salicylates and dinoseb

A novel and efficient photo-Fenton catalyst of Fe(III)-5-sulfosalicylic acid (ssal) supported on Al(2)O(3) was prepared and characterized by FT-IR and TEM-EDX technique. A detailed investigation of photocatalytic degradation of 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (DNBP) using this catalyst and H(2)O(2) under solar light irradiation was carried out. The effects of reaction parameters on photodegradation performance were investigated by examining H(2)O(2) dosage, catalyst loading, solution pH, initial DNBP concentration and temperature. The optimal conditions were an initial DNBP concentration of 40 mg L(-1) at pH 2.5 and temperature 30 degrees C with catalyst loading of 1.0 g L(-1) and H(2)O(2) concentration of 5 mmol L(-1) under solar light irradiation for 100 min. Almost complete degradation of DNBP was observed with [Fe(III)-ssal]-Al(2)O(3)/H(2)O(2) process under the optimal conditions. The degradation of DNBP by photo-Fenton-type process can be divided into the initiation phase and the fast phase. The kinetics of Fenton oxidation is complex and the degradation of DNBP in the two phases both can be described by a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. No obvious decline in efficiency of the [Fe(III)-ssal]-Al(2)O(3) catalyst was observed after 5 repeated cycles indicating this catalyst is stable and reusable. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed on the basis of all the information obtained under various experimental conditions.

Topics: 2,4-Dinitrophenol; Aluminum Oxide; Benzenesulfonates; Catalysis; Ferric Compounds; Hydrogen Peroxide; Iron; Kinetics; Oxidation-Reduction; Pesticides; Photolysis; Salicylates; Sunlight

Substances known or suspected to cause subtle or transient anatomical alterations in renal development were administered prenatally or neonatally to rats in order to determine whether they are capable of altering renal functional development. Colchicine alters mitotic activity and cytoskeletal structure and is teratogenic in many species. Since the kidney of the newborn rat undergoes extensive cellular proliferation and nephron differentiation, it is possible that neonatal administration of colchicine may affect nephron development. Dinoseb and methyl salicylate have previously been reported to produce a high incidence of dilated renal pelvis in the term rat fetus. Colchicine was injected sc, at 75 micrograms/kg, to Postnatal Day (PD) 1 Sprague-Dawley rats. Dinoseb was administered ip to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on Gestation Days 10-12 at doses of 8 or 10.5 mg/kg/day, and methyl salicylate was administered ip at doses of 200, 250, or 300 mg/kg/day on Gestation Days 11-12. Renal function was examined in pups from immediately after birth through weaning. Maximal urine concentrating ability was measured after DDAVP (desmopressin acetate, a vasopressin analog) injection in suckling rats, and after 24 hr of water deprivation in weanlings. Proximal tubule transport was measured in renal cortical slices. Basal urinary parameters, including urine flow, osmolality, pH, and chloride content, were measured. Colchicine treatment had no effect on body weight or kidney weight. There was a significant decrease in maximal urine osmolality in PD 30 rats measured after 24 hr of water deprivation. The urine concentrating deficit detected in functionally mature PD 30 rats suggests that colchicine treatment during renal histogenesis causes a latent deficit in medullary function in the absence of any gross morphological effects. The 10.5 mg/kg/day dose of dinoseb caused a weight reduction in neonates which persisted after weaning. Urine volume after DDAVP challenge was increased over controls in both dose groups on PD 6, but maximal urine concentration was unaffected. On PD 14, maximal urine concentration after DDAVP injection was decreased in the 10.5 mg/kg/day group. By PD 30, urine concentrating ability was comparable to controls. Renal cortical slices from the 10.5 mg/kg/day dose group had an enhanced ability to accumulate organic anions on PD 3 and 31, but opposite effects were observed in the low-dose group. No other renal functional parameters were altered. Urine os

Topics: 2,4-Dinitrophenol; Animals; Animals, Suckling; Colchicine; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Dinitrophenols; Female; Fetus; Herbicides; Kidney Cortex; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Function Tests; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Salicylates; Teratogens