Compounds > pyrimidine dimers
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pyrimidine dimers and deoxyguanosine

pyrimidine dimers has been researched along with deoxyguanosine in 34 studies

Research

Studies (34)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19901 (2.94)18.7374
1990's4 (11.76)18.2507
2000's20 (58.82)29.6817
2010's9 (26.47)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Duker, NJ; Merkel, GW1
Hattori, Y; Hiai, H; Imamura, S; Nikaido, O; Nishigori, C; Osawa, T; Tanaka, T; Toyokuni, S; Uchida, K1
Kvam, E; Tyrrell, RM1
Ahmad, J; Bleiker, TO; Burd, RM; Cooke, MS; Evans, MD; Hussieni, A; Hutchinson, PE; Lunec, J; Patel, K1
Guo, D; Rajpal, DK; Taylor, JS; Wang, M; Wang, Z; Wu, X; Yuan, F; Zhang, Y1
Ahmed, NU; Ichihashi, M; Nikaido, O; Osawa, T; Ueda, M1
Ahmed, NU; Bito, T; Budiyanto, A; Ichihashi, M; Osawa, T; Ueda, M; Wu, A1
Cooke, MS; Herbert, KE; Ladapo, A; Lunec, J; Mistry, N1
Ahmed, NU; Bito, T; Budiyanto, A; Ichihashi, M; Nikaido, O; Osawa, T; Ueda, M; Wu, A1
Barnard, A; Burd, RM; Cooke, MS; Evans, MD; Hutchinson, PE; Lunec, J; Patel, K1
Cadet, J; Douki, T; Pouget, JP; Ravanat, JL; Sauvaigo, S1
Hohlfeld, P; Laurent-Applegate, L; Liardet, S; Panizzon, R; Scaletta, C1
Lebwohl, M; Wang, Y; Wei, H; Zhang, X1
Budiyanto, A; Ichihashi, M; Ueda, M; Ueda, T1
Hara, R; Sancar, A1
Arlett, C; Beckett, GJ; Green, MH; Hunter, JA; Lowe, JE; McKenzie, RC; Rafferty, TS1
Besaratinia, A; Pfeifer, GP; Synold, TW; Xi, B1
Angelov, D; Beylot, B; Spassky, A1
Iizuka, H; Ishida-Yamamoto, A; Nakajima, S; Sakata, I; Takahashi, H1
Afaq, F; Hadi, N; Khan, N; Kweon, MH; Malik, A; Mukhtar, H; Sarfaraz, S; Syed, DN; Zaid, MA1
Baudouin, C; Cadet, J; Charveron, M; Douki, T; Favier, A; Mouret, S1
Hieda, K; Higashi, S; Ikehata, H; Imai, M; Kasai, H; Kawai, K; Komura, J; Nikaido, O; Ono, T; Sakatsume, K; Wang, L; Watanabe, M; Yamamoto, K1
Arad, S; Epstein, EH; Gilchrest, BA; Goukassian, DA; Hebert, J; Zattra, E1
Breeger, S; Carell, T; Strasser, R; Winnacker, M1
Arad, S; Bord, E; Coleman, C; El-Hajahmad, M; Gonzalez, S; Goukassian, DA; Guillaume, A; Helms, E; Kishore, R; Levine, D; van Steeg, H; Zattra, E; Zwart, E1
Bevan, RJ; Dove, R; Halligan, EP; Lunec, J; Mistry, N; Patel, PR1
Cho, S; Chung, JH; Kim, SM; Lee, DH; Lee, MJ; Lee, S; Won, CH1
Gordon-Thomson, C; Gupta, R; Halliday, GM; Mason, RS; Ryan, A; Tongkao-on, W1
Cole, L; Damian, DL; Gordon-Thomson, C; Halliday, GM; Mason, RS; Reeve, VE; Song, EJ; Stern, H1
Damian, DL; Halliday, GM; Surjana, D1
Bolfa, P; Catoi, C; Clichici, S; Damian, G; Dezmirean, D; Filip, A; Petruta, A; Stan, L; Vidrighinescu, R; Vlase, L1
Berry, JL; Cooke, MS; de Gruijl, FR; Felton, SJ; Kift, R; Lam, PM; Rhodes, LE; Vail, A; Webb, AR1
Angeli, JPF; Bianchini Sanchez, A; de Medeiros, MHG; Di Mascio, P; Garcia, CCM; Menck, CFM; Mendes, D; Moreno, NC; Rocha, CRR; Schuch, AP; Severino, D; Yagura, T1
Egli, M; Guengerich, FP; Su, Y1

Reviews

2 review(s) available for pyrimidine dimers and deoxyguanosine

ArticleYear
Effects of UV and visible radiations on cellular DNA.
    Current problems in dermatology, 2001, Volume: 29

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Biomarkers; Deoxyguanosine; DNA; DNA Adducts; DNA Damage; DNA Ligases; Forecasting; Humans; Light; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Photochemistry; Photosensitivity Disorders; Pyrimidine Dimers; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Reactive Oxygen Species; Skin Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Rays

2001
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 reduces several types of UV-induced DNA damage and contributes to photoprotection.
    The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 2013, Volume: 136

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Calcitriol; Deoxyguanosine; DNA Damage; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Guanosine; Humans; Nitro Compounds; Pyrimidine Dimers; Reactive Nitrogen Species; Reactive Oxygen Species; Skin; Sunscreening Agents; Ultraviolet Rays

2013

Trials

3 trial(s) available for pyrimidine dimers and deoxyguanosine

ArticleYear
Induction and excretion of ultraviolet-induced 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and thymine dimers in vivo: implications for PUVA.
    The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2001, Volume: 116, Issue:2

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Deoxyguanosine; DNA Damage; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Psoriasis; PUVA Therapy; Pyrimidine Dimers; Reproducibility of Results; Skin Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Rays

2001
Protection against pyrimidine dimers, p53, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine expression in ultraviolet-irradiated human skin by sunscreens: difference between UVB + UVA and UVB alone sunscreens.
    The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2001, Volume: 117, Issue:6

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Deoxyguanosine; DNA Damage; Erythema; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Middle Aged; Pyrimidine Dimers; Skin; Sunscreening Agents; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Ultraviolet Rays

2001
Differential effects of low-dose and high-dose beta-carotene supplementation on the signs of photoaging and type I procollagen gene expression in human skin in vivo.
    Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland), 2010, Volume: 221, Issue:2

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Aged; Antioxidants; beta Carotene; Collagen Type I; Deoxyguanosine; Dietary Supplements; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fibrillin-1; Fibrillins; Gene Expression; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Microfilament Proteins; Middle Aged; Pyrimidine Dimers; Skin; Skin Aging; Ultraviolet Rays

2010

Other Studies

29 other study(ies) available for pyrimidine dimers and deoxyguanosine

ArticleYear
Inhibition of enzymic incision of thymine dimers by covalently bound 2-[N-[(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)acetyl]amino]fluorene in deoxyribonucleic acid.
    Biochemistry, 1985, Jan-15, Volume: 24, Issue:2

    Topics: 2-Acetylaminofluorene; Deoxyguanosine; DNA; DNA Glycosylases; DNA Repair; N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; Pyrimidine Dimers; Ultraviolet Rays

1985
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine is increased in epidermal cells of hairless mice after chronic ultraviolet B exposure.
    The Journal of investigative dermatology, 1996, Volume: 107, Issue:5

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Deoxyguanosine; Male; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Pyrimidine Dimers; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Tyrosine; Ultraviolet Rays

1996
Induction of oxidative DNA base damage in human skin cells by UV and near visible radiation.
    Carcinogenesis, 1997, Volume: 18, Issue:12

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Cells, Cultured; Deoxyguanosine; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Fibroblasts; Humans; Melanoma; Oxidation-Reduction; Pyrimidine Dimers; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Spectrum Analysis; Ultraviolet Rays

1997
Urinary thymine dimers and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in psoriasis.
    FEBS letters, 1999, Nov-05, Volume: 460, Issue:3

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Deoxyguanosine; DNA Damage; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Poly T; Psoriasis; PUVA Therapy; Pyrimidine Dimers; Risk Assessment

1999
Specificity of DNA lesion bypass by the yeast DNA polymerase eta.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 2000, Mar-17, Volume: 275, Issue:11

    Topics: 2-Acetylaminofluorene; Apurinic Acid; Deoxyguanosine; DNA Damage; DNA Polymerase iota; DNA Replication; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; DNA, Fungal; Guanine; Polynucleotides; Pyrimidine Dimers; Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2000
High levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine appear in normal human epidermis after a single dose of ultraviolet radiation.
    The British journal of dermatology, 1999, Volume: 140, Issue:2

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Deoxyguanosine; Epidermis; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Pyrimidine Dimers; Ultraviolet Rays

1999
Preventive effect of antioxidant on ultraviolet-induced skin cancer in mice.
    Journal of dermatological science, 2000, Volume: 23 Suppl 1

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Administration, Topical; Animals; Antioxidants; Deoxyguanosine; Female; Humans; Mice; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Olive Oil; Plant Oils; Pyrimidine Dimers; Reactive Oxygen Species; Skin Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Rays

2000
Immunochemical quantitation of UV-induced oxidative and dimeric DNA damage to human keratinocytes.
    Free radical research, 2000, Volume: 33, Issue:4

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Cell Line, Transformed; Deoxyguanosine; DNA Damage; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Immunohistochemistry; Keratinocytes; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Oxidation-Reduction; Pyrimidine Dimers; Simian virus 40; Skin Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Rays

2000
Protective effect of topically applied olive oil against photocarcinogenesis following UVB exposure of mice.
    Carcinogenesis, 2000, Volume: 21, Issue:11

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Administration, Topical; Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Deoxyguanosine; Female; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Olive Oil; Plant Oils; Pyrimidine Dimers; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Ultraviolet Rays

2000
Inhibition of ultraviolet light-induced oxidative events in the skin and internal organs of hairless mice by isoflavone genistein.
    Cancer letters, 2002, Nov-08, Volume: 185, Issue:1

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Brain; Cattle; Deoxyguanosine; DNA Damage; Female; Genistein; Hydrogen Peroxide; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Liver; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Pyrimidine Dimers; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Rays

2002
Formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in mouse and organ-cultured human skin by irradiation with broadband or with narrowband UVB.
    Photochemistry and photobiology, 2002, Volume: 76, Issue:4

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Deoxyguanosine; DNA Damage; Female; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Organ Culture Techniques; Pyrimidine Dimers; Skin; Ultraviolet Rays

2002
Effect of damage type on stimulation of human excision nuclease by SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling factor.
    Molecular and cellular biology, 2003, Volume: 23, Issue:12

    Topics: 2-Acetylaminofluorene; Base Sequence; Chromatin; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; Deoxyguanosine; Deoxyribonuclease I; Deoxyribonucleases; Dimerization; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Endodeoxyribonucleases; Escherichia coli Proteins; HeLa Cells; Humans; Light; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleosomes; Pyrimidine Dimers; Time Factors; Transcription Factors

2003
Effects of selenium compounds on induction of DNA damage by broadband ultraviolet radiation in human keratinocytes.
    The British journal of dermatology, 2003, Volume: 148, Issue:5

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Analysis of Variance; Cells, Cultured; Comet Assay; Deoxyguanosine; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Humans; Keratinocytes; Pyrimidine Dimers; Selenium; Selenomethionine; Sodium Selenite; Ultraviolet Rays

2003
G-to-T transversions and small tandem base deletions are the hallmark of mutations induced by ultraviolet a radiation in mammalian cells.
    Biochemistry, 2004, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:25

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Survival; Deoxyguanosine; Deoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer); DNA; DNA Adducts; DNA Damage; DNA Mutational Analysis; Embryo, Mammalian; Fibroblasts; Gene Deletion; Guanine; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis; Pyrimidine Dimers; Thymidine; Transcription Factors; Transgenes; Ultraviolet Rays; Viral Proteins

2004
Origin of the heterogeneous distribution of the yield of guanyl radical in UV laser photolyzed DNA.
    Biophysical journal, 2005, Volume: 88, Issue:4

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Base Sequence; Biophysical Phenomena; Biophysics; Cations; Deoxyguanosine; Dimerization; DNA; DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase; Edetic Acid; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Free Radicals; Guanine; Ions; Lasers; Models, Chemical; Models, Statistical; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Oligonucleotides; Oxazolone; Oxygen; Photolysis; Photons; Piperidines; Polymers; Pyrimidine Dimers; RNA; Spectrophotometry; Temperature; Ultraviolet Rays

2005
ATX-S10(Na)-photodynamic therapy is less carcinogenic for mouse skin compared with ultraviolet B irradiation.
    The British journal of dermatology, 2005, Volume: 153, Issue:6

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Deoxyguanosine; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Female; Keratinocytes; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Photochemotherapy; Porphyrins; Pyrimidine Dimers; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Therapy

2005
Delphinidin, an anthocyanidin in pigmented fruits and vegetables, protects human HaCaT keratinocytes and mouse skin against UVB-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis.
    The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2007, Volume: 127, Issue:1

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Anthocyanins; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Caspases; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Deoxyguanosine; Humans; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Keratinocytes; Lipid Peroxidation; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Oxidative Stress; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Pyrimidine Dimers; Radiation-Protective Agents; Skin

2007
Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers are predominant DNA lesions in whole human skin exposed to UVA radiation.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006, Sep-12, Volume: 103, Issue:37

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Cells, Cultured; Deoxyguanosine; DNA; DNA Damage; Humans; Pyrimidine Dimers; Skin; Ultraviolet Rays

2006
UVA1 genotoxicity is mediated not by oxidative damage but by cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in normal mouse skin.
    The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2008, Volume: 128, Issue:9

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Cytosine; Deoxyguanosine; DNA; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Epidermal Cells; Epidermis; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Mutation; Oxidative Stress; Pyrimidine Dimers; Reactive Oxygen Species; Skin; Thymine; Ultraviolet Rays

2008
Topical thymidine dinucleotide treatment reduces development of ultraviolet-induced basal cell carcinoma in Ptch-1+/- mice.
    The American journal of pathology, 2008, Volume: 172, Issue:5

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Apoptosis; Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Cell Nucleus; Cell Size; Deoxyguanosine; Humans; Mice; Patched Receptors; Patched-1 Receptor; Pyrimidine Dimers; Receptors, Cell Surface; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Thymine Nucleotides; Ultraviolet Rays

2008
Novel diazirine-containing DNA photoaffinity probes for the investigation of DNA-protein-interactions.
    Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology, 2009, Jan-05, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Base Sequence; Deoxyguanosine; Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase; Diazomethane; DNA Probes; DNA Repair; DNA Repair Enzymes; DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase; Escherichia coli; Humans; Lactococcus lactis; Light; Photoaffinity Labels; Protein Binding; Pyrimidine Dimers; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins

2009
Polypodium leucotomos extract decreases UV-induced Cox-2 expression and inflammation, enhances DNA repair, and decreases mutagenesis in hairless mice.
    The American journal of pathology, 2009, Volume: 175, Issue:5

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Cyclooxygenase 2; Deoxyguanosine; Dietary Supplements; DNA Mutational Analysis; DNA Repair; Humans; Inflammation; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Mutagenesis; Plant Extracts; Polypodium; Pyrimidine Dimers; Skin; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Ultraviolet Rays

2009
Can vitamin C induce nucleotide excision repair? Support from in vitro evidence.
    The British journal of nutrition, 2010, Volume: 103, Issue:5

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Apoptosis; Ascorbic Acid; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Deoxyguanosine; DNA; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Gene Expression; Genetic Markers; Genomics; Glyoxal; Humans; Iron; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Models, Biological; Pyrimidine Dimers; Reactive Oxygen Species; Vitamins

2010
1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhances cellular defences against UV-induced oxidative and other forms of DNA damage in skin.
    Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology, 2012, Volume: 11, Issue:12

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Comet Assay; Deoxyguanosine; Deoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer); Deoxyribonuclease IV (Phage T4-Induced); DNA Damage; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Immunohistochemistry; Keratinocytes; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Nitric Oxide Donors; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Oxidative Stress; Pyrimidine Dimers; Radiation-Protective Agents; Ultraviolet Rays; Viral Proteins; Vitamin D

2012
Nicotinamide enhances repair of ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage in human keratinocytes and ex vivo skin.
    Carcinogenesis, 2013, Volume: 34, Issue:5

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Cell Line; Deoxyguanosine; DNA; DNA Damage; DNA Glycosylases; DNA Repair; Humans; Keratinocytes; Niacinamide; Pyrimidine Dimers; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Ultraviolet Rays

2013
Photoprotective effects of Romanian propolis on skin of mice exposed to UVB irradiation.
    Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2013, Volume: 62

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Administration, Topical; Animals; Antioxidants; Caspase 3; Deoxyguanosine; Female; Glutathione; Hyperplasia; Interleukin-6; Mice; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Polyphenols; Propolis; Pyrimidine Dimers; Radiation-Protective Agents; Radiodermatitis; Romania; Skin; Ultraviolet Rays

2013
Concurrent beneficial (vitamin D production) and hazardous (cutaneous DNA damage) impact of repeated low-level summer sunlight exposures.
    The British journal of dermatology, 2016, Volume: 175, Issue:6

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adolescent; Adult; Asia, Southeastern; Biomarkers; Deoxyguanosine; Diet; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrimidine Dimers; Seasons; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Pigmentation; Sunlight; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Young Adult

2016
Direct participation of DNA in the formation of singlet oxygen and base damage under UVA irradiation.
    Free radical biology & medicine, 2017, Volume: 108

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Cattle; Cell-Free System; Deoxyguanosine; DNA; DNA Damage; Oxidative Stress; Photosensitivity Disorders; Pyrimidine Dimers; Singlet Oxygen; Sodium Chloride; Sunlight; Thymus Gland; Ultraviolet Rays

2017
Human DNA polymerase η accommodates RNA for strand extension.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 2017, 11-03, Volume: 292, Issue:44

    Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Base Pair Mismatch; Deoxyguanosine; DNA Primers; DNA Replication; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; Humans; Kinetics; Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Oligoribonucleotides; Pyrimidine Dimers; Recombinant Proteins; Reverse Transcription; RNA; Substrate Specificity; Transcription Elongation, Genetic

2017