salicylates and nitazoxanide

As one of the most prevalent infections globally, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) continues to present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians worldwide. Diagnostically, the "test-and-treat" strategy is the recommended approach for healthcare practitioners when managing this potentially curable disease. The choice of testing method should be based on several factors including patient age, presenting symptoms, and medication use, as well as test reliability, availability, and cost. With rising antibiotic resistance, particularly of macrolides, care must be taken to ensure that therapy is selected based on regional resistance patterns and prior antibiotic exposure. In the USA, macrolide antibiotic resistance rates in some areas have reached or exceeded a generally accepted threshold, such that clarithromycin triple therapy may no longer be an appropriate first-line empiric treatment. Instead, bismuth quadruple therapy should be considered, while levofloxacin-based or alternative macrolide-containing therapies are also options. Once treated, it is essential to test for eradication as untreated H. pylori is associated with serious complications including peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric cancer. This review article aims to consolidate current knowledge of H. pylori infection with a particular emphasis on diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Topics: Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Biopsy; Bismuth; Breath Tests; Clarithromycin; Culture Techniques; Doxycycline; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Therapy, Combination; Dyspepsia; Feces; Gastroscopy; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Levofloxacin; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone; Metronidazole; Nitro Compounds; Organometallic Compounds; Peptic Ulcer; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Rifabutin; Salicylates; Salvage Therapy; Serologic Tests; Stomach Neoplasms; Tetracycline; Thiazoles; Treatment Outcome; Urea

Cryptosporidium is a worldwide waterborne parasite and the treatment is a severe problem in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we used the in vitro culture system to evaluate the anti-Cryptosporidium activity of ginkgolic acids (GAs), nitazoxanide (NTZ), garlicin (GAR), and artemether (ART). The growth of Cryptosporidium andersoni in HCT-8 cells was determined by real-time PCR assay. When exposed to 5.00 μg/ml GAs or 10.00 μg/ml NTZ for 48 h, the number of C. andersoni in cultures was on a very low lever, but the number of parasites did not significantly decrease when exposed to GAR and ART. Our results indicate that GAs could be a potential drug for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis.

Topics: Allyl Compounds; Antiprotozoal Agents; Artemether; Artemisinins; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cryptosporidium; Disulfides; Humans; Nitro Compounds; Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; Salicylates; Thiazoles