rhoifolin and naringin

The consumption of plant-based food is important for health promotion, especially concerning the prevention and management of chronic diseases. Flavonoids are the main bioactive compounds in citrus fruits, with multiple beneficial effects, especially antidiabetic effects. We systematically review the potential antidiabetic action and molecular mechanisms of citrus flavonoids based on in vitro and in vivo studies. A search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases for articles published since 2010 was carried out using the keywords citrus, flavonoid, and diabetes. All articles identified were analyzed, and data were extracted using a standardized form. The search identified 38 articles, which reported that 19 citrus flavonoids, including 8-prenylnaringenin, cosmosiin, didymin, diosmin, hesperetin, hesperidin, isosiennsetin, naringenin, naringin, neohesperidin, nobiletin, poncirin, quercetin, rhoifolin, rutin, sineesytin, sudachitin, tangeretin, and xanthohumol, have antidiabetic potential. These flavonoids regulated biomarkers of glycemic control, lipid profiles, renal function, hepatic enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes, and modulated signaling pathways related to glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity that are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its related complications. Citrus flavonoids, therefore, are promising antidiabetic candidates, while their antidiabetic effects remain to be verified in forthcoming human studies.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Citrus; Diabetes Mellitus; Disaccharides; Flavanones; Flavones; Flavonoids; Glycosides; Hesperidin; Humans; Inflammation; Phytochemicals; Polyphenols; Propiophenones

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different cultivation regions on the pattern and content of flavonoids in two pummelo cultivars (C. grandis L. Osbeck) in China. Results showed that similar patterns of flavonoids were observed in the flavedo or juice of each pummelo cultivar from these cultivation regions, whereas the individual flavonoid content showed unique characteristics. Naringin, the predominant flavanone glycoside, showed the highest content in both flavedo and juice of C. grandis "Guanximiyu" from the Pinghe of Fujian (FJ) cultivation region compared with the Dapu of Guangdong (GD) and Nanbu of Sichuan (SC) regions. However, its content in the flavedo of C. grandis "Shatianyu" from the Pingle of Guangxi (GX) was significantly lower than in the GD and SC regions. Vicenin-2 appeared to be the dominant flavone C-glycoside in the flavedo of both cultivars, and the lowest content was observed in the flavedo of C. grandis "Guanximiyu" from the SC region. However, C. grandis "Shatianyu" contained the highest content of vicenin-2 in the flavedo from SC region. Similarly, the predominant flavone O-glucoside, rhoifolin, showed the highest content in C. grandis "Guanximiyu" from the GD and FJ regions, whereas C. grandis "Shatianyu" in SC region showed the highest content of rhoifolin. Cluster analysis suggested that genotype played a primary role in determining the flavonoid profiles of pummelo cultivars, whereas regional differences significantly affected the flavonoid distribution of pummelo cultivars potentially via affecting the direction of flavonoid accumulation in pummelo.

Topics: Apigenin; China; Citrus; Disaccharides; Flavanones; Flavones; Flavonoids; Genotype; Glucosides; Glycosides; Monosaccharides

To establish a method of quality assurance for mass-screening (QAMS) for simultaneously determining six flavonoids in Hongzhu Capsules.. An HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method was developed as QAMS to determine neoeriocitrin, prunin, naringin, rhoifolin, miliditin and naringenin in Hongzhu Capsules. Using naringin as the internal reference substance, relative correction factors (RCF) of the five flavonoids were determined and given as follows (1.05, 0.782, 1.89, 1.27, 0.532). The contents of the flavonoids in Hongzhu Capsules were determined by QAMS and validated by the external standard method.. RCF values were determined by HPLC with good reproducibility. No significant difference between the quantitative results of QAMS and external standard method was observed.. The present-developed method is convenient and accurate to determine multiple components when some standard substances are unavailable, thus considered as a potential method for quality control of Hongzhu Capsules.

Topics: Capsules; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disaccharides; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Glycosides; Phlorhizin; Plants, Medicinal; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results

To investigate the impurities in naringin extracted from Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa'.. High performance liquid chromatographies coupled with photodiode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detectors (HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS/MS) were applied to investigate the impurities, and their structures were elucidated by spectral data analyses. Quantification was carried out by main component self-compare with correction factor according to ICH guidelines.. Rhoifolin and neoeriocitrin were identified as major impurities. The correction factors of rhoifolin and neoeriocitrin were 1.82 and 1.02, respectively tested by HPLC method. The content of rhoifolin ranged from 0.742% to 0.926%, and the content of neoeriocitrin ranged from 0.335% to 0.464%. The gross impurities were less than 1.5%.. The categories and quantities of impurities in naringin product are relatively stable. The research provides a way of specification and verification for the analysis of impurities and objective evidence for security assessment of naringin product.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Citrus; Disaccharides; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Fruit; Glycosides; Hypolipidemic Agents; Molecular Structure; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry