rosavin and rosarin

Rhodiola rosea L. extracts have shown neuroprotective, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. However, the studies on their effect on T cell function are rather scarce. We examined the potential of R. rosea extract and its major constituents - salidroside, rosarin, rosavin and rosin to alter cell growth of human Jurkat T cells, apoptosis of splenic mouse CD3 T cells and expression of the surface markers and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The initial screening for cell viability in Jurkat T cells and for apoptosis of mouse T cells showed the strongest activity for rosavin and rosarin. Rosarin and rosavin did not alter significantly the dynamic of CD69 expression upon stimulation, but altered TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression. Rosavin inhibited TRAIL up-regulation, while rosarin showed an opposite effect. Indeed, rosarin increased the frequencies of CD3

Topics: Animals; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; Cell Survival; Disaccharides; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Jurkat Cells; Lectins, C-Type; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Phosphorylation; Plant Extracts; Rhizome; Rhodiola; Spleen; T-Lymphocytes; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand

Non-transformed wild type (NTWT) and hairy root cultures of Rhodiola kirilowii were grown in medium supplemented with 2.5 mM cinnamyl alcohol as a precursor and/or sucrose (1 %) on the day of inoculation or on the 14th day of culture. Rosarin, rosavin, and rosin were produced by NTWT root culture but only rosarin and rosavin by hairy roots. Approximately 80 and 95 % of the glycosides were released into the medium for NTWT and hairy root cultures, respectively. The highest rosavin yield, 505 ± 106 mg/l, was in hairy root culture when cinnamyl alcohol was applied on the day of inoculation with the addition of sucrose on the 14th day of culture. For rosin production, supplementation with cinnamyl alcohol alone on day 14 was more favourable with the highest amount 74 ± 10 mg/l in NTWT root culture. Only traces of rosarin were detected.

Topics: Biotransformation; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Disaccharides; Plant Roots; Propanols; Resins, Plant; Rhodiola; Sucrose

An RRLC method capable of simultaneous identification and rapid quantification of six biologically active compounds (salidroside, tyrosol, rosarin, rosavin, rosin, rosiridin) in Rhodiola rosea L. and two active compounds (eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E) in Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim. was developed. The chromatographic analyses were performed on a reversed phase Phenomenex C18 (2)-HST column at 40°C with a neutral mobile phase (purified water and acetonitrile) gradient system at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min and UV detection at 205 and 220nm simultaneously. Baseline separation of eight active compounds was achieved within 8min. This developed method provides good linearity (R>0.9997), precision (RSD<1.99%) and recovery of the bioactive compounds. The RRLC method developed is capable of controlling the quality of R. rosea and E. senticosus raw herbs, commercial extracts, as well as polyherbal formulations containing R. rosea and E. senticosus as ingredients. This RRLC method is accurate and sensitive; in addition, it greatly increases sample analysis throughput with reduced analysis time, which is suitable for routine quality control analysis.

Topics: Calibration; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography; Chromatography, Liquid; Disaccharides; Eleutherococcus; Glucosides; Lignans; Phenols; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Phenylpropionates; Plant Extracts; Plant Preparations; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; Resins, Plant; Rhodiola

A simple, sensitive and reliable reversed phase Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography (RRLC) method was developed and validated for six biologically active compounds (salidroside, tyrosol, rosarin, rosavin, rosin and rosiridin) in Rhodiola rosea L. roots and powder extracts. The method uses a Phenomenex C18 (2)-HST column at 40 degrees C with a neutral gradient system mobile phase (H20 and acetonitrile), a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and UV detection wavelengths set at 205 and 254 nm, simultaneously. Baseline separation of the six active compounds was achieved within 8 minutes. The average percentages of rosavins (rosarin, rosavin, and rosin) in authentic R. rosea roots and root powder extracts were quantitatively determined and a characteristic R. rosea roots RRLC profile was established. The RRLC method is accurate and sensitive; in addition, it effectively increases the sample analysis throughput compared with conventional HPLC.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disaccharides; Glucosides; Phenols; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Quality Control; Reference Standards; Resins, Plant; Rhodiola

The antidepressant-like activity of an extract of the roots of Rhodiola rosea (RR), its combination with piperine containing extract (RPE), pure substances isolated from Rhodiola, such as rhodioloside, rosavin, rosin, rosarin, tyrosol, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid has been assessed in laboratory animals through application of the Porsolt behavioural despair assay. RR increased the swimming time of rats in a dose dependent manner (ED50=7 mg/kg) and, when administered at 20mg/kg, exhibited a stronger anti-depressant type effect than either imipramine (at 30 mg/kg) or an extract of Hypericum perforatum (at 20mg/kg). Rhodioloside, and tyrosol were identified as active principles of the extract, whereas rosavin, rosarin, rosin, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid were inactive. A fixed combination of rhodioloside, rosavin, rosarin and rosin was more active than any of the individual components alone, indicating a synergistic effect of the ingredients in RR extract. Piperine in combination with Rhodiola (RPE) distorts pharmacological effect of Rhodiola most probably due to changes of pharmacokinetic profile of rhodioloside and rosavin. RPE cannot provide predictable therapeutic effect due to herb-herb interaction. Moreover, concomitant treatment of RPE with other drugs should also be excluded due to drug-piperine interaction.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Depression; Disaccharides; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Drug Synergism; Glucosides; Male; Molecular Structure; Phenols; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Piper nigrum; Plant Preparations; Plant Roots; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rhodiola; Stress, Physiological