pulegone and estragole

Topics: Agastache; Allylbenzene Derivatives; Anisoles; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Eugenol; Humans; Mentha; Oils, Volatile; Steam

A straightforward GC-MS method was developed to determine the occurrence of fourteen flavouring compounds in food. It was successfully validated for four generic types of food (liquids, semi-solids, dry solids and fatty solids) in terms of limit of quantification, linearity, selectivity, matrix effects, recovery (53-120%) and repeatability (3-22%). The method was applied to a survey of 61 Dutch food products. The survey was designed to cover all the food commodities for which the EU Regulation 1334/2008 set maximum permitted levels. All samples were compliant with EU legislation. However, the levels of coumarin (0.6-63 mg/kg) may result in an exposure that, in case of children, would exceed the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.1mg/kg bw/day. In addition to coumarin, estragole, methyl-eugenol, (R)-(+)-pulegone and thujone were EU-regulated substances detected in thirty-one of the products. The non-EU regulated alkenylbenzenes, trans-anethole and myristicin, were commonly present in beverages and in herbs-containing products.

Topics: Allylbenzene Derivatives; Anisoles; Benzyl Compounds; Beverages; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Coumarins; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Dioxolanes; Eugenol; Flavoring Agents; Food Analysis; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Limit of Detection; Monoterpenes; Pyrogallol; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results

The aim of this research was to determine the chemical composition and nematicidal activity of essential oil of Agastache rugosa flowering aerial parts against the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, and to isolate and identify any nematicidal constituents from the essential oil. The essential oil of A. rugosa aerial parts was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. A total of 37 components of the essential oil were identified, with the principal compounds being methyleugenol (50.51%), estragole (8.55%), and eugenol (7.54%), followed by thymol (3.62%), pulegone (2.56%), limonene (2.49%) and caryophyllene (2.38%). Based on bioactivity-guided fractionation, the three active constituents were isolated from the essential oil and identified as methyleugenol, estragole and eugenol. The essential oil of A. rugosa exhibited strong nematicidal activity against M. incognita, with a LC50 value of 47.3 μg/mL. The components eugenol (LC50 = 66.6 μg/mL) and methyleugenol (LC50 = 89.4 μg/mL) exhibited stronger nematicidal activity against M. incognita (LC50 = 185.9 μg/mL). The results indicate that the essential oil of A. rugosa aerial parts and its constituent compounds have potential for development into natural nematicides for control of the root knot nematode.

Topics: Agastache; Allylbenzene Derivatives; Animals; Anisoles; Antinematodal Agents; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Cyclohexenes; Eugenol; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Lethal Dose 50; Limonene; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes; Thymol; Tylenchoidea

A new, simple and versatile method is presented for the determination of different concentration levels of alkenylbenzenes (eugenol, isoeugenol, eugenol methyl ether, myristicin, anethole and estragole) and the related flavour compounds (coumarin and pulegone) in food samples. The method involves the use of a stationary phase (capillary column) for the enrichment with appropriate elution. After the sample had completely passed through the capillary column the eluent was changed and the separation/detection was achieved. Excellent linearity was obtained under the proposed conditions for a direct determination method and a method including on-line preconcentration. The limits of detection were in the ranges 97-148 and 9.5-14.2 ng/mL, respectively. Evidence for a matrix effect was not found and recoveries between 92 and 110% were obtained. The precision of the method, expressed as relative standard deviation values, was below 5% in all cases. The applicability of this methodology was tested by analyzing synthetic and real food samples.

Topics: Allylbenzene Derivatives; Anisoles; Benzene Derivatives; Benzyl Compounds; Chromatography, Liquid; Coumarins; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Dioxolanes; Eugenol; Flavoring Agents; Food Analysis; Linear Models; Monoterpenes; Pyrogallol; Sensitivity and Specificity