salicylates and ferulic-acid

A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode-array spectrophotometry and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS) method for separation and determination of phenolic acids in ethyl acetate extracts from Chinese waxberry (Myrica Rubra) juice was developed. Total of 4 phenolic acids (ferulic, caffeic, sinapic, and salicylic acids) were identified by comparing their HPLC retention times, UV-Vis absorption spectra, and simultaneously recorded mass spectra with authentic standards. Quantitation was carried out by the peak area method. The calibration curves are linear over the concentration range studied with the correlation coefficients, R(2), greater than 0.99. The contents of ferulic, caffeic, sinapic, and salicylic acids in waxberry juice samples studied were 2.76, 3.58, 2.89, and 1.92 mg/L, respectively, and they occur mainly in bound forms. All relative standard deviations were less than 4%. The recoveries range from 83.6% to 95.8% for the 4 analytes. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first report for the identification of the sinapic and salicylic acids in Chinese waxberry products.

Topics: Beverages; Caffeic Acids; Calibration; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Myrica; Salicylates; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Phenolic monomers identified in common roughages were included in diets fed to rats both as mixtures, to mimic phenolic composition of roughages, and individually at various levels. Three performance and digestion/metabolism trials were conducted. Dry matter, protein, total carbohydrate, cellulose, and soluble carbohydrate (dextrose plus starch) digestibilities were measured. Urine and fecal samples were analyzed for phenolic monomers in trial 1. Inclusion of phenolic monomers (p-coumaric, ferulic, protocatechuic and salicylic acids, and vanillin) in rat diets resulted in reduced feed intake with a linear trend toward decreased intake with increasing dietary phenolic (p-coumaric and ferulic acids) concentrations. Average daily gain also exhibited a similar negative linear relationship. p-Coumaric and ferulic acids did not differ from one another in their effects, whereas salicylic acid had greater negative effects and vanillin was not different from the phenolic-free control. Some differences in digestibility of individual nutrients were observed, but were small in magnitude and did not correlate well with the altered growth responses. Analysis of urine and feces revealed low recoveries of phenolic monomers, suggesting extensive metabolism of phenolics by rats after intestinal absorption. Potential exists for phenolic monomers to be intake- and growth-depressing agents in both animal and human diets.

Topics: Animals; Carbohydrates; Cellulose; Coumaric Acids; Diet; Digestion; Eating; Feces; Flavoring Agents; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Metabolism; Motor Activity; Phenols; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Salicylates

A study was conducted to determine the effects of o-nitrobenzoate, p-aminobenzoate, benzocaine (ethyl aminobenzoate), ethyl benzoate, methyl benzoate, salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoate), trans-cinnamic acid (beta-phenylacrylic acid), trans-cinnamaldehyde (3-phenylpropenal), ferulic acid (p-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid), aspirin (o-acetoxy benzoic acid), and anthranilic acid (o-aminobenzoic acid) upon growth and aflatoxin release in Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3145 and A. parasiticus NRRL 3240. A chemically defined medium was supplemented with various concentrations of these compounds and inoculated with spores, and the developing cultures were incubated for 4, 6, and 8 days at 27 degree C in a mechanical shaker. At the beginning of day 8 of incubation, aflatoxins were extracted from cell-free filtrates, separated by thin-layer chromatography, and quantitated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The structure of these aromatic compounds appeared to be critically related to their effects on mycelial growth and aflatoxin release. At concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mg per 25 ml of medium, methyl benzoate and ethyl benzoate were the most effective in reducing both mycelial growth and aflatoxin release by A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Inhibition of mycelial growth and aflatoxin release by various concentrations of the above-named aromatic compounds may indicate the possibility of their use as fungicides.

Topics: Acrolein; Aflatoxins; Aspergillus; Aspergillus flavus; Aspirin; Benzoates; Benzocaine; Cinnamates; Coumaric Acids; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Salicylates