quinolinic acid has been researched along with picolinic acid in 41 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 4 (9.76) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 9 (21.95) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 8 (19.51) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 16 (39.02) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 4 (9.76) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Dideberg, O; Frère, JM; Galleni, M; Garau, G; Horsfall, LE; Liénard, BM; Schofield, CJ | 1 |
| Cohen, SM; Fullagar, JL; Jacobsen, JA; Miller, MT | 1 |
| Beninger, RJ; Boegman, RJ; Cockhill, J; Jhamandas, K | 1 |
| Beninger, RJ; Boegman, RJ; Jhamandas, K | 1 |
| Beninger, RJ; Bialik, M; Boegman, RJ; Jhamandas, K | 1 |
| Dykens, JA; Stern, A; Sullivan, SG | 2 |
| Shibata, Y; Takeuchi, F; Tsubouchi, R | 1 |
| Zarkovsky, AM | 1 |
| Boni, RL; Markey, SP; Naritsin, DB | 1 |
| Goda, K; Hamane, Y; Kishimoto, R; Shimizu, S; Ueda, M | 1 |
| Goodman, CB; Heyliger, SO; Ngong, JM; Soliman, KF | 1 |
| Beninger, RJ; Boegman, RJ; Flesher, S; Jhamandas, KH | 1 |
| Fukushima, K; Iwahashi, H; Kawamori, H | 1 |
| Armati, PJ; Brew, BJ; Guillemin, GJ; Kerr, SJ; Smythe, GA | 1 |
| Braga, O; Brew, BJ; Grant, RS; Guillemin, GJ; Kerr, SJ; Smythe, GA; Walker, DW | 1 |
| Chau, TT; Chu'ong, LV; Day, NP; Farrar, J; Hien, TT; Hunt, NH; Mai, NT; Medana, IM; Phu, NH; Salahifar, H; Smythe, G; Stocker, R; Taylor, A; Turner, GD; White, NJ | 1 |
| Bwanaisa, L; Day, NP; Hunt, NH; Kayira, K; Medana, IM; Njobvu, A; Salahifar-Sabet, H; Smythe, G; Stocker, R; Taylor, TE; Turner, GD | 1 |
| Ball, HJ; Hunt, NH; Mellor, AL; Miu, J | 1 |
| Bilgin, A; Coggan, SE; Grant, RS; Smythe, GA | 1 |
| Egashira, Y; Sanada, H; Sasaki, N | 1 |
| Galeazzi, L; Garavaglia, S; Perozzi, S; Raffaelli, N; Rizzi, M | 1 |
| Brew, BJ; Chen, Y; Coggan, S; Cullen, KM; Garner, B; Grant, R; Guillemin, GJ; Meininger, V; Stankovic, R | 1 |
| Garribba, E; Lodyga-Chruscinska, E; Micera, G | 1 |
| Braidy, N; Chan-Ling, T; Grant, R; Guillemin, GJ; Mansour, H | 1 |
| Buerger, K; Guillemin, GJ; Hampel, H; Schwarz, MJ; Teipel, SJ | 1 |
| Davis, I; Liu, A; Shamsi, SA; Wang, X | 1 |
| Davis, I; Liu, A; Miller, A; Shamsi, SA; Wang, X | 1 |
| Banister, SD; Guillemin, GJ; Karl, T; Kassiou, M; Lim, CK; Purves-Tyson, T; Weickert, CS; Zavitsanou, K | 1 |
| Bustamante, S; Campbell, B; Hejazi, L; Leong, RW; Pickford, R; Shin, S; Wasinger, VC; Yau, YY | 1 |
| Adams, S; Braidy, N; Brew, BJ; Bustamante, S; Guillemin, GJ; Lim, CK; McDonald, KL; Sundaram, G; Teo, C; Zinger, A | 1 |
| Fukuwatari, T; Shibata, K | 1 |
| Kaminski, T; Michalowska, M; Oksztulska-Kolanek, E; Pawlak, D; Znorko, B | 1 |
| Brundin, L; Christensen, K; Coccaro, EF; Coussons-Read, M; Erhardt, S; Fanning, JR; Fuchs, D; Goiny, M; Lee, R | 1 |
| Brundin, L; Brundin, P; Erhardt, S; Fuchs, D; Grit, J; Guillemin, GJ; Landén, M; Lim, CK; Lundgren, K; Pålsson, E; Postolache, TT; Samuelsson, M; Sellgren, CM; Traskman-Bendz, L | 1 |
| Anderson, G; Carvalho, AF; Geffard, M; Kanchanatawan, B; Maes, M; Ormstad, H; Ruxrungtham, K; Sirivichayakul, S | 1 |
| Kanchanatawan, B; Maes, M | 1 |
| Allers, KA; Harkin, A; McLoughlin, DM; Ryan, KM | 1 |
| Cseh, EK; Janáky, T; Kecskeméti, G; Kormány, R; Rajda, C; Szabó, E; Szabó, Z; Tömösi, F; Vécsei, L | 1 |
| Gökmen, V; Yılmaz, C | 1 |
| Altunçekiç Yıldırım, A; Ceran Serdar, C; Cihan, M; Doğan, Ö; Kurt, C; Serdar, MA | 1 |
1 review(s) available for quinolinic acid and picolinic acid
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
New insights into tryptophan and its metabolites in the regulation of bone metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Humans; Kynurenine; Melatonin; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Serotonin; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2015 |
2 trial(s) available for quinolinic acid and picolinic acid
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
The clinical significance of cerebrospinal fluid levels of kynurenine pathway metabolites and lactate in severe malaria.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Antimalarials; Artemether; Artemisinins; Humans; Kynurenine; Lactates; Malaria, Cerebral; Middle Aged; Picolinic Acids; Plasmodium falciparum; Quinine; Quinolinic Acid; Sesquiterpenes | 2002 |
Metabolites of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the cerebrospinal fluid of Malawian children with malaria.
Topics: Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Progression; Humans; Kynurenine; Malaria, Cerebral; Malawi; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Retrospective Studies; Tryptophan; Vietnam | 2003 |
38 other study(ies) available for quinolinic acid and picolinic acid
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Competitive inhibitors of the CphA metallo-beta-lactamase from Aeromonas hydrophila.
Topics: Aeromonas hydrophila; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; Binding, Competitive; Crystallography, X-Ray; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Picolinic Acids; Pyridines | 2007 |
Identifying chelators for metalloprotein inhibitors using a fragment-based approach.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Toxins; Chelating Agents; Copper; Drug Design; Humans; Hydroxyquinolines; Iron; Ligands; Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Recombinant Proteins; Small Molecule Libraries; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfonamides; Zinc | 2011 |
Action of picolinic acid and structurally related pyridine carboxylic acids on quinolinic acid-induced cortical cholinergic damage.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Ibotenic Acid; Kainic Acid; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Quisqualic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1992 |
Neurotoxicity of tryptophan metabolites.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Kynurenic Acid; Male; NADP; Nervous System Diseases; Neurons; Picolinic Acids; Pyridines; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tryptophan | 1990 |
Quinolinate-induced cortical cholinergic damage: modulation by tryptophan metabolites.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; In Vitro Techniques; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Neurotoxins; Parietal Lobe; Picolinic Acids; Potassium; Quinolines; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tryptophan | 1990 |
Glucose metabolism and hemoglobin reactivity in human red blood cells exposed to the tryptophan metabolites 3-hydroxyanthranilate, quinolinate and picolinate.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Erythrocytes; Formates; Glucose; Glycolysis; Hemoglobins; Humans; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Pentetic Acid; Pentose Phosphate Pathway; Picolinic Acids; Pyridines; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Superoxide Dismutase | 1989 |
Oxidative reactivity of the tryptophan metabolites 3-hydroxyanthranilate, cinnabarinate, quinolinate and picolinate.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Catalase; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Oxazines; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Picolinic Acids; Pyridines; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Superoxide Dismutase; Tryptophan | 1987 |
Effect of tryptophan metabolites on the activities of rat liver pyridoxal kinase and pyridoxamine 5-phosphate oxidase in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Kinetics; Kynurenic Acid; Liver; Male; Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors; Phosphotransferases; Picolinic Acids; Pyridoxal Kinase; Pyridoxaminephosphate Oxidase; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tryptamines; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1985 |
The inhibitory effect of endogenous convulsants quinolinic acid and kynurenine on the pentobarbital stimulation of [3H]flunitrazepam binding.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Flurazepam; Kinetics; Kynurenine; Male; Pentobarbital; Picolinic Acids; Pyridines; Quinolinic Acid; Quinolinic Acids; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, GABA-A | 1986 |
Pentafluorobenzylation method for quantification of acidic tryptophan metabolites using electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry.
Topics: Fluorobenzenes; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Picolinic Acids; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Quinolinic Acid; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1995 |
Quinolinic acid and active oxygens. Possible contribution of active Oxygens during cell death in the brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cell Death; Cytochrome c Group; DNA Damage; Ferric Compounds; Lipid Peroxidation; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxides; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances | 1996 |
The analgesic effects of tryptophan and its metabolites in the rat.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Hypolipidemic Agents; Iron Chelating Agents; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Pain; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Reflex; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 1998 |
Role of zinc in blockade of excitotoxic action of quinolinic acid by picolinic acid.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Chelating Agents; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Excitatory Amino Acids; Male; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Zinc | 1998 |
Quinolinic acid, alpha-picolinic acid, fusaric acid, and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid enhance the Fenton reaction in phosphate buffer.
Topics: Buffers; Cations, Divalent; Chlorogenic Acid; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Ferrous Compounds; Fusaric Acid; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydroxyl Radical; Phosphates; Picolinic Acids; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Quinolinic Acid; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 1999 |
Kynurenine pathway metabolism in human astrocytes.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-Dioxygenase; Astrocytes; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Dioxygenases; Fetus; Humans; Hydrolases; Kynurenine; Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Oxygenases; Pentosyltransferases; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Transcription, Genetic; Tryptophan Oxygenase | 1999 |
Concurrent quantification of quinolinic, picolinic, and nicotinic acids using electron-capture negative-ion gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Animals; Female; Fetus; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Kynurenine; Niacin; Niacinamide; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Sheep | 2002 |
Effect of indoleamine dioxygenase-1 deficiency and kynurenine pathway inhibition on murine cerebral malaria.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase; Malaria, Cerebral; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; RNA, Messenger; Sulfonamides; Thiazoles; Tryptophan Oxygenase | 2009 |
Age and circadian influences on picolinic acid concentrations in human cerebrospinal fluid.
Topics: Aging; Analysis of Variance; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Central Nervous System Diseases; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Kynurenine; Male; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Spinal Puncture; Statistics as Topic | 2009 |
Production of L-tryptophan-derived catabolites in hepatocytes from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Carboxy-Lyases; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Hepatocytes; Kynurenine; Male; Niacinamide; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Tritium; Tryptophan; Water | 2009 |
The crystal structure of human alpha-amino-beta-carboxymuconate-epsilon-semialdehyde decarboxylase in complex with 1,3-dihydroxyacetonephosphate suggests a regulatory link between NAD synthesis and glycolysis.
Topics: Carboxy-Lyases; Crystallography, X-Ray; Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate; Glycolysis; Humans; NAD; Picolinic Acids; Protein Binding; Quinolinic Acid; Signal Transduction | 2009 |
The kynurenine pathway and inflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Brain; Female; HLA-DR Antigens; Humans; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Inflammation; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Signal Transduction; Spinal Cord; Tryptophan | 2010 |
Complex formation in aqueous solution and in the solid state of the potent insulin-enhancing V(IV)O2+ compounds formed by picolinate and quinolinate derivatives.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Models, Molecular; Oxides; Picolinic Acids; Potentiometry; Quantum Theory; Quinolinic Acid; Spectrum Analysis; Vanadium Compounds | 2011 |
Changes in kynurenine pathway metabolism in the brain, liver and kidney of aged female Wistar rats.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Kidney; Kynurenine; Liver; Pentosyltransferases; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction; Transaminases; Tryptophan; Tryptophan Oxygenase | 2011 |
Increased 3-hydroxykynurenine serum concentrations differentiate Alzheimer's disease patients from controls.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Biomarkers; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cognition Disorders; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Tryptophan | 2013 |
Development of a CZE-ESI-MS assay with a sulfonated capillary for profiling picolinic acid and quinolinic acid formation in multienzyme system.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-Dioxygenase; 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Buffers; Carboxy-Lyases; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Multienzyme Complexes; Picolinic Acids; Pressure; Quinolinic Acid; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization | 2013 |
Improved separation and detection of picolinic acid and quinolinic acid by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: application to analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid.
Topics: Acetonitriles; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Humans; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Picolinic Acids; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Quinolinic Acid; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2013 |
Effect of maternal immune activation on the kynurenine pathway in preadolescent rat offspring and on MK801-induced hyperlocomotion in adulthood: amelioration by COX-2 inhibition.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Celecoxib; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Female; Gestational Age; Hyperkinesis; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Picolinic Acids; Poly I-C; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Pyrazoles; Quinolinic Acid; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Schizophrenia; Sexual Maturation; Sulfonamides; Tryptophan | 2014 |
Bimodal plasma metabolomics strategy identifies novel inflammatory metabolites in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Topics: Adult; Angiotensin II; Case-Control Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Female; G(M3) Ganglioside; Histidine; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Kynurenine; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Picolinic Acids; Pilot Projects; Quinolinic Acid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Young Adult | 2014 |
Involvement of the kynurenine pathway in human glioma pathophysiology.
Topics: Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Astrocytes; Biosynthetic Pathways; Brain Neoplasms; Carboxy-Lyases; CD11b Antigen; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disaccharides; Gene Expression; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Glioma; Glucuronates; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; Interferon-gamma; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tryptophan; Tryptophan Oxygenase; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2014 |
Large amounts of picolinic acid are lethal but small amounts increase the conversion of tryptophan-nicotinamide in rats.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Carboxy-Lyases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Iron Chelating Agents; Kynurenic Acid; Liver; Male; Niacinamide; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Pentosyltransferases; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2014 |
Tryptophan, kynurenine, and kynurenine metabolites: Relationship to lifetime aggression and inflammatory markers in human subjects.
Topics: Adult; Aggression; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Tryptophan | 2016 |
An enzyme in the kynurenine pathway that governs vulnerability to suicidal behavior by regulating excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alleles; Carboxy-Lyases; Case-Control Studies; Child; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; Picolinic Acids; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Quinolinic Acid; Self-Injurious Behavior; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide, Attempted; Young Adult | 2016 |
Deficit, but Not Nondeficit, Schizophrenia Is Characterized by Mucosa-Associated Activation of the Tryptophan Catabolite (TRYCAT) Pathway with Highly Specific Increases in IgA Responses Directed to Picolinic, Xanthurenic, and Quinolinic Acid.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Schizophrenia; Xanthurenates; Young Adult | 2018 |
The Effects of Tryptophan Catabolites on Negative Symptoms and Deficit Schizophrenia are Partly Mediated by Executive Impairments: Results of Partial Least Squares Path Modeling.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cognition Disorders; Executive Function; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin M; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Picolinic Acids; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Quinolinic Acid; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates; Young Adult | 2018 |
Tryptophan metabolite concentrations in depressed patients before and after electroconvulsive therapy.
Topics: 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid; Affect; Case-Control Studies; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Tryptophan; Xanthurenates | 2020 |
A validated UHPLC-MS method for tryptophan metabolites: Application in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Calibration; Case-Control Studies; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Reference Standards; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tryptophan; Young Adult | 2020 |
Formation of amino acid derivatives in white and red wines during fermentation: Effects of non-Saccharomyces yeasts and Oenococcus oeni.
Topics: Amino Acids; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Oenococcus; Picolinic Acids; Quinolinic Acid; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomycetales; Torulaspora; Tryptophan; Wine | 2021 |
Kynurenine pathway in Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Potential role in prognosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; COVID-19; Female; Humans; Kynurenic Acid; Kynurenine; Male; Middle Aged; Picolinic Acids; Prognosis; Quinolinic Acid; SARS-CoV-2; Tryptophan | 2022 |