salicylates and 2-2--azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic-acid

Fingermarks formed in or by blood often require specific development techniques. This review examines techniques and materials that may be used to enhance and record fingermarks deposited in blood or fingermarks generated by blood-contaminated papillary ridges. A large number of techniques are presented here and are discussed from a chemical as well as practical perspective. It is concluded that an optimized sequence of techniques targeting both latent (non-bloody) and bloody fingermarks must be applied to detect and enhance the maximum number of marks, and therefore optimize the information content from exhibits that may bear marks in blood.

Topics: Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); Benzenesulfonates; Benzidines; Benzothiazoles; Blood; Blood Stains; Coloring Agents; Dermatoglyphics; Forensic Sciences; Gentian Violet; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Light; Luminescence; Methanol; Molecular Structure; Salicylates; Solvents; Sulfonic Acids; Titanium

UV irradiation induced formation of reactive oxygen radical species and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are thought to be involved in photo-damage to the skin. MMP-1 is the major collagenolytic enzyme responsible for collagen destruction in skin tissue. To develop new anti-photoaging agents, a series of 2,2'-dithiocinnamate derivatives and 2,2'-dithio or 2-thiobenzoate derivatives were designed and synthesized. The biological activities of the synthesized compounds were assayed for ABTS [2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging activity, MMP-1 inhibitory activity, and cytotoxicity to human dermal fibroblast cells. Compounds with potential of resistance to UV irradiation were identified. These compounds are expected to be useful for preventing photo-damage to the skin.

Topics: Benzothiazoles; Caseins; Cell Survival; Cinnamates; Collagen; Fibroblasts; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; Protease Inhibitors; Radiation-Protective Agents; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Aging; Sulfonic Acids; Sulfur; Ultraviolet Rays

The effect of doxorubicin on oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) by lactoperoxidase and hydrogen peroxide has been investigated. It was found that: (1) oxidation of ABTS to its radical cation (ABTS*(+)) is inhibited by doxorubicin as evidenced by its induction of a lag period, duration of which depends on doxorubicin concentration; (2) the inhibition is due to doxorubicin hydroquinone reducing the ABTS*(+) radical (stoichiometry 1: 1.8); (3) concomitant with the ABTS*(+) reduction is oxidation of doxorubicin; only when the doxorubicin concentration decreases to a near zero level, net oxidation of ABTS could be detected; (4) oxidation of doxorubicin leads to its degradation to 3-methoxysalicylic acid and 3-methoxyphthalic acid; (5) the efficacy of doxorubicin to quench ABTS*(+) is similar to the efficacy of p-hydroquinone, glutathione and Trolox C. These observations support the assertion that under certain conditions doxorubicin can function as an antioxidant. They also suggest that interaction of doxorubicin with oxidants may lead to its oxidative degradation.

Topics: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Benzothiazoles; Chromans; Doxorubicin; Free Radicals; Glutathione; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydroquinones; Lactoperoxidase; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Phthalic Acids; Salicylates; Sulfonic Acids; Thiazoles