pyrophosphate and phosphoramidic-acid

The literature on chemical (i.e., nonenzymic) phosphorylation of amino acids, peptides, and proteins is reviewed through 1982. The review covers synthetic methods, chemical reactions, and physical properties, with emphasis on the techniques used for separation and characterization of the products. Synthetic methods are classified by reagent rather than product, and are illustrated by experimental procedures for the most important methods. Chemical reactions are classified into four groups depending on whether the reaction site is the phospho group, the amino group, the carboxyl group, or in the case of serine the hydroxyl group. Physical data are given for all of the known N-, O-, and S-phospho derivatives of the amino acids, peptides, and proteins, within certain limitations, and are discussed in detail in the section on physical properties. Emphasis is given to the techniques used for separation of the products, such as chromatography and electrophoresis, and for characterization of the products, particularly spectroscopy. Medical and other uses of the products are mentioned.

Topics: Aldehydes; Amides; Amino Acids, Sulfur; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical; Chromatography; Diphosphates; Electrophoresis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Ions; Isomerism; Kinetics; Metals; Methods; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; Peptides; Phosphates; Phosphoproteins; Phosphoric Acids; Phosphorus; Phosphorus Acids; Phosphorus Compounds; Phosphorylation; Protein Conformation; Spectrum Analysis

[reaction: see text] A novel method for the preparation of nucleoside triphosphates has been developed. The strategy employs a highly reactive pyrrolidinium phosphoramidate zwitterion intermediate that undergoes efficient coupling with tris(tetra-n-butylammonium) hydrogen pyrophosphate to generate nucleoside triphosphate.

Topics: Amides; Diphosphates; Nucleotides; Phosphoric Acids; Pyrrolidines; Thymidine; Thymine Nucleotides