pyrophosphate and zinc-chloride

To test the hypothesis that anticalculus agents cannot completely inhibit calculus formation but can influence the types of calcium phosphate which form, i.e., they can influence the composition of the inorganic component of human dental calculus (HDC).. The composition of HDC specimens obtained from a 16-week multi-center clinical study using three regimens were analyzed, investigators blinded. The treatment regimens were: (a) standard dentifrice (SD), (b) pyrophosphate antitartar dentifrice, and (c) SD with Tartar Control Listerine Antiseptic mouthrinse (containing essential oils and 0.09% zinc chloride). 25 individual samples and eight pooled samples from each group were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.. (1) relative frequency of occurrence for: (a) bacteria: Group A = 100%, Group B = 60%, and Group C = 25%; (b) Carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHA): Groups A, B, and C = 100%; (c) dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD): Group A = 55%; Group B = 45%; Group C = 80%; (2) The relative amount of DCPD is inversely proportional to that of CHA in HDC: the higher the amount of DCPD, the lower the amount of CHA. Group C regimen with essential oil/ZnCl2 mouthrinse and standard dentifrice showed a significant anti-microbial effect and favored the formation of DCPD, the most soluble Ca-P.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacteria; Calcium Phosphates; Chlorides; Dental Calculus; Dentifrices; Diphosphates; Double-Blind Method; Durapatite; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Organic Chemicals; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; X-Ray Diffraction; Zinc Compounds

A 3-year double blind clinical trial was conducted to compare the caries inhibition of an A.D.A.-accepted fluoride dentifrice to the caries inhibitions provided by three fluoride dentifrices containing anticalculus agents. All dentifrices used a compatible silicon dioxide abrasive system. The initial mean age of the subjects was 9.9 yrs and they resided in F-deficient (F less than 0.3 ppm) communities on Long Island, NY. Caries activity in all groups was low with the average annual increment being less than one surface. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the dental parameters tested, DMFS, DMFT, and buccolingual, mesiodistal and occlusal surface increments. It was concluded that the presence of anticalculus agents, specifically soluble pyrophosphates, zinc chloride and zinc oxide, do not interfere with the caries inhibition benefits of fluoride in a compatible dentifrice formulation.

Topics: Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride; Child; Chlorides; Citrates; Citric Acid; Dental Calculus; Dental Caries; Dentifrices; Diphosphates; Double-Blind Method; Drug Interactions; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; New York; Sodium Fluoride; Zinc; Zinc Compounds

Topics: Adult; Chlorides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dental Calculus; Dentifrices; Diphosphates; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Zinc; Zinc Compounds

Topics: Child; Chlorides; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dental Calculus; Dental Caries; Dentifrices; Diphosphates; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fluorides; Humans; Male; Phosphates; Sodium Fluoride; Toothpastes; Zinc; Zinc Compounds

A novel fluorescent sensor composed of a naphthalene functionalized tetraazamacrocycle ligand 3,6,9,15-tetraazabicyclo[9.3.1]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene-3-methyl naphthalene (1) and Zn(2+) has been designed and prepared, which can be utilized for selective and ratiometric sensing of pyrophosphate (PPi) over other phosphate-containing anions in aqueous solution at physiological pH. Notably, the water soluble 1 itself also exhibits a selective enhanced fluorescent response to Zn(2+), and the complex 1-Zn(2+) thus formed eventually fulfils the synergic Zn(2+) coordination-altered strategy with PPi. Furthermore, the ratiometric sensing of 1-Zn(2+) towards PPi performed well even in blood serum milieu. Finally, the sensor 1-Zn(2+) was successfully employed to monitor a real-time assay of inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) by means of ratiometric fluorescent measurements for the first time.

Topics: Anions; Biosensing Techniques; Cations, Divalent; Chlorides; Diphosphates; Enzyme Assays; Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inorganic Pyrophosphatase; Ligands; Molecular Structure; Organometallic Compounds; Serum; Solutions; Water; Zinc; Zinc Compounds

Topics: Adult; Aged; Chlorides; Dental Calculus; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dentifrices; Diphosphates; Female; Humans; Male; Methyl Ethers; Middle Aged; Minerals; Polyvinyls; Sodium Fluoride; Zinc; Zinc Compounds