s-phenyl-n-acetylcysteine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butan-1-ol

There may contain a great many carcinogens in cigarette smoke. Various carcinogens and their metabolites were quantified in urine of smokers, including trans, trans-muconic acid, S-phenylmercapturic acid, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl )-1-butanol and its glucuronides and so on. Quantification of carcinogens and their metabolites in urine of smokers could provide information on carcinogen exposure, which may be helpful to the research for mechanisms of carcinogen and in the exploitation of new harmless cigarettes. The study advances on carcinogens and their metabolites in urine of smokers were reviewed.

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Carcinogens; Humans; Nitrosamines; Pyridines; Smoking; Sorbic Acid

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are rapidly increasing in popularity but little information is available on their potential toxic or carcinogenic effects.. Twenty-eight e-cigarette smokers who had not smoked tobacco cigarettes for at least 2 months provided urine samples which were analyzed by validated methods for a suite of toxicant and carcinogen metabolites including 1-hydroxypyrene (1-HOP), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides (total NNAL), 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (3-HPMA), 2-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (2-HPMA), 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid (HMPMA), S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA), nicotine, and cotinine. Levels of these compounds were compared to those found in cigarette smokers from three previous studies.. Levels of 1-HOP, total NNAL, 3-HPMA, 2-HPMA, HMPMA, and SPMA were significantly lower in the urine of e-cigarette users compared to cigarette smokers. Levels of nicotine and cotinine were significantly lower in e-cigarette users compared to cigarette smokers in one study but not in another.. With respect to the compounds analyzed here, e-cigarettes have a more favorable toxicity profile than tobacco cigarettes.

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adult; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Hazardous Substances; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pyrenes; Pyridines; Smoking; Tobacco Products; Young Adult