rifampin and quinupristin

Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Synergism; Humans; Molecular Conformation; Pandemics; Phylogeny; Pneumonia, Viral; Rifampin; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase; SARS-CoV-2; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, Protein; Virginiamycin; Virus Replication

Topics: Aged; Bacteremia; Catheterization, Central Venous; Chronic Disease; Daptomycin; Discitis; Humans; Jugular Veins; Male; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Pancreatitis; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Vancomycin; Virginiamycin

The in-vitro susceptibility of quinupristin/dalfopristin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, which are also resistant to fusidic acid and rifampicin were carried out to determine whether these antibiotics can be used as an alternative treatment for multiply resistant MRSA strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these antibiotics were determined by E-test. Quinupristin/dalfopristin had good activity (MIC90 = 1 mg/L) against these strains while most of the strains showed intermediate resistance to moxifloxacin with MIC90 = 2 mg/L). However, more than 90% of these strains were resistant to levofloxacin with the MICs that ranged from 8 mg/L to 16 mg/L with the majority inhibited at 8 mg/L.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aza Compounds; Disease Susceptibility; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Fluoroquinolones; Fusidic Acid; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Levofloxacin; Malaysia; Methicillin Resistance; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moxifloxacin; Ofloxacin; Quinolines; Rifampin; Staphylococcus aureus; Virginiamycin

We compared the efficacies of quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q-D; 30 mg/kg of body weight every 8 h) and vancomycin (60 mg/kg twice daily), alone or in combination with rifampin (10 mg/kg twice daily), in a rabbit model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus knee prosthesis infection. In contrast to vancomycin, Q-D significantly reduced the mean log(10) CFU per gram of bone versus that for the controls. The combination of rifampin with either Q-D or vancomycin was significantly more effective than monotherapy.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Joint Prosthesis; Methicillin Resistance; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Rabbits; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Tissue Distribution; Vancomycin; Virginiamycin

A total of 200 isolates of viridans group streptococci isolated from the oropharynx of healthy Greek children were studied. Vancomycin, rifampicin, fluoroquinolones and dalfopristin/quinupristin were active against all tested isolates. High level resistance to gentamicin was not seen. Intermediate and high-level penicillin resistance was present in 28.5 and 14.5% isolates, respectively, with 41.3% of the latter group, being also resistant to cefotaxime. Resistance rates to other antimicrobials were as follows - erythromycin 38.5%, clarithromycin 33.5%, clindamycin 7.5% and tetracycline 23%. Penicillin resistance occurred more frequently in Streptococcus mitis isolates, while macrolide resistance was more frequent in S. oralis. MLSB resistance phenotype M was dominant (74%) among erythromycin resistant isolates, with phenotypes IR and CR being represented by 6 and 20% of isolates, respectively.

Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Child; Child, Preschool; Clarithromycin; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Greece; Humans; Infant; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oropharynx; Phenotype; Rifampin; Streptococcus; Tetracycline; Vancomycin; Virginiamycin