutritional supplement that has potential benefit for people living in selenium-deficient areas. Previous research has shown that selenium administered as SeMet undergoes significant enterohepatic recycling which may involve the gut microflora. In order to investigate this we have developed a simple method for the quantitation of l-SeMet in rat gut content suspensions prepared from jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon. After incubation of l-SeMet with gut content suspensions, samples were deproteinized with sulfosalicylic acid and derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Mass spectrometry confirmed the formation of a 1:1:1 derivative of l-SeMet with OPA and NAC. Samples were analysed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The assay was linear in the concentration range 0.5-100 microg/mL (r(2) = 0.9992) with a limit of detection of 0.025 microg/mL (signal-to-noise ratio of 5). Intra-day and inter-day accuracies were 91.1-92.8 and 91.7-95.5%, respectively with corresponding precisions as relative standard deviation of <5%. Incubation of l-SeMet with gut content suspensions from different parts of the rat intestine showed that l-SeMet metabolism occurs mainly in the caecum.

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Gastrointestinal Contents; Male; o-Phthalaldehyde; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reproducibility of Results; Salicylates; Selenomethionine; Sensitivity and Specificity

A conductive polymer-hydrogel blend between sulfosalicylic acid-doped polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was used as a carrier/matrix for the transdermal drug delivery under applied electrical field. PAA films and the blend films were prepared by solution casting with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linking agent, followed by the blending of PPy particles and the PAA matrix. The effects of cross-linking ratio and electric field strength on the diffusion of the drug from PAA and PPy/PAA hydrogels were investigated using a modified Franz-diffusion cell with an acetate buffer of pH 5.5 and at 37 degrees C, for a period of 48h. The diffusion coefficient of the drug is calculated using the Higuchi equation, with and without an electric field, at various cross-linking ratios. The drug diffusion coefficient decreases with increasing drug size/mesh size ratio, irrespective of the presence of the conductive polymer as the drug carrier. The diffusion coefficient, at the applied electric field of 1.0V, becomes larger by an order of magnitude relative to those without the electric field.

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Administration, Cutaneous; Algorithms; Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Benzenesulfonates; Cross-Linking Reagents; Diffusion; Drug Delivery Systems; Electric Conductivity; Hydrogels; Iontophoresis; Membranes, Artificial; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Particle Size; Pyrroles; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Transition Temperature; Water

The structures of two 1:1 proton-transfer red-black dye compounds formed by reaction of aniline yellow [4-(phenyldiazenyl)aniline] with 5-sulfosalicylic acid and benzenesulfonic acid, and a 1:2 nontransfer adduct compound with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid have been determined at either 130 or 200 K. The compounds are 2-(4-aminophenyl)-1-phenylhydrazin-1-ium 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate methanol solvate, C12H12N3+.C7H5O6S-.CH3OH, (I), 2-(4-aminophenyl)-1-phenylhydrazin-1-ium 4-(phenyldiazenyl)anilinium bis(benzenesulfonate), 2C12H12N3+.2C6H5O3S-, (II), and 4-(phenyldiazenyl)aniline-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (1/2), C12H11N3.2C7H4N2O6, (III). In compound (I), the diazenyl rather than the aniline group of aniline yellow is protonated, and this group subsequently takes part in a primary hydrogen-bonding interaction with a sulfonate O-atom acceptor, producing overall a three-dimensional framework structure. A feature of the hydrogen bonding in (I) is a peripheral edge-on cation-anion association also involving aromatic C-H...O hydrogen bonds, giving a conjoint R(1)(2)(6)R(1)(2)(7)R(2)(1)(4) motif. In the dichroic crystals of (II), one of the two aniline yellow species in the asymmetric unit is diazenyl-group protonated, while in the other the aniline group is protonated. Both of these groups form hydrogen bonds with sulfonate O-atom acceptors and these, together with other associations, give a one-dimensional chain structure. In compound (III), rather than proton transfer, there is preferential formation of a classic R(2)(2)(8) cyclic head-to-head hydrogen-bonded carboxylic acid homodimer between the two 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid molecules, which, in association with the aniline yellow molecule that is disordered across a crystallographic inversion centre, results in an overall two-dimensional ribbon structure. This work has shown the correlation between structure and observed colour in crystalline aniline yellow compounds, illustrated graphically in the dichroic benzenesulfonate compound.

Topics: Aniline Compounds; Azo Compounds; Benzenesulfonates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Hydrogen Bonding; Molecular Structure; Nitrobenzoates; p-Aminoazobenzene; Protons; Salicylates

For the hydrated proton-transfer compound 6-chloro-9-[(4-diethylammonio-2-methylbutyl)amino]-2-methoxyacridinium 3-carboxylato-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate dihydrate, C(23)H(32)ClN(3)O(2+).C(7)H(4)O(6)S(2-).2H(2)O, (I), the conformational features, specifically those of the extended side chain at the 9-position of the acridine parent, have been compared with those of quinacrinium dichloride dihydrate (the drug atabrine or mepacrine). Racemic compound (I) has a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded framework structure similar to atabrine but also involves the water molecules and both the carboxylate and sulfonate groups of the anion in structure extension. The comparable conformational features found in this uncommon derivative of quinacrine indicate that (I) has potential as a possible pharmaceutical substitute for atabrine.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Hydrogen Bonding; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Protons; Quinacrine; Salicylates

In order to evaluate the cesium-induced toxic functional changes in organisms, transmembrane activities of cesium 5-sulfosalicylate (Cs(H(2)Ssal)) into human erythrocyte in vitro is presented in this paper, including kinetic characteristic of transport process and pathways involved in it. The uptake amount of Cs(H(2)Ssal) by erythrocyte was determined both by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) and spectrofluorimetry. The pathways of Cs(H(2)Ssal) transporting into erythrocyte are proposed according to inhibition investigation. The influence of Cs(H(2)Ssal) on morphological properties of erythrocytes was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determined the endurable concentration extent of erythrocytes to Cs(H(2)Ssal). Results show that transmembrane of Cs(H(2)Ssal) has characteristic of first-order kinetic process during the first 2h, and four pathways were involved in its transporting activities: Ca(2+) channel, Na(+)-K(+) pump, Na(+)-Cs(+) countertransport, and anion Cl(-)/CsCO(3)(-) exchange. The transmembrane process of Cs(H(2)Ssal) can both prevent the uptake of K(+) and induces abnormal accumulation of extracellular K(+) as well as occupy some K(+)-binding sites in protein, causing some tissues losing their activities and functions. Only high concentrations of Cs(H(2)Ssal) could change morphological properties of erythrocytes greatly and cause hemolysis eventually.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Biological Transport, Active; Calcium Channels; Cell Shape; Cesium; Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythrocyte Membrane; Erythrocytes; Humans; Ion Transport; Kinetics; Salicylates; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Time Factors

Electrically controlled drug delivery using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels as the matrix/carriers for a model drug was investigated. The drug-loaded PVA hydrogels were prepared by solution-casting using sulfosalicylic acid as the model drug and glutaraldehyde as the crosslinking agent. The average molecular weight between crosslinks, the crosslinking density, and the mesh size of the PVA hydrogels were determined from the equilibrium swelling theory as developed by Peppas and Merril, and the latter data were compared with those obtained from scanning electron microscopy. The release mechanisms and the diffusion coefficients of the hydrogels were studied using modified Franz-Diffusion cells in an acetate buffer with pH 5.5 and temperature 37 degrees C during a period of 48 h, in order to determine the effects of crosslinking ratio, electric field strength, and electrode polarity. The amounts of drug released were analyzed by UV-vis spectrophotometry. The amounts of drug released vary linearly with square root of time. The diffusion coefficients of drug-loaded PVA hydrogels decrease with increasing crosslink ratio. Moreover, the diffusion coefficients of the charged drug in the PVA hydrogels depend critically on the electric field strength between 0 and 5 V as well as on the electrode polarity. Thus, the release rate of sulfosalicylic acid can be altered and controlled precisely through electric field stimulation.

Topics: Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Biological Transport; Cross-Linking Reagents; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diffusion; Drug Carriers; Electricity; Glutaral; Hydrogels; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Salicylates; Skin Absorption; Swine

We have investigated the mechanism of reduction of organically complexed iron(III) in the presence of superoxide, the one-electron reduced form of dioxygen that is produced in natural waters by thermal, photochemical, and biological pathways. Experimental results show that reduction of organically complexed iron(III) by superoxide may occur by either (or, in some instances, both) reaction of superoxide with inorganic iron(III) after its dissociation from the complex (dissociative reduction) or by direct reaction of superoxide with the complex (non-dissociative reduction). In the presence of low concentrations of ligands such as citrate and sulfosalicylate that bind iron(III) relatively weakly and result in complexes with high dissociation rate constants (kd > 1 x 10(-4) s(-1)), a dissociative reduction pathway dominates. However, in the presence of strong ligands or high concentrations of weak ligands, only non-dissociative reduction of complexed iron(III) occurs. The relative contribution of each pathway has major implications for the lability and hence potential bioavailablity of iron in natural waters. The simple kinetic model developed here can be used to correctly predict the superoxide-mediated formation rates of iron(II) in natural systems.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Benzopyrans; Citrates; Deferoxamine; Edetic Acid; Ferrozine; Hydroxybenzoates; Iron; Oxidation-Reduction; Salicylates; Siderophores; Superoxides

5-Sulfosalicylic acid (5-SSA) and 3-aminopyridine (3-APy) crystallize in the same solvent system, resulting in two kinds of 1:1 proton-transfer organic adduct, namely 3-aminopyridinium 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate monohydrate, C(5)H(7)N(2)(+).C(7)H(5)O(6)S(-).H(2)O or 3-APy.5-SSA.H(2)O, (I), and the anhydrous adduct, C(5)H(7)N(2)(+).C(7)H(5)O(6)S(-) or 3-APy.5-SSA, (II). Both compounds have extensively hydrogen-bonded three-dimensional layered polymer structures, with interlayer homo- and heterogeneous pi-pi interactions in (I) and (II), respectively.

Topics: Aminopyridines; Benzenesulfonates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Molecular Structure; Salicylates; Salts; Solvents

The synthesis and crystal structures of [Pb(Hssal)(2,2'-bipy)(DMF)]n (1), [Pb(Hssal)(2,2'-bipy)(H2O)]n (2), [Pb(Hssal)(phen)(DMF)]n (3), and [Pb3(ssal)2(phen)3]n (4) were reported, where Hssal2- and ssal3- are doubly and fully deprotonated 5-sulfosalicylates, 2,2'-bipy is 2,2'-bipyridine, and phen is 1,10-phenanthroline. Compounds 1-4 were synthesized by the various reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature, molar ratio, and pH, and these structures are formed by infinite chains or layers where Pb(II) ions are linked by Hssal2- or ssal3- bridges. Compound 1, which has a ladderlike chain, was formed in DMF/H2O. Compound 2 with a H2O molecule coordinated to Pb(II) was prepared by a hydrothermal reaction. Compounds 3 and 4 were synthesized in a higher pH compared to compounds 1 and 2, containing the 2,2'-bipy ligand. In 1-3, 5-sulfosalicylates are doubly deprotonated, whereas in 4, 5-sulfosalicylate is fully deprotonated. Coordination modes of Hssal2- and ssal3- ligands in 1-4 are novel and are first reported in this presentation. Although compounds 1 and 3 have the same structural topology, their aromatic-aromatic interactions are significantly different. The coordination spheres of Pb(II) ions in 1 and 3 are holodirected, whereas in 2 and 4, they feature somewhat hemidirected properties with small holes or gaps. Compound 4 exhibits some interesting features that (1) there is not any solvent in the structure, (2) there are extensively aromatic-aromatic stacking interactions among aromatic rings, and (3) there is also a weak interaction between Pb(II) atoms in the trinuclear motif.

Topics: Amines; Benzenesulfonates; Chelating Agents; Crystallography, X-Ray; Hydrogen Bonding; Ions; Lead; Ligands; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Organometallic Compounds; Polymers; Salicylates; Solvents; Spectrophotometry, Infrared

The contents of amino acids and proteins and the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase were determined in roots, stems, and leaves of Eu3+-treated Lathyrus sativus L. The results showed that the treatment of Eu3+ made the contents of amino acid and protein and the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase change. The first possible mechanism was that Eu3+ directly made the electric potential of -NH2 or -COOH of amino acid change. The second possible mechanism was that Eu3+ played a role in metallic-activated factors of certain enzymes, which catalyze the catabolism and anabolism of protein. Then, the contents of amino acids and proteins were relatively changed. The third possible mechanism was that Eu3+ regulated the activity of ATPase through changing the Na+/K+ ratio. The energy released by ATPase was the driving force for the translocation of amino acids and proteins in the plant cell. Because of the changeability of its valence, Eu3+ played an important role in regulating certain physiological reactions to increase the adaptability of L. sativus in arid environment.

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Amino Acids; Benzenesulfonates; Europium; Lathyrus; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Proteins; Salicylates; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Tryptophan

The surface of nanometer size TiO(2) was simply and fast modified by chemical adsorption in saturated solution of 5-sulfosalicylic acid. After surface modification, a stable, yellow surface complex was formed quickly, the wavelength response range of TiO(2) was expanded, it has obvious absorption in the region from 320 to 450 nm; the adsorption efficiency of p-nitrophenol (PNP) by TiO(2) was enhanced from 42% to 84%. The photocatalytic activity was tested on the degradation of PNP. The influences of catalyst and its dosage, pH value, and PNP concentration on the degradation were investigated. On optimal photodegradation conditions, including initial pH 4.0, PNP 5 mg l(-1), catalyst 100 mg, irradiation time 120 min with 160 W high-pressure mercury lamp, the degradation efficiency of PNP was increased from 40% to 88% after surface modification. Surface modification led not only to an increase in the light utilization, but also improved the surface coverage of PNP in comparison with the pure TiO(2). Both of these factors are crucial for the photocatalytic activity of heterogeneous photocatalysis, especially for photodegradation of benzenoid pollutants.

Topics: Adsorption; Benzenesulfonates; Benzoic Acid; Catalysis; Nitrophenols; Particle Size; Photochemistry; Salicylates; Surface Properties; Titanium; Ultraviolet Rays; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Proteinuria; Salicylates

Electrochemical cleavage of DNA in the presence of copper-sulfosalicylic acid [Cu(ssal)(2)(2+)] complex was studied. The cleavage was observed in a certain potential region where redox cycling of Cu(ssal)(2)(2+)/Cu(ssal)(2)(+) took place. Cu(ssal)(2)(2+) complex mediate generation of reactive oxygen species from O(2) by the Fenton reaction, these radicals are capable of damaging DNA. The cleaved DNA fragments were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The experimental results indicated that the method for electrochemical cleavage of DNA by Cu(ssal)(2)(2+) complex was simple and efficient.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Copper; DNA; Electrochemistry; Reactive Oxygen Species; Salicylates

Fluorescence spectra and fluorescence quantum yield of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) have been studied. Under the condition of pH<2, SSA has no fluorescence. With the increase in pH value, fluorescence intensity of SSA increases. In the range of pH 5-10.5, SSA gives a strong and steady fluorescence with a maximum emission wavelength at 402 nm and excitation wavelengths at 212, 238 and 297 nm, respectively. In strong alkaline solutions with pH>13, SSA exists as another fluorescence species with a maximum excitation wavelength at 261 nm and a maximum emission wavelength at 390 nm. The excitation spectrum of SSA changes when its concentration is relatively higher, but the emission spectrum remains unchanged. There is an excellent linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of SSA under neutral condition. The linear range is 5-250 ng x mL(-1), and the detection limit is 5 ng x mL(-1). Using quinine bisulphate as a reference, fluorescence quantum yields of SSA at different wavelengths were measured. At the maximum excitation wavelength 297 nm, fluorescence quantum yield of SSA is 0.54.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes; Limit of Detection; Models, Chemical; Photochemistry; Quantum Theory; Salicylates; Scattering, Radiation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Topics: Acetic Acid; Benzenesulfonates; Ninhydrin; Proline; Quartz; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry

The characteristics of different types of MnO(2) catalytic ozonation of sulfosalicylic acid (SSal) and propionic acid (PPA) have been investigated in this paper. The experimental results show the dependence of catalytic activity of MnO(2) on organic compounds and the pH of solutions, but it is independent on the type of MnO(2). For example, three types of MnO(2) have not any catalytic activity when ozonation of PPA under the condition of this experiment. All MnO(2) catalytic ozonation of SSal at pH=1.0 have a greater total organic carbon removal than ozonation alone has, however, at pH=6.8 and 8.5, catalytic efficiency is not observed. Furthermore, the batch experimental results indicate that there are no direct relationship between the activity of metal oxide catalytic decomposition of ozone and that of its catalytic degradation of organic compounds.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Catalysis; Manganese Compounds; Oxides; Ozone; Propionates; Salicylates; Water

In this study, conventional TiO2 powder was heated in hydrogen (H2) gas at a high temperature as pretreatment. The photoactivity of the treated TiO2 samples was evaluated in the photodegradation of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) in aqueous suspension. The experimental results demonstrated that the photodegradation rates of SSA were significantly enhanced by using the H2-treated TiO2 catalysts and an optimum temperature for the H2 treatment was found to be of 500-600 degrees C. The in situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal intensity of oxygen vacancies (OV) and trivalent titanium (Ti3+) associated with the photocatalytic activity was studied. The results proved the presence of OV and Ti3+ in the lattice of the H2-treated TiO2 and indicated that both were contributed to the enhancement of photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the experimental results presented that the EPR signal intensity of OV and Ti3+ in the H2-treated TiO2 samples after 10 months storage was still significant higher than that in the untreated TiO2 catalyst. The experiment also demonstrated that the significant enhancement occurred in the photodegradation of phenol using the H2-treated TiO2.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Catalysis; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen; Models, Chemical; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenol; Photolysis; Salicylates; Titanium; Ultraviolet Rays; Waste Disposal, Fluid

To develop a method for separating salicylic acid drugs by aqueous and nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with conductance detector.. Fused-silica capillary (55 cm x 50 microns ID) was used. The effects of concentration and pH of the running buffer, running voltage and injection time were studied. Salicylic acid (SA), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) can be separated in a 10 mmol.L-1 Tris-30 mmol.L-1 H3BO3 buffer (pH 8.0), the separation voltage and injection time were 24 kV and 10 s, respectively. But tailing peaks appeared. In order to improve the separation efficiency and the sensitivity, ethanol was used as nonaqueous solvent.. High sensitivity and resolution for SA, ASA and SSA were obtained in ethanol media, and there was excellent linearity between peak area and concentration of the analytes in the concentration range of 0.05-100 mg.L-1, 5.0-250 mg.L-1 and 0.08-100 mg.L-1 for SA, ASA and SSA, respectively. All the correlation coefficients were over 0.995.. The analysis of SA and ASA in aspirin tablets was tried and good results were obtained in ethanol media. There was higher sensitivity and separation efficiency than in aqueous media.

Topics: Aspirin; Benzenesulfonates; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Ethanol; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tablets; Water

DanShen is a Chinese medicine that is used to treat cardiovascular disorders. DanShen is moderately to strongly protein bound, mainly to albumin. Because impaired protein binding of albumin-bound drugs in uremia has been reported, we studied protein binding of DanShen by measuring the digoxin-like immunoreactive component of this Chinese medicine. We observed a significantly higher percentage of free fraction of DanShen in uremic sera in vitro. Impaired protein binding of DanShen was also observed in sera from patients with liver disease, who had elevated concentrations of bilirubin. Treating uremic sera with activated charcoal significantly improved the protein binding of DanShen, indicating that uremic compounds are responsible for the impaired protein binding of DanShen. On the other hand, when various amounts of bilirubin were added to aliquots of the normal pool supplemented with DanShen, we observed only a modest displacement of DanShen from the protein-binding sites by bilirubin, indicating that hypoalbuminemia may play a major role in impaired protein binding of DanShen in sera with elevated bilirubin concentrations. We conclude that protein binding of DanShen is lower in uremic sera and in sera with elevated bilirubin concentrations.

Topics: Acetates; Benzenesulfonates; Bilirubin; Blood Proteins; Charcoal; Creatine; Digoxin; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Phenanthrolines; Protein Binding; Salicylates; Salvia miltiorrhiza; Serum Albumin; Uremia

Two methodologies for the measurement of peptide amino acids (PAA) in blood were compared to evaluate their effects on the measurement of the net flux of peptides across the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. These methods consisted of a chemical deproteinization of blood samples with sulfosalicylic acid (1.6 M, 0.1 ml for 1 ml of sample) or perchloric acid (1 M, 1 ml for 1 ml of sample) followed by ultrafiltration through a 3,000-Da cut-off filter (SSA + UF3 kD) or gel filtration through a Sephadex G-15 column (1,500-Da cut-off filter; PCA + G-15), respectively, prior to PAA analysis. Peptide concentrations as determined by amino acid concentrations before and after hydrolysis of samples were slightly greater with the SSA + UF3 kD (991 microM) than with the PCA + G-15 (605 microM) methodology. However, both methodologies gave similar net portal-drained viscera flux data in sheep fed on alfalfa pellets with histidine as the only significant uptake of peptide amino acid.

Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Hydrolysis; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Molecular Weight; Peptides; Reproducibility of Results; Salicylates; Sheep; Ultrafiltration

A new method for the simultaneous determination of anions (sulfate, nitrate, and chloride) and cations (sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium) in acid rain waters was investigated using high-performance ion-exclusion/cation-exchange chromatography with conductimetric detection on a separation column packed with a polymethacrylate-based weakly acidic cation-exchange resin in the hydrogen-form and an eluent comprising 1.5 mM sulfosalicylic acid-6 mM 18-crown-6 at pH 2.6, operated at 1.5 ml/min. Effective separation and highly sensitive conductimetric detection for the anions and the cations was achieved in about 14 min. Since the ionic balance (equivalents of anions/equivalents of cations) of acid rain waters of different pH (4.40-4.67) ranged from 0.97 to 0.94, evaluation of the water quality of acid rain was possible. This method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of the anions and the cations in acid rain transported from mainland China and North Korea to central Japan monitored by a meteorological satellite data analyzer.

Topics: Acid Rain; Anions; Benzenesulfonates; Cation Exchange Resins; Cations; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Ethers, Cyclic; Salicylates

High-performance liquid chromatography separation of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) in biologic samples using electrochemical detection offers the convenience of both simultaneous quantitation and simple sample preparation. Rapid acidification is required to prevent GSH autooxidation, GSH and GSSG degradation, and precipitate proteins that interfere with analysis. Currently, little consistency exists in the literature regarding acid selection or the feasibility of sample storage before analysis. The purpose of this work was to examine the effects of perchloric (PCA), trichloroacetic (TCA), metaphosphoric (MPA), and 5-sulfosalicylic (SSA) acids on the short-term stability of GSH and GSSG measurements in whole blood. Samples were collected from adult volunteers and treated with multiple concentrations of each acid. The samples were analyzed immediately and aliquots were stored at -80 degrees C for up to 28 days. The suitability of each acid was assessed by percentage change of GSH and GSSG from baseline, efficiency of protein removal, and alteration of chromatogram characteristics. In general, increasing the acid concentration improved sample stability. Nevertheless, SSA did not achieve acceptable sample stability at any concentration tested. MPA was found to leave substantial amounts of protein in the samples, and TCA may interfere with the peaks of interest. Based on these results, a final concentration of 15% PCA is suggested for analysis of glutathione in whole blood. Although immediate sample preparation is preferred, 15% PCA can maintain sample integrity for 4 weeks after storage at -80 degrees C.

Topics: Adult; Benzenesulfonates; Blood Proteins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Perchlorates; Phosphorous Acids; Salicylates; Trichloroacetic Acid

In this paper, the applicability of the quantitative ethanol detector (QED) test kit for screening of ethanol concentrations in blood samples was investigated. The pretreatment of blood using the sulfosalicylic acid solution and the three-way stopcock followed by membrane filtration gave satisfactory results. The ethanol concentrations in whole blood samples (n=61) determined by QED correlated well with those determined by gas chromatography; the correlation coefficient indicated 0.990. Because a high correlation coefficient (0.928) was also confirmed in trial by investigators, QED test should be highly considered for ethanol screening in forensic praxis.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Chromatography, Gas; Equipment Design; Ethanol; False Positive Reactions; Forensic Medicine; Humans; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Salicylates; Trichloroacetic Acid

Different methodologies for the measurement of peptide amino acid (PAA) in blood and plasma were compared in sheep. Preparation of blood and plasma samples consisted of a deproteinization, either chemical with sulfosalicylic acid (0.04 g for 1 ml of sample) or physical by ultrafiltration (10,000-MW cut-off filters), with or without a subsequent ultrafiltration through a 3,000-MW cut-off filter. Peptide concentrations were determined by quantification of amino acid concentrations before and after acid hydrolysis of samples. Free amino acid concentrations were similar by all the method used (about 2.5 and 2.7 mM, for blood and plasma respectively). Peptide concentrations were higher with chemical deproteinization (10.6 and 4.2 mM, for blood and plasma respectively) than with physical deproteinization (5.7 and 3.3 mM, for blood and plasma respectively). When the deproteinized samples were further treated to remove material of molecular weight above than 3 kDa, peptide concentrations were significantly reduced, which indicates inefficiencies in the ability of the deproteinizing procedures in removing all the proteinaceous materials. Concentration of small PAA (< 3 kDa) in blood was about 1.5-fold that in plasma, mainly due to peptide Gly and Glu derived from the hydrolysis of the erythrocyte glutathione. The choice of a methodology for quantifying circulating peptides is discussed.

Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Hydrolysis; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Molecular Weight; Peptides; Reproducibility of Results; Salicylates; Sheep; Ultrafiltration

To compare the accuracy of semi quantitative methods for estimation of protein and sugar in urine as shown by their agreement with the quantitative estimation. Hundred randomly collected samples of urine were analysed for levels of protein and sugar. Protein estimation was dine by dipstick and sulphosalicylic acid method (SSA) and sugar by dipstick and Benedict's semi-quantitative methods. Kappa analysis was done on Epi Info 6.03 software to assess the agreement of these semi quantitative methods with the quantitative estimation. Neither of the two tests for urine protein, dipstick or SSA, showed good agreement with the quantitative estimation (Kappa coefficient: 0.26 and 0.07 respectively). However, the dipstick was significantly better than SSA (p < 0.05). For urine sugar, both dipstick and Benedict's tests showed good agreement with the quantitative estimation (Kappa coefficient: 0.78 and 0.84 respectively). The difference between them was insignificant. Results demonstrate that for urine protein, dipstick or SSA show poor agreement with quantitative values. For urine sugar estimation, Benedict's semi-quantitative test shows good agreement with the quantitative values and is as good as the dipstick method.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Carbohydrates; Globulins; Humans; Proteins; Proteinuria; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Reagent Strips; Salicylates; Urinalysis; Urine

A simple, selective, and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of anions (sulfate, nitrate, and chloride) and cations (sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium) in acid rain waters was developed using ion-exclusion/ cation-exchange chromatography with conductimetric detection. A weakly acidic cation-exchange resin column (Tosho TSKgel OA-PAK-A) and a sulfosalicylic acid-methanol-water eluent was used. With a mobile phase comprising 1.25 mM sulfosalicylic acid in methanol-water (7.5:92.5) at 1.2 ml/min, simultaneous separation and detection of the above anions and cations was achieved in about 30 min. Linear calibration plots of peak area versus concentration were obtained over the concentration ranges 0-1.0 mM for anions (R=0.9991) and 0-0.5 mM for cations (R=0.9994). Detection limits calculated at S/N=3 ranged from 4.2 to 14.8 ppb for the anions and from 2.4 to 12.1 ppb for the cations. The reproducibility of retention times was 0.14-0.15% relative standard deviation (RSD) for anions and 0.18-0.31% for cations, and reproducibility of chromatographic peak areas was 1.22-1.75% RSD for anions and 1.81-2.10% for cations. The method was applied successfully to the simultaneous determination of anions and cations in aerosols transported from mainland China to central Japan, as determined by a meteorological satellite data analyzer.

Topics: Anions; Benzenesulfonates; Cation Exchange Resins; Cations; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Reproducibility of Results; Salicylates; Sensitivity and Specificity

Ascorbic acid in medicine was determined by fading spectrophotometric method, based on Fe3+ reduced into Fe2+ by ascorbic acid and reacting on sulfosalicylic acid. The results obtained were in agreement with those of Chinese pharmacopoeia's method and background correction method.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Benzenesulfonates; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

After separation by isoelectric focusing (IEF) or non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE) in 9.2 M urea polyacrylamide tube gels, proteins with Mr > 20,000 can be precipitated by shaking the gels in 25% methanol. When a fiber-optic illuminator is placed in contact with the end of the gel, the cylindrical gel transmits light by internal reflection. In regions of the gel where protein is precipitated, this light is scattered, making it visible when the gel is viewed in a darkened room against a black background. The sensitivity of the method is moderate: less than 1 microgram protein per band (in a 3-mm diameter gel) can be detected. Because the protein in the bands precipitates rapidly (30 min), the solution used (25% methanol) is fairly benign to proteins, and the apparatus is not expensive, this technique should be useful in several situations including electrophoretic purification schemes. This method is especially useful for evaluating the quality of an IEF or NEPHGE tube gel before using it for the second dimension of a two-dimensional gel.

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Cattle; Chemical Precipitation; Chickens; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Isoelectric Focusing; Light; Methanol; Peptides; Proteins; Salicylates; Scattering, Radiation; Sensitivity and Specificity; Solvents

The simultaneous separation and detection of small cations and anions by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with indirect ultraviolet (UV) detection was successfully demonstrated in a background electrolyte (BGE) containing two UV-absorbing components. Benzylamine, imidazole, benzenesulfonic acid, sulfosalicylic acid, and pyromellitic acid were tested as the components of the BGE. The success of the simultaneous separation of the cations and anions is dependent upon the proper selection of the electrolyte components and control of the migration of the ions towards the detector. High pH is beneficial to the detection of anionic analytes but not to the separation of cationic analytes because of large electroosmotic flow produced under this condition. The upper pH limit of the working pH range is confined by the pKa value of the cationic component of the BGE. The influence of pH and total electrolyte concentration on the electroosmatic flow (EOF) counteracted each other. This counteraction effect imposes an upper limit on the change of total electrolyte concentration at certain pH. It was found that the EOF should be larger by at least 10 x 10(-5) cm2V(-1)s(-1) than the electrophoretic mobilities of the anions so that the anions could be detected on the cathodic side within reasonable times and with good peak shapes. In the imidazole-sulfosalicylic acid BGE, the detection limits (signal to noise, S/N = 3) for the cations and anions ranged from 100 to 900 ppb. In the benzylamine-pyromellitic acid BGE, K+, Na+, Li+, CH3 COO-, HPO4(2-), F-, ClO3-, ClO4-, NO3-, NO2-, Cl- and SO4(2-) were separated within twelve minutes. The strategies for selection of the electrolyte components of the binary BGE were also discussed.

Topics: Acetic Acid; Anions; Benzenesulfonates; Benzoates; Benzylamines; Cations; Electricity; Electrolytes; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Imidazoles; Salicylates; Ultraviolet Rays

Screening for microalbuminuria is increasingly advocated as a way to diagnose early renal involvement in diabetes and other diseases. It usually entails the use of a radioimmunoassay that is expensive and not always readily available.. To assess the efficacy of three simple and inexpensive tests for ruling out microalbuminuria.. Cross-sectional study.. Outpatient clinics.. 221 patients from primary care clinics and a diabetes clinic.. Random urine specimens were tested for albumin by using Micral-Test immunoassay strips (Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany) and for protein by using sulfosalicylic acid testing and impregnated dipsticks (Chemstrips, Boehringer Mannheim). Radioimmunoassay for albumin was used for all specimens as standard for comparison.. When less than 20 mg/L was considered the upper limit of normal for albumin concentration, Micral-Test, sulfosalicylic acid testing, and Chemstrips had negative predictive values of 99%, 95%, and 96%, respectively. Seventy-four specimens tested negative on both sulfosalicylic acid and Chemstrips; the negative predictive value of these two tests combined was 99%.. The combination of sulfosalicylic acid testing and Chemistrips was as good as and less expensive than Micral-Test in ruling out microalbuminuria.

Topics: Albuminuria; Benzenesulfonates; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; False Positive Reactions; Humans; Immunoassay; Mass Screening; Predictive Value of Tests; Reagent Strips; Salicylates

Amino acid concentrations ([AA]) were determined in cortical, outer and inner medullary (OM and IM), and papillary tissue of rat kidney (Cti, mmol/kg wet wt), in plasma (Cpl), and in urine. In all regions, Cti values were highest for Tau, Gly, and Glu-, making up 54-65% of the total [AA]:27, 21, and 11 mmol/kg wet wt in cortex, OM, and IM and papilla, respectively. Cortical cell water [AA] values (CcH2O, mmol/kgH2O) were between 12.4 (Tau) and 0.09 (Orn+), representing cell water-to-plasma water ratios (CcH2O/CpH2O) between 134 (Asp-) and 0.9 (Thr and Cit). Short-term water diuresis did not change the total tissue [AA] throughout the kidney. Treatment of the tissue with Triton X-100 instead of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) resulted in much higher [AA], except for Glu-, Glu-NH2, Tau, and exogenous L-homoarginine+ (hoArg+). When hoArg+ was infused (leading to a Cpl = 5.9 mmol/l), Cti of hoArg+ was similar throughout the kidney (13-22 mmol/kg wet wt). In the presence of hoArg+, CcH2O/CpH2O of Arg+ rose 13-fold. We conclude that 1) AA contribute 20% to cytosolic osmolality in renal cortex, 2) total [AA] decreases from cortex to papilla, 3) cellular uptake of Tau and anionic AA must be rheogenic, whereas cationic AA (except for Arg+ in cortex) are passively distributed, and 4) AA do not seem to contribute quantitatively to short-term medullary osmotic adaptation during diuresis.

Topics: Absorption; Amino Acids; Animals; Anions; Benzenesulfonates; Cations; Diuresis; Homoarginine; Kidney; Male; Octoxynol; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Salicylates; Tissue Distribution

A reproducible, rapid procedure for the determination of glutathione in human blood by micellar electrokinetic chromatography has been developed. Whole blood samples were deproteinized with 5% w/v sulfosalicylic acid (final concentration). After centrifugation, the supernatant was directly injected for analysis, without further derivatization. Separations were performed by using an uncoated capillary of 30 cm effective length and 50 microns internal diameter (ID), 50 mM Tris-HCl, 30 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), pH 7.00, as running buffer, and 10-20 kV. On-line detection was carried out at 214 nm and a detection limit in the range of femtomoles was achieved. Under the same experimental conditions, we resolved a mixed standard solution containing glutathione in its oxidize and reduced forms, lipoamide and alpha-lipoic acid. The corresponding migration times were reproducible. The present method allows rapid determination of these compounds, which play a critical role in oxidative stress, in cellular defense against injurious agents and whose levels are related to the toxicology and metabolism of several toxins and drugs, such as antineoplastic agents.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Chromatography; Electrochemistry; Glutathione; Humans; Kinetics; Micelles; Oxidation-Reduction; Salicylates; Thioctic Acid

Pretreatment of human serum with 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) as used in the Abbott TDx digoxin assay produces deglycosylated congeners of digoxin (DIG) and of endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive factor (DLIF). Using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, we observed differences in the degree and pattern of DIG breakdown products among five patients. The aglycone digoxigenin was the major product in several samples. Smaller amounts of the bis- and mono-digitoxosides and unidentified products less polar than DIG were sometimes present. Treatment of DLIF-containing plasma with SSA produced similar patterns of DLIF-breakdown products. Incubation of normal plasma containing DIG with SSA for up to 30 min caused little change in measured DIG by TDx and radioimmunoassay (RIA) but decreased to 50% in the ACS DIG assay. These results are consistent with the near 100% cross-reactivities of deglycosylated DIG congeners in the TDx and RIA assays compared to their lower cross-reactivities in the ACS assay. We conclude that the breakdown of DIG and DLIF during treatment of serum with SSA may compromise the accuracy of TDx DIG assays and may explain discrepancies observed in other studies between digoxin immunoassays. This study underscores the importance of understanding the effects of pretreatment strategies used for analytes measured by immunoassay.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Blood Proteins; Cardenolides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cross Reactions; Digoxin; Humans; Immunoassay; In Vitro Techniques; Salicylates; Saponins; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Time Factors

Topics: Amino Acids; Benzenesulfonates; Drug Stability; Filtration; Freezing; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Salicylates; Time Factors

Screening for proteinuria is widely recommended in the monitoring of pregnancy in order to detect preeclampsia. The method often used in primary health care centers (urine heated with acetic acid) has often attained results of over 50% positive cases. This result indicates a considerable lack of specificity outside highly endemic, for urinary schistosomiasis areas. The sulfosalicylic acid test (SSA) represents a simple, reliable and inexpensive alternative. In order to validade this procedure in the conditions of a primary mother and child health (MCH) center, results of the SSA method were compared with standard commercial strip tests a. in a well equipped Swiss laboratory, b. in a school setting in Northern Cameroon. The proportion of agreement between the two methods was 82% (CI 66-98) and 90% (CI 83-96) respectively. The relatively easy implementation of the SSA test in a MCH center in an urban area in Southern Mali lead to results more compatible with what was expected epidemiologically (less than 5% from positive to highly positive results). This experiment confirms that the SSA technique is a simple method, easy to demonstrate and implement, as well as inexpensive. Consequences for monitoring of pregnancies in such conditions are finally discussed.

Topics: Allied Health Personnel; Benzenesulfonates; Cameroon; Female; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Mali; Maternal-Child Health Centers; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Primary Health Care; Proteinuria; Salicylates; Sensitivity and Specificity

The antileukaemic efficacy of L-asparaginase is related to the ability of the enzyme to induce the complete disappearance from plasma of L-asparagine, an amino acid essential to lymphoblastic leukaemia cells. It is not feasible to monitor L-asparagine plasma levels in patients under L-asparaginase treatment using the usual analytical procedures as the enzyme continues the hydrolysis of L-asparagine after blood sampling and during plasma extraction. A method was therefore developed for the determination of L-asparagine in patients receiving L-asparaginase. Sulphosalicylic acid is added to blood samples to deproteinize and inactivate L-asparaginase rapidly. The samples are then analysed by HPLC using a Novapack C18 column and fluorescence detection. With the same method L-asparagine is determined in blood cells and, by difference, plasma levels are calculated. This method is highly specific and sufficiently simple and sensitive for clinical use.

Topics: Asparaginase; Asparagine; Benzenesulfonates; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Erwinia; Erythrocytes; Freezing; Humans; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Quality Control; Salicylates; Sensitivity and Specificity

We use oxalate oxidase from barley seedlings for the colorimetric determination of oxalate in plasma. The oxalate is converted to hydrogen peroxide, which, in the presence of peroxidase, is detected by a Trinder-like chromogenic system. Optimization of the assay, including deproteinization and elimination of interferences from reducing substrates, is described. Ascorbate additions (200 mumol/L) did not affect oxalate concentration in plasma, even after long frozen storage. Mean analytical recovery of oxalate averaged 102% +/- 6.9%, imprecision (CV) at 2.0 mumol/L was 7.2%, and the lower limit of quantification (CV = 20%) was 0.6 mumol/L. Results correlated well with those by chromatography (r = 0.999, Sy/x = 0.29 mumol/L, n = 32, range for x, y = 0-140 mumol/L). Plasma oxalate concentrations measured in 32 healthy subjects ranged from 0.6 to 2.9 mumol/L (mean 1.28, SD 0.71 mumol/L), which agrees with those measurable by using indirect radioisotopic dilution methods. Patients with primary hyperoxaluria and chronic renal failure exhibited markedly greater plasma concentrations of oxalate.

Topics: Adolescent; Adsorption; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Benzenesulfonates; Blood Proteins; Charcoal; Child; Chromogenic Compounds; Colorimetry; Drug Stability; Female; Freezing; Hordeum; Humans; Hyperoxaluria; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Oxalates; Oxalic Acid; Oxidoreductases; Quality Control; Reference Values; Salicylates; Sensitivity and Specificity

Topics: Agriculture; Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Hygiene; Lethal Dose 50; Maximum Allowable Concentration; Methenamine; Mice; Rabbits; Rats; Salicylates; Water Pollution, Chemical

There is little consistency in the literature regarding the procedures for sample preparation employed for the measurement of glutathione (GSH) in biological tissues. Most procedures use an acid to homogenize tissue samples to precipitate proteins from the mixture and to minimize oxidative changes. Others employ 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) in the homogenization, which serves only to block thiol groups. The present studies were undertaken to critically compare the two methods of sample preparation on resulting GSH values determined by the Tietze method in numerous organs of mice. It was found that kidney, liver, and pancreas GSH levels were seriously underestimated when DTNB was used instead of acid to prepare the tissue samples. This discrepancy was eliminated when the animals were pretreated with AT-125, confirming the participation of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, the enzyme responsible for the first step in the degradation of GSH. GSH added to kidney homogenates in DTNB was degraded rapidly and continuously in a time-dependent fashion. In contrast, GSH added to acid homogenates produced stable GSH values up to 8 h after sample preparation in most cases. Storage of acid homogenates at -70 degrees C for 12 months gave results identical to original measurements, within 10% error, for 9 of 10 samples tested.

Topics: Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Dithionitrobenzoic Acid; Drug Stability; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Glutathione; Kidney; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Organ Preservation; Salicylates; Temperature; Time Factors; Urinary Bladder

We determined total blood protein (TBP) and total urine protein (TUP) in healthy subjects and urolithiasis (UL) patients with renal calculi of different chemical composition: phosphate (CaP), oxalate (CaOx) and urate (HUr). We discussed the peculiarities of TBP and TUP distribution curves obtained and showed that the data on TBP and TUP do not make it possible to reliably single out patients with UL or determine the chemical composition of calculi in their kidneys. However, it was established that the comparison of TUP measurement results for UL patients using the Ponseau-S and sulfosalicylic acid methods makes it possible to reliably separate patients with Ca-containing calculi (CaP and CaOx) from those with HUr calculi. The explanation to this phenomenon using the data on the fractional composition of TUP and the organic matrix of those patients' calculi is given.

Topics: Azo Compounds; Benzenesulfonates; Blood Proteins; Coloring Agents; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Oxalates; Phosphates; Proteinuria; Salicylates; Solvents; Uric Acid

A HPLC method is developed for the determination of glutathione isopropyl ester, a drug for the treatment of cerebral vascular disease, in rat, dog and human blood. The blood is deproteinized with sulphosalicylic acid and the clear supernatant treated with a thiol-specific fluorogenic reagent, ammonium 7-fluorobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-4-sulphonate (SBD-F) in borate buffer pH 7.5 at 30 degrees C. The derivatization of glutathione isopropyl ester with SBD-F is markedly enhanced by the addition of dimethyl sulphoxide, and is complete in 30 min. The fluorescent derivatives of glutathione isopropyl ester and the internal standard, glutathione ethyl ester are separated from those of endogenous thiols such as cysteine and glutathione on a reversed-phase column. The method is simple and selective with a detection limit of 0.05 micrograms ml-1. Blood concentrations of glutathione isopropyl ester in rats, dogs and humans after intravenous administration are determined using the method.

Topics: Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dogs; Fluorescent Dyes; Fluorobenzenes; Glutathione; Humans; Rats; Reproducibility of Results; Salicylates; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Fluorescence

During the year 1974, urinary beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2mu) was measured at monthly intervals using the first-morning urine sample of randomly selected individuals from the BEN affected village of Petka (416 persons) and from the nearby situated control village of Stubica (216 persons). Initial compliance was complete; over 90% of villagers had at least 10 tests performed. beta 2mu, as assessed by radial immunodiffusion (RID), was repeatedly (at least twice) positive in 12% and 1.4% of the populations of the endemic and control villages, respectively. Over the 15 years of follow-up (1974 to 1988), none from the control village developed BEN, while many medical records of the cohort exposed to BEN contained data suggestive of BEN. Death from/with BEN was used as a measure of outcome. Incidence density of 12 was 3.3 per 1000 person/years of observation (19/5723). A single positive beta 2mu test was a sensitive predictor of BEN death (sensitivity = 89.5%). Selecting two or more positive tests as the cut-off point, the specificity and positive predictive value were considerably increased. Using the sulfosalicylic acid test for detection of significant proteinuria, a similar level of validity indices was reached only by four testings.

Topics: Aged; Balkan Nephropathy; Benzenesulfonates; beta 2-Microglobulin; Cohort Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Salicylates; Yugoslavia

The diagnosis of BEN and its differentiation from other chronic interstitial nephropathies are difficult because of the insidious onset as well as nonspecific morphological changes in the kidney. Early diagnosis of this disease is by clinical and laboratory findings which have not been universally accepted. This study was designed to determine if the frequency of increased urinary beta 2-microglobulin (U beta 2m) in village populations at risk to develop BEN was significantly higher than that seen in a control population. Individuals in the two population samples were classified in one of three categories: healthy, suspect or diseased. There were 23 individuals who met the criteria for the clinical diagnosis of BEN. Twenty (87%) of these had one or more positive tests for increased U beta 2m. The prevalence of kidney disease in the endemic village population sample was 13.4 times that for the control village population sample. The data show that the healthy individuals living in a village where BEN is endemic have 6.4 times greater chance of having tubular proteinuria than those living in a control area. The coincidence of the finding of U beta 2m in the urine of 87% of those sick with BEN and in 37 of the 342 (10.8%) people judged to be free of kidney disease suggests that a positive U beta 2m test is an early indicator of exposure to a nephrotoxic agent.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Balkan Nephropathy; Benzenesulfonates; beta 2-Microglobulin; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Salicylates; Yugoslavia

Pre-column derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde is a rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of amino acids in biological fluids. This method uses acetonitrile as a deproteinizing reagent which gives improved recovery of tryptophan compared with 5-sulfosalicylic acid and permits the measurement of aspartic acid which coelutes with 5-sulfosalicylic acid. The method is automated to increase reproducibility and convenience. Mean coefficients of variation for peak areas relative to internal standard were 3.2 and 5.2% for amino acid standards and plasma samples, respectively. The presence of nitrilotriacetic acid stabilized the o-phthaldialdehyde reagent which is important in an automated system. The method is suitable for the analysis of large numbers of plasma samples where total tryptophan and aspartic acid are of interest.

Topics: Acetonitriles; Amino Acids; Autoanalysis; Benzenesulfonates; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Nitrilotriacetic Acid; o-Phthalaldehyde; Reference Values; Salicylates; Serum Albumin; Trichloroacetic Acid; Tryptophan

We assessed the reproducibility, recovery, and stability of several circulating metabolites--glucose, pyruvate, lactate, alanine, glutamate, glutamine, 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and glycerol--in the presence of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA), which was used to deproteinize blood. The assays, which involved reactions linked to NADH/NAD+, were carried out at 37 degrees C and measured at 355 nm with a Cobas-Bio centrifugal analyzer. The intra- and interbatch CVs were less than 2.1%, except for the interbatch CV for 3-hydroxybutyrate at low concentration (15-30 mumol/L), which was 5.4%. Analytical recovery of metabolites added to blood ranged from 96.4% to 103.0%. Of the metabolites studied, all were stable at -20 degrees C for 90 days in the SSA-blood extract, except for glutamine and acetoacetate, which progressively decreased with time. We conclude that these nine circulating metabolites can be satisfactorily measured after a single deproteinizing step with SSA. This single-step procedure has several advantages over many of the currently used methods.

Topics: Amino Acids; Benzenesulfonates; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Proteins; Humans; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Reproducibility of Results; Salicylates

Precipitation test (modified Lavinson's test) was conducted in 125 cases of meningitis. Of these, 50 cases (proved cases of tuberculous meningitis) who served as positive controls showed positive response for the precipitation test in 96% and in 25 cases of negative control group (cases of meningitis other than TBM), it showed only 4% positivity. The remaining 50 cases of TBM where the cytological and biochemical findings were not in correlation with clinical diagnosis of TBM, showed 92% positivity for early diagnosis of TBM.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Chemical Precipitation; Child; Child, Preschool; Developing Countries; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Meningitis; Mercuric Chloride; Salicylates; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Blood Proteins; Chemical Precipitation; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cystine; Dialysis; Salicylates

Three side-room tests (latex bead immunoagglutination test, LBT; 25% sulphosalicylic acid test, SST; microalbutest, MAT) for the detection of microalbuminuria in diabetics are described and their screening potential and practicability assessed. One hundred insulin-dependent diabetics attending a diabetic clinic provided an early morning urine sample (Albustix-negative) which was subjected to each of the three tests, and urinary albumin concentration (UA) was assayed by RIA. Tests were assessed in random order by two trained operators using a semiquantitative grading scale with 100% concordance between 10 observers. All test results greater than or equal to trace +ve were sufficiently sensitive (sensitivity greater than or equal to 90%) in detecting UA greater than 15 mg/l, but MAT exhibited a significantly reduced specificity (69%) and positive predictive value (58%). For a reference UA greater than 30 mg/l, LBT and SST results greater than or equal to trace +ve and MAT results greater than or equal to +ve showed a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity greater than 85% and a positive predictive value greater than 60%. Reagent shelf-life was shortest with LBT. SST involved centrifugation or filtration. Technical skill required was highest with LBT and lowest with MAT. Costs were slightly higher with LBT than SST and were not available for MAT.

Topics: Albuminuria; Benzenesulfonates; Colorimetry; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Microchemistry; Salicylates

In this solid-phase competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in serum or urine, antiserum to human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein is incubated with solid-phase-bound alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in the presence of standard or sample. Incubation with second antibody labeled with alkaline phosphatase then follows, before development with substrate. Results obtained correlate well with a fluorescent assay involving the dye Auramine O (r = 0.953) and with radial immunodiffusion (r = 0.921). The present assay covers the range 0.2 to 5 mg/L and 16 samples take 2.5 h to complete. This assay is useful for measuring concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein in serum and also in urine, for which other assay methods are not sufficiently sensitive.

Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Benzenesulfonates; Benzophenoneidum; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Methods; Orosomucoid; Salicylates

Topics: Amino Acids; Benzenesulfonates; Edetic Acid; Humans; Salicylates; Ultracentrifugation; Ultrafiltration

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aerosols; Aged; Benzenesulfonates; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Salicylates; Solvents

Topics: Albuminuria; Autoanalysis; Benzenesulfonates; Globulins; Humans; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Salicylates; Trichloroacetic Acid

A naphthalene-2,6-disulfonic acid (2,6NDS)-degrading Moraxella strain was isolated from an industrial sewage plant. This culture could also be adapted to naphthalene-1,6-disulfonic acid as growth substrate. Regioselective 1,2-dioxygenation effected desulfonation and catabolism to 5-sulfosalicylic acid (5SS), which also could be used as the sole carbon source. 5SS-grown cells exhibited high gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase activity. Neither 5SS- nor gentisate-grown cells oxidized 2,6NDS; therefore, 2,6NDS or an early metabolite must serve as an inducer of the initial catabolic enzyme(s).

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Biodegradation, Environmental; Catalysis; Culture Media; Gentisates; Moraxella; Naphthalenesulfonates; Oxidation-Reduction; Salicylates; Sulfur

In aqueous solution, aspartame can cyclicize to form its corresponding diketopiperazine (3-carboxymethyl-6-benzyl-2,5-diketopiperazine; DKP) and methanol. We measured plasma and urinary concentrations of DKP in samples obtained from six normal adult subjects ingesting 2.2 mg DKP/kg body weight. The DKP was administered as part of a dose of 200 mg aspartame/kg body weight. DKP concentrations in plasma were below the detection limit (less than 1 microgram/ml) of the high-pressure liquid chromatographic method at each time interval after ingestion at which they were measured. Mean (+/- SD) total urinary DKP excreted during the first 24-hr period after dosing was 6.68 +/- 1.30 mg (4.83 +/- 0.23% of the ingested DKP dose). Approximately 44% of the total DKP excreted was excreted in the first 4 hr after dosing.

Topics: Adult; Aspartame; Benzenesulfonates; Biotransformation; Blood Proteins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dipeptides; Female; Humans; Male; Piperazines; Salicylates

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Dithionitrobenzoic Acid; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; Salicylates

Bis-(5-sulphosalicylato)-diaquo chelates of VO(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Fe(II) and Mn(II) exerted antifungal activities. The chelates have been characterised for elemental, thermal and infra-red spectral studies and were found to be more fungicidal than the chelating agent. The antifungal activity was found to be in the order: Cu(II) congruent to Ni(II) greater than Co(II) greater than Fe(II) greater than Mn(II) greater than VO(II).

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Aspergillus niger; Benzenesulfonates; Cobalt; Copper; Fungi; Iron Chelating Agents; Manganese; Metals; Mucorales; Nickel; Penicillium chrysogenum; Rhizopus; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Thermogravimetry; Vanadium

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Molecular Weight; Mucoproteins; Neoplasms; Salicylates; Solubility

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Benzethonium; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Humans; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Salicylates; Serum Albumin

One hundred and four patients with psoriasis, treated in regimen of Day Hospital, have been examined. The diagnosis was widespread plaque type psoriasis (67.3%), guttate psoriasis (18.3%) and nail psoriasis (1.0%). Furthermore psoriatic erythroderma has been observed in 2.9% and pustular psoriasis of Barber in 1.9%. 10% of the patients showed psoriatic arthritis. 71.2% of the patients have been successfully treated with UVB and PUVA irradiation therapy (respectively 86.6% and 70.0% of complete clearing or marked improvement). Etretinate and topical therapy were successful (respectively 67.0% and 70.0% of complete clearing or marked improvement). Day Hospital has proved to be the ideal regimen for the treatment and control of psoriatic patients.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Benzenesulfonates; Child; Child, Preschool; Coal Tar; Day Care, Medical; Etretinate; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ointments; Psoriasis; PUVA Therapy; Salicylates; Ultraviolet Therapy

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Chemical Precipitation; Digoxin; Humans; Salicylates; Trichloroacetic Acid

The present investigation was undertaken in order to elucidate the delayed reaction of Bence Jones proteins to sulfosalicylic acid. The author observed this interesting phenomenon in 2 of 32 untreated patients with multiple myeloma who excreted Bence Jones proteins. Their urine samples contained a large amount of Bence Jones proteins with alpha 2 mobility on electrophoresis, which is rarely encountered in urinary Bence Jones proteins. The delayed reaction may be linked, in part at least, to the chemical properties of Bence Jones proteins responsible for alpha 2 mobility.

Topics: Aged; Bence Jones Protein; Benzenesulfonates; False Negative Reactions; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Myeloma; Salicylates; Time Factors

Treatment of human serum with DEAE-cellulose in acid conditions almost completely removed alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AG) with little change in the concentration of albumin and beta-lipoprotein, while treatment with sulphosalicylic acid removed almost all the proteins except alpha 1-AG. The binding of various drugs to serum treated as above was measured by equilibrium dialysis and the contribution of alpha 1-AG to drug binding by human serum was assessed. Sulphosalicylic acid-treated serum exhibited a saturable binding for propranolol, which was considered to be due to the binding to alpha 1-AG while DEAE-cellulose-treated serum mostly exhibited non-saturable binding, for which albumin and beta-lipoprotein may be responsible. With this treated serum, alpha 1-AG was estimated to contribute approximately 40% to the binding of therapeutic concentrations of propranolol, 15% to that of imipramine and 15-20% to that of desipramine, respectively, in serum samples pooled from healthy adults. However, no contribution of alpha 1-AG was observed in the binding of salicylic acid to the serum. Dissociation constants of the propranolol binding to the high affinity site in control serum, sulphosalicylic acid-treated serum and purified alpha 1-AG showed similar values (3.7-6.7 microM). These results suggest that treatment of serum with sulphosalicylic acid and DEAE cellulose is useful in assessing the contribution of alpha 1-AG to the serum binding of basic drugs.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Blood Proteins; Buffers; Cellulose; DEAE-Cellulose; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Orosomucoid; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Propranolol; Protein Binding; Salicylates; Temperature; Ultrafiltration

A simple method for the estimation of PPi in urine is described. The PPi and Pi may be determined simultaneously by this method.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Colorimetry; Diphosphates; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Kinetics; Salicylates

Topics: Aged; Benzenesulfonates; False Negative Reactions; Humans; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; Immunoglobulin Light Chains; Male; Multiple Myeloma; Proteinuria; Salicylates

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Bromphenol Blue; Cephalosporins; Humans; Proteinuria; Salicylates

Deficiency of the trace element selenium causes disease in domestic animals and may also be implicated in the pathogenesis of some human illness. In this study, the triple-lumen perfusion method was used to measure the rate of absorption of trace quantities of selenium (50 micrograms/liter in a physiological electrolyte solution) from the jejunum when given as D,L-selenomethione, D,L-selenocystine, or sodium selenite to healthy dogs in vivo. Selenium absorption from the test segment (expressed as percent administered dose per centimeter +/- SEM) was 1.97 +/- 0.04 from D,L-selenomethionine, 1.15 +/- 0.06 from D,L-selenocystine, and 0.51 +/- 0.07 from sodium selenite (P less than 0.01, N = 5). In separate studies in four anesthetized dogs, the jejunum was perfused with L-[75Se] selenomethionine while concentrations of 75Se were measured in the portal venous blood; these studies established that [75Se]selenomethionine disappearing from the gut lumen corresponded quantitatively to 75Se appearing in the portal venous effluent (74 +/- 6%) and incorporated into intestinal tissue (24 +/- 5%). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the absorption of amino acid-bound selenium is accelerated by the specific amino acid active transport mechanisms in the gut mucosa. Sodium selenite is absorbed more slowly, possibly by simple diffusion through the intestinal mucosa, than the amino acid-bound selenium compounds.

Topics: Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Cystine; Dogs; Female; Femoral Artery; Intestinal Absorption; Jejunum; Male; Organ Size; Organoselenium Compounds; Salicylates; Selenious Acid; Selenium; Selenomethionine; Splanchnic Circulation

In simultaneous assays of urinary proteins by the Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 (CBB) and the sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) methods, we noticed that about 18% of samples showed about twice higher protein values by the former method than by the latter. Some urinary proteins are soluble in SSA and react with CBB. Examinations with sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that these proteins migrated in 13 protein bands having relative molecular masses ranging from 15 000 to 230 000. The protein corresponding to the most intensely stained band in urine samples from the patients studied (with malignant tumors, renal disorders, etc.) had an Mr of 45 000; that in the pattern for healthy subjects had an Mr of 94 000. The former was identified as alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, the latter as Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; False Positive Reactions; Humans; Molecular Weight; Mucoproteins; Orosomucoid; Proteinuria; Rosaniline Dyes; Salicylates; Uromodulin

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Centrifugation; Chemical Precipitation; False Positive Reactions; Filtration; Humans; Microchemistry; Proteinuria; Salicylates

The differences of the non-precipitable N-quota in blood plasma, liver, intestine, and muscles after treatment with various precipitants reveal data on the height of protein precipitation in the corresponding body fraction. Organs of hens treated with picric acid (1%), trichloroacetic acid (10%), and sulphosalicylic acid were used for the protein precipitation. Because of contradictory literature data as to the most suitable concentration of sulphosalicylic acid a preliminary determination of the most favourable acid concentration was necessary. The application of a 5% solution of sulphosalicylic acid gave the highest precipitation rate depending on the analyzed organs. In the succession picric acid, trichloroacetic acid, and sulphosalicylic acid nitrogen increases in the soluble supernatant. Furthermore, dependences of the protein precipitation on the kind of the analyzed organs were indicated.

Topics: Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Blood Proteins; Chickens; Female; Intestinal Mucosa; Liver; Muscles; Picrates; Proteins; Salicylates; Trichloroacetic Acid

Topics: Adolescent; Benzenesulfonates; Benzidines; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Paper; Hematuria; Humans; Proteinuria; Salicylates

The limits of determination of Gc subtypes in bloodstains were compared between the immunofixation method and the sulfosalicylic acid precipitation method using isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel. By the immunofixation method Gc subtyping in bloodstains was successfully made at 37 degrees C after 7 weeks, at room temperature after 17 weeks and at 4 degrees C even after 25 weeks storage. By the sulfosalicylic method Gc subtypes were no longer able to be determined a few weeks after stain formation. The superiority of the results obtained by the immunofixation method makes it the recommended method for the Gc subtyping from bloodstains in medicolegal practice.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; Blood Stains; Forensic Medicine; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Isoelectric Focusing; Phenotype; Salicylates; Vitamin D-Binding Protein

A rapid and simple procedure is described for the determination of 4-aminobutyric acid in human CSF. The o-phthaldialdehyde derivative of 4-aminobutyric acid is analysed with a slightly modified commercially available Amino Acid Analyser. We investigated the sample preparation with special emphasis on the sulphosalicylic acid-induced hydrolysis of 4-aminobutyric acid containing compounds in human liquor. Our experiments demonstrate that the amount of estimated 4-aminobutyric acid depends considerably on the sulphosalicylic acid concentration used for protein precipitation. Application of ultrafiltration instead of sulphosalicylic acid precipitation resulted in markedly decreased 4-aminobutyric acid values. By first using ultrafiltration and by minimizing the time between lumbar puncture and analysis, it was shown that protein precipitation with a concentration of sulphosalicylic acid as low as 5 g/l gives 4-aminobutyric acid values in CSF that are essentially correct.

Topics: Amino Acids; Autoanalysis; Benzenesulfonates; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Salicylates; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Ultrafiltration

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Female; Humans; Male; Mucoproteins; Neoplasms; Reference Values; Salicylates; Solubility

Proteinuria may be the initial manifestation of serious renal disease or merely a laboratory finding of little clinical importance. Excretion of urinary protein in excess of 150 mg per 24 hours in an adult is abnormal. It may be of glomerular, tubular or overflow origin. A comparison of the dipstick and sulfosalicylic acid techniques helps distinguish the source of protein, and electrophoresis is confirmatory. Transient and intermittent proteinuria are not clinically important. Persistent proteinuria requires further investigation.

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Child; Edema; Electrophoresis; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney Diseases; Methods; Proteinuria; Salicylates; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Recently established standardized protocols for collection, handling, and storage of CSF for measurement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have proven valuable in the characterization of various CNS disorders. In response to two recent reports which may have an impact on certain widely used protocols, we have, using the confirmed ion-exchange/fluorometric procedure, systematically evaluated the effects of deproteinization with various concentrations of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) ranging from 0 to 10% (100 mg/ml), as well as the effects of freeze/thaw (F/T) on CSF GABA levels. Results of F/T studies documented that levels are stable to freezing and thawing. Acid deproteinization studies revealed the presence of an equilibrium between strictly free GABA, demonstrable only in acid-free CSF, and a very loosely bound form of GABA, fully demonstrable only in CSF deproteinized with concentrations of SSA above 1% (10 mg/ml). The relationship between GABA concentrations in undeproteinized and acid-deproteinized CSF revealed a highly significant (p less than .001) correlation, suggesting that alterations of central GABAergic activity would be reflected by either the level of strictly free GABA or free plus loosely bound GABA. This hypothesis was upheld in studies of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), two neurologic disorders in which dysfunctions of the GABA system have been implicated. Results indicated that CSF GABA levels are significantly reduced in both PD and HD patients compared with neurologically normal controls, whether the measurement is of free GABA or free plus loosely bound GABA. Thus, we conclude that the level of strictly free GABA is stable to freezing and thawing and can only be accurately determined in nonacidified CSF; however, existing protocols employing deproteinization in 5% SSA yield data that provide an equally good reflection of central GABAergic transmission.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Benzenesulfonates; Drug Stability; Female; Freezing; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Huntington Disease; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson Disease; Salicylates; Specimen Handling

The inhibitory effect of fructose 2,6-biphosphate on fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase was reinvestigated in order to solve the apparent contradiction between competition with the substrate and the synergism with AMP, a strictly noncompetitive inhibitor. The effect of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate was compared to that of other ligands of the enzyme, which, like the substrate and methyl (alpha + beta)fructofuranoside 1,6-bisphosphate bind to the active site or which, like AMP, bind to an allosteric site. An increase in temperature or pH, or the presence of sulfosalicylate, lithium or higher concentrations of magnesium as well as partial proteolysis by subtilisin increased [I]0.5 for fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and AMP without affecting Km. With the exception of the pH change, all these conditions were also without effect on the affinity of the enzyme for the competitive inhibitor, methyl (alpha + beta)fructofuranoside 1,6-bisphosphate. These observations can be explained by assuming that fructose 2,6-bisphosphate has no affinity for the active site of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase but binds to an allosteric site which is different from the AMP site. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is therefore classified as an allosteric competitive inhibitor and a model is proposed which explains its synergism with AMP as well as the various cooperative effects.

Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Binding Sites; Fructose-Bisphosphatase; Fructosediphosphates; Hexosediphosphates; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lithium; Liver; Magnesium; Rats; Salicylates; Temperature

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Humans; Lasers; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Proteinuria; Salicylates; Solvents; Spectrophotometry; Sulfates

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Colorimetry; Humans; Mucoproteins; Rosaniline Dyes; Salicylates; Solubility

We have tested the characteristics of the method of Iwata and Nishikaze (Clin Chem 25: 1317, 1979). The linearity, sensitivity, and precision are satisfactory and the reactivity of benzethonium chloride with various proteins (albumin, immunoglobulins) is the same. The method has been compared with Meulemans's technique (Clin Chim Acta 5: 757, 1960), routinely used in our laboratories, by analysis of 82 samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 119 samples of urine. Our results for cerebrospinal fluid agree well with those of Iwata and Nishikaze (r = 0.976; y = 0.992x - 0.013), but we find their method unsuitable for urinary protein determination, probably because of interfering compounds in urine.

Topics: Albumins; Benzenesulfonates; Benzethonium; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Proteins; Proteinuria; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Creatinine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methods; Microchemistry; Paper; Picrates; Salicylates; Sodium Hydroxide

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Humans; Methods; Molecular Weight; Proteinuria; Rosaniline Dyes; Salicylates

The study consists in adapting three methods allowing estimation of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and urine on a centrifugal analyser. Colorimetric technic with coomassie blue and turbidimetric technics with trichloracetic and sulfosalicylic acids are compared by statistic methods.

Topics: Autoanalysis; Benzenesulfonates; Centrifugation; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Humans; Proteinuria; Rosaniline Dyes; Salicylates; Trichloroacetic Acid

Our examination of urine components separated by gel filtration revealed the presence of an inhibitor that decreases the analytical recovery of protein in a turbidimetric assay involving sulfosalicylic acid as reagent (Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 92: 748, 1956). The apparent relative molecular mass of this inhibitor was in the range 160 000-240 000. A study with purified proteins showed a similar inhibition by gamma-globulin, glycoprotein, and beta-lipoprotein in the assay of albumin by the same turbidimetric method. In contrast, measurement of protein by a dye binding method was not affected by these materials. The low values for apparent urinary protein given by the turbidimetric method as compared with those by the dye-binding method are at least partly ascribable to the inhibitor.

Topics: Albuminuria; Benzenesulfonates; Chromatography, Gel; Humans; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Proteinuria; Rosaniline Dyes; Salicylates; Urine

Topics: Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Blood Proteins; Cats; Chemical Precipitation; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Diet; Methods; Retinal Degeneration; Salicylates; Taurine

Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Benzenesulfonates; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Polarography; Reference Values; Salicylates; Sex Factors; Sulfhydryl Compounds

A method is described for determination of acetaldehyde in blood by head space gas chromatography. The method utilizes sodium nitrite-sulfosalicylic acid as an inhibitor of the ethanol oxidizing systems by means of which the interference of ethanol is reduced considerably. The detection limit was 0.4 mumol/l, the recovery 101.5 +/- 5.2% and the coefficient of variation was 7.8% (1.5 mumol/1 acetaldehyde). There was no disappearance of acetaldehyde if the head space vials were kept at -20 degree C for 24 h. In the comparison study with the semicarbazide method our results were 0.7-4.1 mumol/l lower. The values for acetaldehyde in blood after ethanol ingestion (0.5 g/kg) by volunteers were 0.5-1.3 mumol/l.

Topics: Acetaldehyde; Benzenesulfonates; Blood Gas Analysis; Chromatography, Gas; Ethanol; Humans; Salicylates; Semicarbazides; Sodium Nitrite

Topics: Administration, Topical; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Benzenesulfonates; Ointments; Salicylates; Samarium; Solutions

Transverse cryostat sections of skeletal muscle were fixed in a solution containing 1.5% glutaraldehyde and 1.5% sulfosalicylic acid and stained in a solution containing equal volumes of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 50% ethanol saturated with o-tolidine. Myoglobin in the sarcoplasm of muscle fibers was precipitated and stained blue. Applicability of this method to cryostat sections, without glutaraldehyde fixations prior to freezing, allowed the myoglobin content of individual muscle fibers to be correlated with other histochemical characteristics of the same fibers seen in serial sections. In the dark red bovine sternomandibularis muscle, fibers with weak adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and strong succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity always exhibited strong myoglobin staining. An equal degree of staining was found in many fibers with strong ATPase and intermediate to strong SDH activity. Fibers with strong ATPase and weak SDH activity were less strongly stained than the preceding types.

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Chemical Precipitation; Frozen Sections; Male; Methods; Muscles; Myoglobin; Salicylates; Staining and Labeling; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Swine

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Chromatography; Humans; Immunoelectrophoresis; Polysaccharides; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Proteins; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chromatography; Microchemistry; Mucoproteins; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Sulfates

Topics: Ascites; Benzenesulfonates; Blood Proteins; Mucoproteins; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Research; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Blood; Blood Proteins; Chromatography; Chromatography, Gel; Hexosamines; Immunoelectrophoresis; Mucoproteins; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Rats; Research; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Blood Proteins; Immunoelectrophoresis; Neoplasms; Proteins; Research; Salicylates; Serum

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Proteins; Chromatography; Mucoproteins; Neoplasms; Research; Salicylates

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Proteinuria; Salicylates

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Coloring Agents; Histological Techniques; Salicylates; Salicylic Acid; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Electrophoresis; Proteins; Research; Salicylates; Urine

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Humans; Liver Diseases; Liver Function Tests; Salicylates

Topics: Aldehydes; Benzenesulfonates; Carbohydrates; Fluorescence; Ketoses; Monosaccharides; Salicylates

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Glycoproteins; Regeneration; Salicylates; Tannins

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Humans; Salicylates; Trichloroacetic Acid

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Hepatitis A; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Salicylates

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Cholesterol; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Salicylates; Sulfonic Acids

Topics: Albumins; Benzenesulfonates; Humans; Salicylates; Skin Diseases; Urinalysis

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Humans; Proteinuria; Salicylates; Urinalysis

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Blood Proteins; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Salicylates

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Liver Function Tests; Rheumatic Diseases; Salicylates

Topics: Animals; Benzenesulfonates; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Salicylates; Trypanosomiasis; Trypanosomiasis, African

Topics: Albuminuria; Benzenesulfonates; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Naphthalenes; Peptides; Salicylates

Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Benzenesulfonates; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Ferrocyanides; Humans; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; Salicylates; Trichloroacetic Acid

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Escherichia coli; Humans; Salicylates; Sulfanilamide; Sulfanilamides; Sulfonamides

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Iron; Salicylates

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry; Uranium

Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Copper; Salicylates; Spectrophotometry