ritonavir and camostat

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic stresses the need for effective antiviral drugs that can quickly be applied in order to reduce morbidity, mortality, and ideally viral transmission. By repurposing of broadly active antiviral drugs and compounds that are known to inhibit viral replication of related viruses, several advances could be made in the development of treatment strategies against COVID-19. The nucleoside analog remdesivir, which is known for its potent in vitro activity against Ebolavirus and other RNA viruses, was recently shown to reduce the time to recovery in patients with severe COVID-19. It is to date the only approved antiviral for treating COVID-19. Here, we provide a mechanism and evidence-based comparative review of remdesivir and other repurposed drugs with proven in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2.

Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Amides; Antiviral Agents; Benzamidines; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Drug Repositioning; Esters; Guanidines; Guanine; Humans; Indoles; Lopinavir; Protease Inhibitors; Pyrazines; Ribavirin; Ritonavir; SARS-CoV-2; Virus Internalization; Virus Replication

SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic which is putting strain on the health-care system and global economy. There is much pressure to develop both preventative and curative therapies for SARS-CoV-2 as there is no evidence to support therapies to improve outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Medications that inhibit certain steps of virus life cycle that are currently used to treat other illnesses such as Malaria, Ebola, HIV and Hepatitis C are being studied for use against SARS-CoV-2. To date, data is limited for medications that facilitate clinical improvement of COVID-19 infections.

Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Disease Progression; Drug Combinations; Drug Repositioning; Esters; Gabexate; Gene Expression Regulation; Guanidines; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Hydroxychloroquine; Indoles; Lopinavir; Pandemics; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Pneumonia, Viral; Ritonavir; SARS-CoV-2; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus

Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Administration, Oral; Alanine; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; COVID-19 Vaccines; Cytidine; Depsipeptides; Dexamethasone; Drug Combinations; Drug Repositioning; Drug Synergism; Esters; Guanidines; Hospitalization; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Hydroxylamines; Internationality; Lactams; Leucine; Mice; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); Nitriles; Peptide Elongation Factor 1; Peptides, Cyclic; Proline; Protease Inhibitors; Ritonavir; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase; SARS-CoV-2; Serine Endopeptidases; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; United States; Virus Replication