pyrithiobac-sodium and imazethapyr

Lithospermum arvense is a troublesome dicotyledonous winter annual weed of wheat in China. A L. arvense population (HN01) suspected of being resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors was found in Henan Province, China. This study aimed to testify the sensitivity of this HN01 population to eight herbicides from 3 different modes of action, and to explore the potential target-site-resistance mechanism to tribenuron-methyl. The whole-plant bioassays indicated that the population was highly resistant to tribenuron-methyl (SU, 350-fold), pyrithiobac sodium (PTB, 151-fold), pyroxsulam (TP, 62.7-fold), florasulam (TP, 80.6-fold), and imazethapyr (IMI, 136-fold), but was sensitive to carfentrazone-ethyl and fluroxypyr-meptyl. ALS gene sequencing revealed that the Trp (TGG) was substituted by Leu (TTG) at codon 574 in resistant plants. In in vitro ALS assays, the concentration of tribenuron-methyl required to inhibit 50% ALS activity (I

Topics: Acetolactate Synthase; Arylsulfonates; Benzoates; Herbicide Resistance; Herbicides; Lithospermum; Mutation; Nicotinic Acids; Plant Proteins; Pyrimidines; Sulfonamides

Water chickweed (Myosoton aquaticum L.), a competitive broadleaf weed, is widespread in wheat fields in China. Tribenuron and pyroxsulam failed to control water chickweed in the same field in Qiaotian Village in 2011 and 2012, respectively. An initial tribenuron resistance confirmation test identified a resistant population (AH02). ALS gene sequencing revealed a previously unreported substitution of Glu for Pro at amino acid position 197 in resistant individuals. A purified subpopulation (WRR04) that was individually homozygous for the Pro197Glu substitution was generated and characterized in terms of its response to different classes of ALS inhibitors. A whole-plant experiment showed that the WRR04 population exhibited broad-spectrum resistance to tribenuron (SU, 318-fold), pyrithiobac sodium (PTB, > 197-fold), pyroxsulam (TP, 81-fold), florasulam (TP, > 36-fold) and imazethapyr (IMI, 11-fold). An in vitro ALS assay confirmed that the ALS from WRR04 showed high resistance to all the tested ALS inhibitors. These results established that the Pro197Glu substitution endows broad-spectrum resistance across ALS inhibitors in water chickweed. In addition, molecular markers were developed to rapidly identify the Pro197Glu mutation.

Topics: Acetolactate Synthase; Amino Acid Substitution; Arylsulfonates; Base Sequence; Benzoates; Caryophyllaceae; DNA, Plant; Herbicide Resistance; Herbicides; Nicotinic Acids; Plant Weeds; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pyrimidines; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sulfonamides