Page last updated: 2024-08-22

rhamnose and lactulose

rhamnose has been researched along with lactulose in 133 studies

Research

Studies (133)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199024 (18.05)18.7374
1990's43 (32.33)18.2507
2000's38 (28.57)29.6817
2010's15 (11.28)24.3611
2020's13 (9.77)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Bull, J; Creamer, B; Heyer, S; Laker, MF; Menzies, IS; Pounder, R; Wheeler, PG1
Codoceo, R; Fernández-Calle, P; Marina, O; Martín, M; Polanco, I1
Berant, M; Khourie, M; Menzies, IS1
Caspary, WF; Helm, EB; Lembcke, B; Ott, M; Staszewski, S1
Budillon, G; D'Adamo, G; Greco, L; Mayer, M; Parrilli, G; Truscelli, A1
Gardner, ML; Illingworth, KM; Kelleher, J; Wood, D1
Duncan, A; Howden, CW; Morris, AJ; Robertson, C; Russell, RI1
Alexander, JW; Epstein, MD; Johnson, JR; Tchervenkov, JI; Vester, JW1
Catt, SD; Creamer, B; Heduan, E; Jenkins, AP; Menzies, IS; Segal, MB1
Budillon, G; Capocaccia, L; Martino, F; Martorano, M; Merli, M; Parrilli, G; Riggio, O; Romiti, A; Truscelli, A1
Budillon, G; Ciccimarra, F; Cuomo, R; Monaco, G; Nani, E; Parrilli, G; Pignata, C1
Dadufalza, VD; Delahunty, T; Hollander, D; Katz, KD; Krugliak, P; McElree, C; Rotter, JI; Vadheim, CM1
Fälth-Magnusson, K; Jansson, G; Magnusson, KE; Stenhammar, L; Sundqvist, T1
Tatsuno, K1
Bianco, AR; Budillon, G; Cuomo, R; Iaffaioli, RV; Martorano, M; Parrilli, G; Tafuto, S; Zampino, MG1
Atherton, DJ; Pike, MG; Riches, P1
Bjarnason, I; Catt, SD; Maxton, DG; Menzies, IS; Peters, TJ; Reynolds, AP1
Banatvala, JE; Menzies, IS; Noone, C; Scopes, JW1
Delahunty, TJ; Hollander, D1
Epsten, RM; Erickson, RA1
Barrison, IG; Fry, L; Griffiths, CE; Leonard, JN; Menzies, IS1
Boulton, P; Gibson, S; Levinsky, RJ; Miller, HR; Shields, JG; Strobel, S; Turner, MW1
Budillon, G; Cuomo, R; Izzo, CM; Maio, G; Nardone, G; Parrilli, G1
Gebhard, RL; Levine, AS; Mooradian, AD; Morley, JE; Prigge, WF1
Boulton, P; Menzies, I; Sanderson, IR; Walker-Smith, JA1
Atherton, DJ; Boulton, P; Heddle, RJ; Pike, MG; Turner, MW1
Basheer, SM; Boulton, P; Ingall, CB; Penny, DJ; Walker-Smith, JA1
Arnold, R; Ecknauer, R; Lorenz-Meyer, H; Swarovsky, B1
Cook, GC; Menzies, IS1
Lifschitz, C1
Ford, RP; Menzies, IS; Phillips, AD; Turner, MW; Walker-Smith, JA1
Budillon, G; Cuomo, R; Menzies, IS; Pacella, M; Parrilli, G1
Beach, RC; Du Mont, GC; Menzies, IS1
Beach, RC; Clayden, GS; Menzies, IS; Scopes, JW1
Boulton, P; Strobel, S; Turner, MW1
Bjarnason, I; Hollander, D; MacPherson, A1
Creamer, B; Jenkins, AP; Menzies, IS; Nukajam, WS1
Bjarnason, I; Catt, S; Maxton, D; Menzies, IS; Peters, TJ; Reynolds, AP1
Dinmore, AJ; Edwards, JS; Menzies, IS; Travis, SP1
Adam, A; Batt, RM; Proud, FJ; Rutgers, HC; Sørensen, SH1
Brydon, G; Ferguson, A; Quigg, J; Simpson, J1
Johnson, MA; Lee, CA; Lim, SG; Menzies, IS; Pounder, RE1
Atherton, DJ; Bertolini, P; Caffarelli, C; Cavagni, G; Menzies, IS1
Bjarnason, I; Bowles, CT; Keogh, BE; Khaghani, A; Menzies, I; Ohri, SK; Pathi, V; Somasundaram, S; Taylor, KM; Yacoub, MH1
Butler, R; Davidson, G; Miki, K; Moore, D1
Harvey, CJ; Johnston, JD; Menzies, IS; Treacher, DF1
Deutz, NE; Rooyakkers, DR; van Eijk, HM1
Batt, RM; Hall, EJ1
Batt, RM; Boswood, A; Elwood, CM; Entwistle, M; Fensome, RH; Forster-van Hijfte, MA; Matthewman, LA; Petrie, G; Proud, FJ; Rutgers, HC; Sørensen, SH1
Bloomer, MM; Colony, P; Kauffman, GL; Koltun, WA1
Chang, RT; Gisolfi, CV; Pals, KL; Ryan, AJ1
Brewster, DR; Henry, RL; Manary, MJ; Menzies, IS; O'Loughlin, EV2
Cummins, AG; Dale, BM; Keefe, DM; Kotasek, D; Robb, TA; Sage, RE1
Fink, MP1
Evans, TW; Houldsworth, PE; Keogh, B; Pepper, J; Sinclair, DG1
Adam, A; Batt, RM; Markwell, P; Proud, FJ; Rutgers, HC; Sørensen, SH1
Grzegorczyk, A; Hallberg, K; Larson, G; Strandvik, B1
Hoek, FJ; Oudemans-van Straaten, HM; van Deventer, SJ1
Albers, MJ; Gischler, S; Piena, M; Tibboel, D; Van Haard, PM1
Bindl, L1
Dave, K; MacFie, J; Mitchell, CJ; O'Boyle, CJ; Poon, P; Sagar, PS1
Koltun, WA; Page, MJ; Poritz, LS; Tilberg, AF1
Butler, RN; Couper, RT; Davidson, GP; Miki, K; Moore, DJ; Southcott, E1
Brouns, F; Brummer, RJ; Deutz, NE; Geerling, BJ; van Nieuwenhoven, MA1
Brewster, DR; Bright, A; Dunn, K; Haase, A; Kukuruzovic, RH1
Deutz, NE; Hallemeesch, MM; Lamers, WH; Soeters, PB1
Brewster, DR; Bright, A; Dunn, K; Haase, AM; Kukuruzovic, RH1
Eddy, D; Gisolfi, CV; Horn, M; Lambert, GP; Murray, R; Smetanka, RD1
Brouns, F; Brummer, RJ; de Swart, EA; Deutz, NE; van Eijk, HM; van Nieuwenhoven, MA1
Bhavanandan, VP; Erickson, DR; Harmon, N; Herb, N; Ordille, S1
Fernandes, J; Rao, AV; Wolever, TM1
Arnott, ID; Ghosh, S; Kingstone, K1
Butler, RN; Cassidy, JC; Cummins, AG; Gillis, D; Lorenzetti, M; Southcott, EK; Thompson, FM; Wilson, PC1
Broussard, LJ; Gisolfi, CV; Lambert, GP; Mason, BL; Mauermann, WJ1
Hobara, R; Hokama, M; Ito, I; Ito, T; Iwata, M; Kamiya, M; Matsuura, Y; Misawa, M; Mizuta, S; Nagasaka, M; Nakano, H; Saito, T; Takahama, K; Watanabe, M1
Forget, PP; Hendriks, HJ; van Kreel, B1
Burrows, CF; Hill, RC; Omori, M; Randell, SC; Scott, KC1
Brewster, DR; Kukuruzovic, RH1
Abazia, C; Budillon, G; Coccoli, P; Corsaro, MM; Cuomo, R; Parrilli, G; Sarnelli, G; Viglione, L1
Caviedes-Vidal, E; Chediack, JG; Fasulo, V; Karasov, WH; Yamin, LJ1
Kern, MR; Krecic, MR; Steiner, JM; Williams, DA1
Abazia, C; Barone, G; Coccoli, P; Corsaro, MM; Ferrara, R; Parrilli, G1
Brummer, RJ; Saris, WH; Troost, FJ1
Blijlevens, NM; de Pauw, BE; Donnelly, JP; M'Rabet, L; van't Land, B1
Pencharz, PB; Vogt, JA; Wolever, TM1
Anderson, AD; Fleming, S; Jain, PK; MacFie, J; Mitchell, CJ; Poon, P1
Bovill, JG; Hazekamp, MG; Klok, G; Malagon, I; Onkenhout, W; van der Poel, PF1
Ishii-Schrade, KB; Pencharz, PB; Vogt, JA; Wolever, TM1
Gross, M; Kölle, P; Martin, A; Siebeck, M; Welcker, K1
Fasano, A; Giusto, E; Katouzian, F; Marzari, R; Meiacco, D; Not, T; Sblattero, D; Stebel, M; Tommasini, A; Ventura, A1
Blijlevens, NM; de Pauw, BE; Donnelly, JP1
Blijlevens, NM; DePauw, BE; Donnelly, JP1
Bovill, JG; Hazekamp, MG; Klok, M; Malagon, I; Onkenhout, W; van der Poel, PF1
Ishii-Schrade, KB; Jones, PJ; Pencharz, PB; Vogt, JA; Wolever, TM1
Bijsterveld, K; Boverhof, R; Elzinga, H; Klaassen, D; Koetse, HA; Stellaard, F; van der Molen, AR1
Bianco, MA; Cipolletta, L; Coccoli, P; Corsaro, M; Garofano, ML; Orsini, L; Parrilli, G; Rotondano, GG1
Bast, A; Bours, MJ; Brummer, RJ; Dagnelie, PC; Troost, FJ1
Fiorini, E; Forbes, A; Kalantzis, C; Papadia, C; Sherwood, RA; Volta, U; Wallis, K1
Bos, HJ; Bours, MJ; Brummer, RJ; Dagnelie, PC; Meddings, JB; van den Brandt, PA1
Bull, A; Eckerson, J; Lambert, GP; Lang, J; Lanspa, S; Moore, G; O'Brien, J; Pfeifer, PC1
Fujino, Y; Kobayashi, S; Nakashima, K; Ohno, K; Setoguchi, A; Tsujimoto, H; Uetsuka, K1
Braye, S; Crock, P; Davidson, P; Greenwood, DL; Sentry, JW1
Elia, G; Limdi, JK; Mahmood, A; Marchbank, T; Playford, RJ1
Brewster, DR; Butler, RN; Davidson, GP; Hawkes, JS; McNeil, Y; Ritchie, BK; Tran, CD1
De Leo, L; Decorti, G; Di Toro, N; Malusà, N; Not, T; Ventura, A1
Lambert, GP; Lanspa, S; Schmidt, A; Schwarzkopf, K1
Buurman, WA; Dejong, CH; Dekker, J; Lenaerts, K; van Eijk, HM; van Wijck, K; Verlinden, TJ1
Di Toro, N; Lanzarotto, F; Lanzini, A; Not, T; Petroboni, B; Pogna, N; Ricci, C; Villanacci, V; Zanini, B1
Hurst, RD; Kruger, MC; Lentle, RG; Sequeira, IR1
Addobbati, R; Di Toro, N; Martellossi, S; Not, T; Pascolo, L; Sebastiani, GB1
Amiel, SA; Belgaumkar, AP; Carswell, KA; le Roux, CW; Patel, AG; Sherwood, RA; Vincent, RP1
Conchillo, JM; Hanssen, NM; Hesselink, MA; Jonkers, DM; Keszthelyi, D; Kruimel, JW; Lenaerts, K; Ludidi, S; Masclee, AA; Mujagic, Z1
Forder, REA; Gilani, S; Howarth, GS; Hughes, RJ; Kitessa, SM; Tran, CD2
Bas, R; JanssenDuijghuijsen, LM; Kartaram, SW; Keijer, J; Lenaerts, K; Mensink, M; Nierkens, S; Pieters, RH; Ridder, L; van Norren, K; Verschuren, MC; Wichers, HJ; Witkamp, RF1
Boekschoten, MV; Bron, PA; de Vos, P; de Wit, NJ; Govers, C; Masclee, AA; Mujagic, Z; Pieters, HH; Troost, FJ1
Davison, G; Jones, AW; March, DS; Marchbank, T; Playford, RJ; Thatcher, R1
Barekatain, R; Forder, REA; Gilani, S; Howarth, GS; Hughes, RJ; Kitessa, SM; Tran, CD1
Close, GL; Doran, DA; Fleming, SC; Impey, SG; Morton, JP; Pugh, JN1
Child, RB; Davison, G; Delves, SK; Edinburgh, RM; Fallowfield, JL; Fleming, SC; Layden, JD; Millyard, A; Ogden, HB; Westwood, CS1
Benheim, D; Forsyth, A; Itsiopoulos, C; Jois, M; Mendis, H; Navarro-Perez, D; Owen, E; Radcliffe, J; Tatucu-Babet, OA; Tierney, AC1
Brummer, RJ; Eriksson, U; König, J; Roca Rubio, MF1
Ahmed, K; Ahmed, S; Ahmed, Z; Ali, SA; Aziz, F; Hotwani, A; Idress, R; Iqbal, J; Iqbal, NT; Jamil, Z; Kabir, F; Kalam, A; Ma, JZ; Mallawaarachchi, I; Moore, SR; Sadiq, K; Syed, S; Umrani, F1
Afolami, I; Diepeveen-de Bruin, M; Melse-Boonstra, A; Mwangi, M; Oderinde, M; Samuel, FO1
Ashdown, KM; Costello, R; Flood, TR; Greisler, LD; Hiles, AM; Hill, GW; Kuennen, MR; Lee, BJ; Romano, PA; Walker, EF; Wheeler, LEV; Willems, MET1
Fundaro, G; Grady, NJ; Hart, TL; Johnson, KD; Littlefield, LA; Townsend, JR; Vergne, MJ1
Hsu, JW; Jahoor, F; Kashyap, S; Kurpad, AV; Shivakumar, N; Thomas, T1
Chantler, S; Davison, G; Deighton, K; Griffiths, A; Jones, B; Phibbs, P; Ramírez-López, C; Roe, G1
Amorim, FT; Berkemeier, QN; Deyhle, MR; Ducharme, JB; Fennel, ZJ; Gillum, TL; McKenna, ZJ; Mermier, CM; Specht, JW1
Fatica, EM; Larkey, NE; Singh, RJ1
Abdullah, S; Davies, SM; Denson, LA; Duell, A; Faubion, WA; Haslam, DB; Hils, B; Jodele, S; Khandelwal, P; Koo, J; Lake, K; Lane, A; Langenberg, L; Luebbering, N; Nalapareddy, K; Trapp, M; Vazquez Silva, O; Wang, YM1
Devi, S; Jahoor, F; Kashyap, S; Kurpad, AV; Preston, T; Shivakumar, N; Thomas, T1

Reviews

1 review(s) available for rhamnose and lactulose

ArticleYear
Intestinal permeability: an overview.
    Gastroenterology, 1995, Volume: 108, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Cattle; Celiac Disease; Chromium Radioisotopes; Edetic Acid; Enteritis; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestinal Neoplasms; Lactulose; Osmolar Concentration; Permeability; Polyethylene Glycols; Rhamnose; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate

1995

Trials

25 trial(s) available for rhamnose and lactulose

ArticleYear
Lactulose, 51Cr-labelled ethylenediaminetetra-acetate, L-rhamnose and polyethyleneglycol 400 [corrected] as probe markers for assessment in vivo of human intestinal permeability.
    Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 1986, Volume: 71, Issue:1

    Topics: Cell Membrane Permeability; Cetrimonium Compounds; Chromium Radioisotopes; Disaccharides; Edetic Acid; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Osmolar Concentration; Polyethylene Glycols; Rhamnose

1986
Intestinal permeability in dermatitis herpetiformis.
    The Journal of investigative dermatology, 1988, Volume: 91, Issue:2

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Dermatitis Herpetiformis; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Methylglucosides; Middle Aged; Permeability; Rhamnose; Xylose

1988
The effect of ingested lactulose on absorption of L-rhamnose, D-xylose, and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose in subjects with ileostomies.
    Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 1994, Volume: 29, Issue:9

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Electrolytes; Female; Humans; Ileostomy; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Isotonic Solutions; Lactulose; Male; Methylglucosides; Middle Aged; Osmosis; Rhamnose; Xylose

1994
Gastrointestinal permeability following cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomised study comparing the effects of dopamine and dopexamine.
    Intensive care medicine, 1997, Volume: 23, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; APACHE; Biological Transport; Carbohydrates; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Dopamine; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Glucose; Hemodynamics; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Permeability; Prospective Studies; Rhamnose; Treatment Outcome; Xylose

1997
Effects of pre- and post-absorptive factors on the lactulose/rhamnose gut permeability test.
    Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 2000, Volume: 98, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Gastrointestinal Transit; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Permeability; Rhamnose; Statistics, Nonparametric

2000
Gastrointestinal permeability during exercise: effects of aspirin and energy-containing beverages.
    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2001, Volume: 90, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Body Weight; Dietary Carbohydrates; Energy Intake; Exercise; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Rhamnose; Sucrose; Sweating

2001
Effect of chronic administration of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on human gastrointestinal permeability.
    Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society, 2003, Volume: 9, Issue:5

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cyclosporine; Endotoxins; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Liver Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Rhamnose; Sucrose; Tacrolimus

2003
Recombinant human lactoferrin ingestion attenuates indomethacin-induced enteropathy in vivo in healthy volunteers.
    European journal of clinical nutrition, 2003, Volume: 57, Issue:12

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Duodenum; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Indomethacin; Intestine, Small; Lactoferrin; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Recombinant Proteins; Rhamnose; Stomach; Sucrose

2003
L-Rhamnose increases serum propionate in humans.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2004, Volume: 80, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetates; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Area Under Curve; Bacteria; Breath Tests; Chromatography, Gas; Colon; Cross-Over Studies; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Female; Fermentation; Glucose; Humans; Hydrogen; Lactulose; Male; Methane; Propionates; Rhamnose

2004
L-Rhamnose increases serum propionate after long-term supplementation, but lactulose does not raise serum acetate.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2004, Volume: 80, Issue:5

    Topics: Acetates; Adult; Area Under Curve; Cross-Over Studies; Feces; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Lactulose; Male; Propionates; Rhamnose

2004
L-rhamnose and lactulose decrease serum triacylglycerols and their rates of synthesis, but do not affect serum cholesterol concentrations in men.
    The Journal of nutrition, 2006, Volume: 136, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Cholesterol; Cross-Over Studies; Fasting; Glucose; Humans; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Rhamnose; Triglycerides

2006
Local effect of adenosine 5'-triphosphate on indomethacin-induced permeability changes in the human small intestine.
    European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2007, Volume: 19, Issue:3

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Indomethacin; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rhamnose

2007
Effects of oral adenosine 5'-triphosphate and adenosine in enteric-coated capsules on indomethacin-induced permeability changes in the human small intestine: a randomized cross-over study.
    BMC gastroenterology, 2007, Jun-19, Volume: 7

    Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Capsules; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Humans; Indomethacin; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Reference Values; Rhamnose; Stereoisomerism; Tablets, Enteric-Coated

2007
Fluid restriction during running increases GI permeability.
    International journal of sports medicine, 2008, Volume: 29, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Double-Blind Method; Duodenum; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rest; Rhamnose; Running; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents; Water Deprivation

2008
Clinical trial: protective effect of a commercial fish protein hydrolysate against indomethacin (NSAID)-induced small intestinal injury.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2008, Sep-15, Volume: 28, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fish Proteins; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Indomethacin; Intestinal Diseases; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Placebos; Protein Hydrolysates; Rhamnose

2008
Novel multi-sugar assay for site-specific gastrointestinal permeability analysis: a randomized controlled crossover trial.
    Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2013, Volume: 32, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carbohydrates; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Indomethacin; Inflammation; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Monosaccharides; Permeability; Rhamnose; Sucrose; Young Adult

2013
Search for atoxic cereals: a single blind, cross-over study on the safety of a single dose of Triticum monococcum, in patients with celiac disease.
    BMC gastroenterology, 2013, May-24, Volume: 13

    Topics: Celiac Disease; Cross-Over Studies; Diet, Gluten-Free; Edible Grain; Glutens; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Oryza; Plant Extracts; Rhamnose; Single-Blind Method; Triticum

2013
Differential trafficking of saccharidic probes following aspirin in clinical tests of intestinal permeability in young healthy women.
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology, 2014, Volume: 41, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Carbohydrates; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Mannitol; Permeability; Rhamnose; Sensitivity and Specificity; Urine; Young Adult

2014
New biomarkers for increased intestinal permeability induced by dextran sodium sulphate and fasting in chickens.
    Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 2017, Volume: 101, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Chickens; Dextran Sulfate; Food Deprivation; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Mannitol; Permeability; Rhamnose

2017
The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on small intestinal barrier function and mucosal gene transcription; a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial.
    Scientific reports, 2017, 01-03, Volume: 7

    Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Double-Blind Method; Duodenoscopy; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Gene Expression Profiling; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Lactobacillus plantarum; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Probiotics; Rhamnose; Urinalysis; Young Adult

2017
Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein and gut permeability responses to exercise.
    European journal of applied physiology, 2017, Volume: 117, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Animals; Cattle; Colostrum; Exercise; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Rhamnose

2017
Short intense psychological stress induced by skydiving does not impair intestinal barrier function.
    PloS one, 2021, Volume: 16, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Colon; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rhamnose; Stress, Psychological

2021
Assessment of small-intestine permeability in healthy Nigerian children is altered by urinary volume and voiding status.
    PloS one, 2021, Volume: 16, Issue:9

    Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Mannitol; Nigeria; Permeability; Proof of Concept Study; Rhamnose; Rural Health; Sucrose

2021
Anthocyanin-Rich Blackcurrant Extract Preserves Gastrointestinal Barrier Permeability and Reduces Enterocyte Damage but Has No Effect on Microbial Translocation and Inflammation After Exertional Heat Stress.
    International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 2022, Jul-01, Volume: 32, Issue:4

    Topics: Anthocyanins; Enterocytes; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; Heat Stress Disorders; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Lactulose; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; Male; Permeability; Plant Extracts; Rhamnose; Ribes

2022
Ibuprofen Increases Markers of Intestinal Barrier Injury But Suppresses Inflammation at Rest and After Exercise in Hypoxia.
    Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2023, 01-01, Volume: 55, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Chemokine CCL2; Exercise; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Hypoxia; Ibuprofen; Inflammation; Lactulose; Male; Rest; Rhamnose; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

2023

Other Studies

107 other study(ies) available for rhamnose and lactulose

ArticleYear
Abnormal intestinal permeability to sugars in villous atrophy.
    Lancet (London, England), 1979, Nov-24, Volume: 2, Issue:8152

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Atrophy; Celiac Disease; Cell Membrane Permeability; Disaccharides; Female; Glycosuria; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Rhamnose

1979
[A simultaneous study of intestinal permeability and the test of H2 in the expired breath of celiac children].
    Acta gastroenterologica Latinoamericana, 1992, Volume: 22, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Biopsy; Breath Tests; Celiac Disease; Cell Membrane Permeability; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Rhamnose

1992
Effect of iron deficiency on small intestinal permeability in infants and young children.
    Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 1992, Volume: 14, Issue:1

    Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rhamnose

1992
[Intestinal permeability in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)].
    Klinische Wochenschrift, 1991, Oct-02, Volume: 69, Issue:15

    Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Aged; Celiac Disease; Cell Membrane Permeability; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Rhamnose

1991
Intestinal permeability after single dose gluten challenge in coeliac disease.
    Archives of disease in childhood, 1991, Volume: 66, Issue:7

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Celiac Disease; Child; Glutens; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Permeability; Rhamnose

1991
Intestinal absorption of the intact peptide carnosine in man, and comparison with intestinal permeability to lactulose.
    The Journal of physiology, 1991, Volume: 439

    Topics: Adult; beta-Alanine; Carnosine; Dipeptidases; Dipeptides; Exercise; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Rhamnose; Time Factors

1991
Comparison of different measurements of intestinal permeability in inflammatory bowel disease.
    The American journal of gastroenterology, 1991, Volume: 86, Issue:10

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chromium Radioisotopes; Edetic Acid; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Rhamnose

1991
Increased gut permeability following burn trauma.
    Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 1991, Volume: 126, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Burns; Chromatography, Gas; Female; Guinea Pigs; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Permeability; Rhamnose; Time Factors

1991
The effect of poorly absorbed solute on intestinal absorption.
    Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 1990, Volume: 25, Issue:12

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Adult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Mannitol; Methylglucosides; Middle Aged; Rhamnose; Solubility; Xylose

1990
Malabsorption and nutritional abnormalities in patients with liver cirrhosis.
    The Italian journal of gastroenterology, 1990, Volume: 22, Issue:3

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Adult; Aged; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Celiac Disease; Feces; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Lipids; Liver Cirrhosis; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Methylglucosides; Middle Aged; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional Status; Rhamnose; Skinfold Thickness; Weight Loss; Xylose

1990
Jejunal bacterial overgrowth and intestinal permeability in children with immunodeficiency syndromes.
    Gut, 1990, Volume: 31, Issue:8

    Topics: Adolescent; Breath Tests; Child; Child, Preschool; Colony Count, Microbial; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Hydrogen; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Intestinal Absorption; Jejunum; Lactulose; Permeability; Rhamnose

1990
Intestinal permeability in patients with Crohn's disease and their healthy relatives.
    Gastroenterology, 1989, Volume: 97, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Colectomy; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Ileum; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Permeability; Rhamnose

1989
Intestinal permeability to inert sugars and different-sized polyethyleneglycols in children with celiac disease.
    Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 1989, Volume: 9, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Carbohydrates; Celiac Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Glutens; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Polyethylene Glycols; Rhamnose

1989
[Intestinal permeability in children with food allergy].
    Arerugi = [Allergy], 1989, Volume: 38, Issue:12

    Topics: Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rhamnose

1989
Effects of anthracycline therapy on intestinal absorption in patients with advanced breast cancer.
    Cancer research, 1989, Jul-01, Volume: 49, Issue:13

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Breast Neoplasms; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Doxorubicin; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Methylglucosides; Rhamnose; Xylose

1989
Fecal alpha 1-antitrypsin concentration and gastrointestinal permeability to oligosaccharides in atopic dermatitis.
    Pediatric dermatology, 1989, Volume: 6, Issue:1

    Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Feces; Female; Humans; Lactulose; Male; Oligosaccharides; Permeability; Protein-Losing Enteropathies; Rhamnose

1989
Intestinal permeability and lactose hydrolysis in human rotaviral gastroenteritis assessed simultaneously by non-invasive differential sugar permeation.
    European journal of clinical investigation, 1986, Volume: 16, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Child, Preschool; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Hydrolysis; Infant; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactose; Lactulose; Permeability; Rhamnose; Rotavirus Infections

1986
Toxic effect on the rat small intestine of chronic administration of asbestos in drinking water.
    Toxicology letters, 1987, Volume: 39, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Animals; Asbestos; Drinking; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Mannitol; Permeability; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rhamnose

1987
Oral chenodeoxycholic acid increases small intestinal permeability to lactulose in humans.
    The American journal of gastroenterology, 1988, Volume: 83, Issue:5

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disaccharides; Humans; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Mannitol; Permeability; Rhamnose

1988
Intestinal hypersensitivity reactions in the rat. I. Uptake of intact protein, permeability to sugars and their correlation with mucosal mast-cell activation.
    Immunology, 1988, Volume: 63, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Chymases; Disaccharides; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Mast Cells; Ovalbumin; Permeability; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rhamnose; Serine Endopeptidases; Serum Albumin, Bovine

1988
Investigation of intestine function during acute viral hepatitis using combined sugar oral loads.
    Gut, 1987, Volume: 28, Issue:11

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Acute Disease; Carbohydrates; Hepatitis A; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Methylglucosides; Rhamnose; Xylose

1987
Abnormal intestinal permeability to sugars in diabetes mellitus.
    Diabetologia, 1986, Volume: 29, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disaccharides; Humans; Insulin; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Rhamnose

1986
Improvement of abnormal lactulose/rhamnose permeability in active Crohn's disease of the small bowel by an elemental diet.
    Gut, 1987, Volume: 28, Issue:9

    Topics: Adolescent; Child; Crohn Disease; Disaccharides; Female; Food, Formulated; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rhamnose

1987
Increased intestinal permeability in atopic eczema.
    The Journal of investigative dermatology, 1986, Volume: 86, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rhamnose

1986
Intestinal malabsorption in cystic fibrosis.
    Archives of disease in childhood, 1986, Volume: 61, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Disaccharides; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Rhamnose

1986
[Effect of osmolality on the gastrointestinal permeation of various carbohydrates in healthy persons].
    Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie, 1985, Volume: 23, Issue:10

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Administration, Oral; Adult; Enteral Nutrition; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Methylglucosides; Methylglycosides; Rhamnose; Xylose

1985
Intestinal absorption and unmediated permeation of sugars in post-infective tropical malabsorption (tropical sprue).
    Digestion, 1986, Volume: 33, Issue:2

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Adult; Aged; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Methylglucosides; Middle Aged; Permeability; Rhamnose; Sprue, Tropical; Xylose

1986
Intestinal permeability.
    Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 1985, Volume: 4, Issue:4

    Topics: Cell Membrane Permeability; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Isotonic Solutions; Lactulose; Molecular Weight; Perfusion; Permeability; Polyethylene Glycols; Rhamnose

1985
Intestinal sugar permeability: relationship to diarrhoeal disease and small bowel morphology.
    Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 1985, Volume: 4, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Biopsy; Cell Membrane Permeability; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Disaccharides; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Isotonic Solutions; Lactose; Lactulose; Permeability; Rhamnose; Xylose

1985
Investigation of intestine and liver function in cirrhosis using combined sugar oral loads.
    Journal of hepatology, 1985, Volume: 1, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Methylglucosides; Middle Aged; Rhamnose; Xylose

1985
Gastrointestinal permeability in food-allergic eczematous children.
    Clinical allergy, 1984, Volume: 14, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Lactulose; Milk; Rhamnose; Tartrazine

1984
Gastrointestinal permeability changes in the preterm neonate.
    Archives of disease in childhood, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:2

    Topics: Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Rhamnose

1982
Experimental intestinal hypersensitivity. Effect of four anti-allergic drugs on protein uptake, permeability to sugars and mucosal mast-cell activation.
    Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1995, Volume: 25, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Beclomethasone; Bronchodilator Agents; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chymases; Cromolyn Sodium; Duodenum; Hypersensitivity; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Lactulose; Mast Cells; Nedocromil; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rhamnose; Serine Endopeptidases; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Thioxanthenes; Xanthones

1995
Comparison of four markers of intestinal permeability in control subjects and patients with coeliac disease.
    Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 1994, Volume: 29, Issue:7

    Topics: Celiac Disease; Chromium Radioisotopes; Edetic Acid; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Osmolar Concentration; Permeability; Polyethylene Glycols; Rhamnose

1994
Intestinal carbohydrate absorption and permeability at high altitude (5,730 m).
    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 1994, Volume: 76, Issue:5

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Adult; Altitude; Dietary Carbohydrates; Eating; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Methylglucosides; Permeability; Rhamnose; Skinfold Thickness; Weight Loss; Xylose

1994
A novel HPLC method for the simultaneous quantification of monosaccharides and disaccharides used in tests of intestinal function and permeability.
    Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 1993, Nov-30, Volume: 221, Issue:1-2

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Animals; Carbohydrates; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dogs; Electrochemistry; Intestines; Lactulose; Mannitol; Methylglucosides; Monosaccharides; Permeability; Reference Standards; Rhamnose; Xylose

1993
Evaluation of canine small intestinal permeability using the lactulose/rhamnose urinary excretion test.
    Research in veterinary science, 1993, Volume: 55, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rhamnose; Sensitivity and Specificity

1993
Intestinal permeability and function in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. A comparison with coeliac disease.
    Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 1993, Volume: 28, Issue:7

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Adolescent; Adult; Celiac Disease; Diarrhea; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestines; Lactulose; Male; Methylglucosides; Middle Aged; Permeability; Rhamnose; Xylose

1993
Elimination diet and intestinal permeability in atopic eczema: a preliminary study.
    Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1993, Volume: 23, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Gastric Emptying; Gastrointestinal Transit; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Radioallergosorbent Test; Rhamnose

1993
Cardiopulmonary bypass impairs small intestinal transport and increases gut permeability.
    The Annals of thoracic surgery, 1993, Volume: 55, Issue:5

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Adult; Aged; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Methylglucosides; Middle Aged; Permeability; Regional Blood Flow; Rhamnose; Survival Rate; Time Factors; Xylose

1993
Rapid and simultaneous quantification of rhamnose, mannitol, and lactulose in urine by HPLC for estimating intestinal permeability in pediatric practice.
    Clinical chemistry, 1996, Volume: 42, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Intestines; Lactulose; Mannitol; Permeability; Reference Values; Rhamnose

1996
Gastrointestinal permeability and absorptive capacity in sepsis.
    Critical care medicine, 1996, Volume: 24, Issue:7

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Absorption; Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Digestive System; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Methylglucosides; Middle Aged; Permeability; Rhamnose; Sepsis; Xylose

1996
Simple and sensitive multi-sugar-probe gut permeability test by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence labelling.
    Journal of chromatography. A, 1996, Apr-12, Volume: 730, Issue:1-2

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Adult; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disaccharides; Fluorenes; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Hydrazines; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indicators and Reagents; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Methylglucosides; Monosaccharides; Rhamnose; Xylose

1996
Urinary excretion by dogs of intravenously administered simple sugars.
    Research in veterinary science, 1996, Volume: 60, Issue:3

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Animals; Biotransformation; Chromium Radioisotopes; Disaccharides; Dogs; Female; Injections, Intravenous; Isomaltose; Lactose; Lactulose; Male; Monosaccharides; Rhamnose; Sucrose; Time Factors; Xylose

1996
Intestinal permeability and function in dogs with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
    The Journal of small animal practice, 1996, Volume: 37, Issue:9

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy; Campylobacter; Carbohydrates; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Intestines; Lactulose; Male; Oxytetracycline; Permeability; Rhamnose; Salmonella; Xylose

1996
Increased intestinal permeability in rats with graft versus host disease.
    Gut, 1996, Volume: 39, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Graft vs Host Disease; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rhamnose; Spleen

1996
Effect of running intensity on intestinal permeability.
    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 1997, Volume: 82, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Exercise; Female; Humans; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rhamnose

1997
Intestinal permeability in kwashiorkor.
    Archives of disease in childhood, 1997, Volume: 76, Issue:3

    Topics: Case-Control Studies; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Kwashiorkor; Lactulose; Male; Prognosis; Rhamnose; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index

1997
Comparison of milk and maize based diets in kwashiorkor.
    Archives of disease in childhood, 1997, Volume: 76, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Cattle; Child, Preschool; Diet; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Kwashiorkor; Lactulose; Milk; Milk Hypersensitivity; Regression Analysis; Rhamnose; Weight Gain; Zea mays

1997
Effect of high-dose chemotherapy on intestinal permeability in humans.
    Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 1997, Volume: 92, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Patient Compliance; Permeability; Rhamnose; Time Factors

1997
Interpreting dual-sugar absorption studies in critically ill patients: what are the implications of apparent increases in intestinal permeability to hydrophilic solutes?
    Intensive care medicine, 1997, Volume: 23, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; Bacterial Translocation; Carbohydrates; Critical Illness; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Humans; Infections; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Permeability; Rhamnose; Species Specificity

1997
A blood test for intestinal permeability and function: a new tool for the diagnosis of chronic intestinal disease in dogs.
    Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 1997, Aug-08, Volume: 264, Issue:1

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Animals; Cell Membrane Permeability; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Diseases; Lactulose; Reproducibility of Results; Rhamnose; Time Factors; Xylose

1997
Intestinal permeability in cystic fibrosis in relation to genotype.
    Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 1997, Volume: 25, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Fatty Acids; Female; Genotype; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Humans; Intestines; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Permeability; Phospholipids; Rhamnose; Xylose

1997
Gastrointestinal permeability in cardiac surgery patients, the interpretation of dual-sugar absorption studies.
    Intensive care medicine, 1997, Volume: 23, Issue:10

    Topics: Carbohydrates; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Permeability; Rhamnose

1997
Introduction of enteral feeding in neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after evaluation of intestinal permeability changes.
    Journal of pediatric surgery, 1998, Volume: 33, Issue:1

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Biological Transport; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enteral Nutrition; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Prospective Studies; Rhamnose; Time Factors; Xylose

1998
Gastrointestinal permeability following cardiopulmonary bypass.
    Intensive care medicine, 1998, Volume: 24, Issue:3

    Topics: Capillary Permeability; Coronary Artery Bypass; Dopamine; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Rhamnose; Vasodilator Agents

1998
Alterations in intestinal barrier function do not predispose to translocation of enteric bacteria in gastroenterologic patients.
    Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 1998, Volume: 14, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Atrophy; Bacterial Translocation; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Permeability; Rhamnose

1998
Bowel permeability is improved in Crohn's disease after ileocolectomy.
    Diseases of the colon and rectum, 1998, Volume: 41, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Colectomy; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Ileum; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rhamnose

1998
The sugar permeability test reflects disease activity in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.
    The Journal of pediatrics, 1998, Volume: 133, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Cell Membrane Permeability; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Reference Values; Rhamnose

1998
The sensitivity of the lactulose/rhamnose gut permeability test.
    European journal of clinical investigation, 1999, Volume: 29, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Methods; Permeability; Rhamnose; Sensitivity and Specificity

1999
Intestinal permeability and diarrhoeal disease in Aboriginal Australians.
    Archives of disease in childhood, 1999, Volume: 81, Issue:4

    Topics: Acidosis; Dehydration; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Hypokalemia; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Northern Territory; Permeability; Rhamnose

1999
Increased lactulose/rhamnose ratio during fluid load is caused by increased urinary lactulose excretion.
    American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2000, Volume: 278, Issue:1

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Animals; Endotoxemia; Injections, Intravenous; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reference Values; Rhamnose; Sodium Chloride

2000
Dual sugar permeability testing in diarrheal disease.
    The Journal of pediatrics, 2000, Volume: 136, Issue:2

    Topics: Blood Specimen Collection; Case-Control Studies; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diarrhea, Infantile; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Reproducibility of Results; Rhamnose; Urinalysis

2000
Intestinal permeability in runners in the 1996 Chicago marathon.
    International journal of sport nutrition, 1999, Volume: 9, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Case-Control Studies; Chicago; Dietary Sucrose; Exercise; Female; Humans; Ibuprofen; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Permeability; Rhamnose; Running

1999
A new direct test of bladder permeability.
    The Journal of urology, 2000, Volume: 164, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Cystitis, Interstitial; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rabbits; Rhamnose; Urinary Bladder; Urothelium

2000
Different substrates and methane producing status affect short-chain fatty acid profiles produced by In vitro fermentation of human feces.
    The Journal of nutrition, 2000, Volume: 130, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Female; Fermentation; Galactans; Humans; Ileostomy; In Vitro Techniques; Lactulose; Male; Mannans; Methane; Plant Gums; Rhamnose; Starch

2000
Abnormal intestinal permeability predicts relapse in inactive Crohn disease.
    Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 2000, Volume: 35, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Intestines; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Permeability; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Recurrence; Remission Induction; Rhamnose

2000
Improvement in intestinal permeability precedes morphometric recovery of the small intestine in coeliac disease.
    Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 2001, Volume: 100, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Biopsy; Celiac Disease; Duodenum; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gliadin; Glutens; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Permeability; Prospective Studies; Rhamnose; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome

2001
[Intestinal permeability in Crohn's disease and effects of elemental dietary therapy].
    Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai zasshi = The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology, 2001, Volume: 98, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Crohn Disease; Female; Food, Formulated; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Permeability; Rhamnose

2001
Effects of therapy with lansoprazole on intestinal permeability and inflammation in young cystic fibrosis patients.
    Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2001, Volume: 33, Issue:3

    Topics: 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; Adolescent; Anti-Infective Agents; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Lactulose; Lansoprazole; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mannitol; Nitric Oxide; Omeprazole; Permeability; Rhamnose

2001
Intestinal permeability testing using lactulose and rhamnose: a comparison between clinically normal cats and dogs and between dogs of different breeds.
    Research in veterinary science, 2001, Volume: 71, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Cats; Dogs; Female; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Linear Models; Male; Permeability; Reference Values; Rhamnose

2001
Small bowel intestinal permeability in Australian aboriginal children.
    Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2002, Volume: 35, Issue:2

    Topics: Acidosis; Child, Preschool; Dehydration; Diarrhea; Female; Humans; Hypokalemia; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Length of Stay; Male; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Northern Territory; Permeability; Prospective Studies; Rhamnose; Severity of Illness Index

2002
Intestinal passive absorption of water-soluble compounds by sparrows: effect of molecular size and luminal nutrients.
    Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology, 2003, Volume: 173, Issue:3

    Topics: Absorption; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Arabinose; Enteral Nutrition; Heptoses; Injections, Intramuscular; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Molecular Weight; Rhamnose; Solubility; Songbirds; Water

2003
Kinetics and postmucosal effects on urinary recovery of 5 intravenously administered sugars in healthy cats.
    Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire, 2003, Volume: 67, Issue:2

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Animals; Biomarkers; Carbohydrates; Cats; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Dogs; Gastrointestinal Agents; Glucose; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Lactulose; Male; Rats; Rhamnose; Sucrose; Urinalysis; Urinary Catheterization; Xylose

2003
Simultaneous gas-chromatographic measurement of rhamnose, lactulose and sucrose and their application in the testing gastrointestinal permeability.
    Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 2003, Volume: 338, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Celiac Disease; Chromatography, Gas; Digestive System; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rhamnose; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sucrose

2003
Measuring mucosal damage induced by cytotoxic therapy.
    Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 2004, Volume: 12, Issue:4

    Topics: 3-O-Methylglucose; Acute Disease; Adult; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Cyclophosphamide; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Idarubicin; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Leukemia, Myeloid; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Permeability; Rhamnose; Stomatitis; Transplantation Conditioning; Whole-Body Irradiation; Xylose

2004
Evaluation of a triple sugar test of colonic permeability in humans.
    Acta physiologica Scandinavica, 2004, Volume: 182, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Colon; Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System; Female; Humans; Hydrogen; Ileostomy; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Permeability; Rhamnose; Sucrose; Sweetening Agents

2004
Gut permeability in paediatric cardiac surgery.
    British journal of anaesthesia, 2005, Volume: 94, Issue:2

    Topics: Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Child, Preschool; Female; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Intraoperative Period; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Postoperative Period; Prospective Studies; Rhamnose

2005
Increased intestinal permeability in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
    European journal of medical research, 2004, Oct-29, Volume: 9, Issue:10

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cellobiose; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Permeability; Rhamnose

2004
Dual sugar gut-permeability testing on blood drop in animal models.
    Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry, 2005, Volume: 352, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Models, Animal; Permeability; Rabbits; Rhamnose

2005
Prospective evaluation of gut mucosal barrier injury following various myeloablative regimens for haematopoietic stem cell transplant.
    Bone marrow transplantation, 2005, Volume: 35, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Anthracyclines; Antineoplastic Agents; Female; Hematologic Neoplasms; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Idarubicin; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Myeloablative Agonists; Permeability; Prospective Studies; Rhamnose; Stomatitis; Transplantation Conditioning

2005
Inflammatory response to mucosal barrier injury after myeloablative therapy in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients.
    Bone marrow transplantation, 2005, Volume: 36, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteremia; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cyclosporine; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammation; Lactulose; Lymphocyte Depletion; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Permeability; Rhamnose; Stem Cell Transplantation; T-Lymphocytes

2005
Gut permeability in neonates after a stage 1 Norwood procedure.
    Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies, 2005, Volume: 6, Issue:5

    Topics: Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Gastrointestinal Agents; Heart Arrest, Induced; Humans; Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Permeability; Postoperative Period; Prospective Studies; Rhamnose

2005
Combined LDI/SAT test to evaluate intestinal lactose digestion and mucosa permeability.
    European journal of clinical investigation, 2006, Volume: 36, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Carbon Isotopes; Female; Glucose; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactose; Lactose Intolerance; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Reproducibility of Results; Rhamnose

2006
Is intestinal permeability test useful for asymptomatic Crohn's disease?
    Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2006, Volume: 12, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Colonoscopy; Crohn Disease; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Middle Aged; Permeability; Rhamnose

2006
Plasma citrulline concentration: a reliable marker of small bowel absorptive capacity independent of intestinal inflammation.
    The American journal of gastroenterology, 2007, Volume: 102, Issue:7

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albumins; Biomarkers; Blood Sedimentation; C-Reactive Protein; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Citrulline; Drug Combinations; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Laparotomy; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Count; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Rhamnose; ROC Curve; Severity of Illness Index; Xylose

2007
Measurement of intestinal mucosal permeability in dogs with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis.
    The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2007, Volume: 69, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Histocytochemistry; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rhamnose; Statistics, Nonparametric

2007
Autoimmune gastritis and parietal cell reactivity in two children with abnormal intestinal permeability.
    European journal of pediatrics, 2008, Volume: 167, Issue:8

    Topics: Adrenal Insufficiency; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Anemia, Pernicious; Autoimmune Diseases; Cell Membrane Permeability; Child; Comorbidity; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Gastritis; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Parietal Cells, Gastric; Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune; Rhamnose; Stress, Psychological

2008
13C-sucrose breath test: novel use of a noninvasive biomarker of environmental gut health.
    Pediatrics, 2009, Volume: 124, Issue:2

    Topics: Breath Tests; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Membrane Permeability; Child, Preschool; Dehydration; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea, Infantile; Environmental Illness; Female; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Male; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Northern Territory; Predictive Value of Tests; Reference Values; Rhamnose; South Australia; Sprue, Tropical; Sucrose

2009
Fasting increases tobramycin oral absorption in mice.
    Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2010, Volume: 54, Issue:4

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biological Availability; Fasting; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Rhamnose; Tobramycin

2010
Effect of aspirin dose on gastrointestinal permeability.
    International journal of sports medicine, 2012, Volume: 33, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Female; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Male; Menstrual Cycle; Permeability; Pilot Projects; Rhamnose; Sucrose; Young Adult

2012
Influence of urine volume on the assessment of intestinal permeability in affected children by multiple sugar probes.
    Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, 2014, Volume: 52, Issue:2

    Topics: Carbohydrates; Child, Preschool; Diuresis; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rhamnose; Sucrose

2014
The effect of bariatric surgery on intestinal absorption and transit time.
    Obesity surgery, 2014, Volume: 24, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; England; Female; Gastric Bypass; Gastrointestinal Tract; Gastrointestinal Transit; Gastroplasty; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity, Morbid; Rhamnose; Treatment Outcome; Xylose

2014
Small intestinal permeability is increased in diarrhoea predominant IBS, while alterations in gastroduodenal permeability in all IBS subtypes are largely attributable to confounders.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2014, Volume: 40, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diarrhea; Erythritol; Female; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Lactulose; Male; Middle Aged; Permeability; Rhamnose; Sucrose; Young Adult

2014
Adaptation of exercise-induced stress in well-trained healthy young men.
    Experimental physiology, 2017, 01-01, Volume: 102, Issue:1

    Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adult; Biomarkers; Creatine Kinase; Cytokines; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Humans; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-6; Intestinal Mucosa; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Rest; Rhamnose; Stress, Physiological; Urine; Young Adult

2017
Intestinal permeability induced by lipopolysaccharide and measured by lactulose, rhamnose and mannitol sugars in chickens.
    Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience, 2017, Volume: 11, Issue:7

    Topics: Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing); Animals; Chickens; Dextrans; Escherichia coli; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; Intestines; Lactic Acid; Lactulose; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Mannitol; Models, Biological; Permeability; Random Allocation; Rhamnose; Tight Junctions

2017
Reduced fasting periods increase intestinal permeability in chickens.
    Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 2018, Volume: 102, Issue:1

    Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Dextrans; Diet; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; Food Deprivation; Glutamine; Intestines; Lactulose; Male; Mannitol; Permeability; Rhamnose; Time Factors

2018
Acute high-intensity interval running increases markers of gastrointestinal damage and permeability but not gastrointestinal symptoms.
    Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme, 2017, Volume: 42, Issue:9

    Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; Flatulence; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Tract; High-Intensity Interval Training; Humans; Lactulose; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Permeability; Physical Fitness; Rhamnose; Running; Severity of Illness Index; Sucrose; Young Adult

2017
Reliability of gastrointestinal barrier integrity and microbial translocation biomarkers at rest and following exertional heat stress.
    Physiological reports, 2020, Volume: 8, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Claudin-3; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; Gastrointestinal Tract; Heat Stress Disorders; Heat-Shock Response; Humans; Lactulose; Male; Physical Exertion; Rhamnose; Young Adult

2020
Serum zonulin measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay may not be a reliable marker of small intestinal permeability in healthy adults.
    Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 2020, Volume: 78

    Topics: Adult; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Haptoglobins; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Lactulose; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Permeability; Pilot Projects; Protein Precursors; Reproducibility of Results; Rhamnose

2020
Gut integrity and duodenal enteropathogen burden in undernourished children with environmental enteric dysfunction.
    PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021, Volume: 15, Issue:7

    Topics: Case-Control Studies; Child; Child Nutrition Disorders; Duodenum; Humans; Inflammation; Intestinal Diseases; Lactulose; Pakistan; Permeability; Rhamnose

2021
Resistance Exercise Increases Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Markers of Gut Permeability, and Damage in Resistance-Trained Adults.
    Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2022, 10-01, Volume: 54, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Resistance Training; Rhamnose; Weight Lifting

2022
Tryptophan oxidation in young children with environmental enteric dysfunction classified by the lactulose rhamnose ratio.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2022, 10-06, Volume: 116, Issue:4

    Topics: Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Kynurenine; Lactulose; Rhamnose; Tryptophan

2022
The effect of rugby training on indirect markers of gut permeability and gut damage in academy level rugby players.
    European journal of applied physiology, 2022, Volume: 122, Issue:12

    Topics: Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; Football; Humans; Intestines; Lactulose; Male; Permeability; Physical Fitness; Rhamnose; Rugby; Young Adult

2022
Detection of 13C-Mannitol and Other Saccharides Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Evaluation of Intestinal Permeability or Leaky Gut.
    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2022, Volume: 2546

    Topics: Carbohydrates; Carbon Isotopes; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Mannitol; Monosaccharides; Permeability; Rhamnose; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2022
Intestinal permeability in patients undergoing stem cell transplantation correlates with systemic acute phase responses and dysbiosis.
    Blood advances, 2023, 09-12, Volume: 7, Issue:17

    Topics: Acute-Phase Reaction; Child; Dysbiosis; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Lactulose; Permeability; Rhamnose; Young Adult

2023
The Systemic Availability of Indispensable Amino Acids from Orally Ingested Algal and Legume Protein in Young Children at Risk of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction.
    The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2023, Volume: 118, Issue:1

    Topics: Amino Acids; Child; Child, Preschool; Digestion; Fabaceae; Humans; Lactulose; Phenylalanine; Rhamnose; Vegetables; Vigna

2023