propofol has been researched along with ephedrine in 46 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 9 (19.57) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 22 (47.83) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 14 (30.43) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (2.17) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Barnes, JC; Bradley, P; Day, NC; Fourches, D; Reed, JZ; Tropsha, A | 1 |
| Chen, M; Hu, C; Suzuki, A; Thakkar, S; Tong, W; Yu, K | 1 |
| Eintrei, C; Granfeldt, H; Jensen, AG; Kalman, SH; Nyström, PO | 1 |
| Berridge, J; Gamlin, F; Vucevic, M; Winslow, L | 1 |
| el-Beheiry, H; Kim, J; Milne, B; Seegobin, R | 1 |
| Barbone, G; Di Gioia, M; Lorusso, VM; Porcelli, P | 1 |
| Bentzon, MW; Helbo-Hansen, HS; Køhler, F; Lorenzen, AG; Michelsen, I; Rydlund, E | 1 |
| Al-Khayat, HC; Naguib, K; Osman, HA; Zikri, AM | 1 |
| Chan, YW; Chow, MY; Sia, AT; Sim, KM | 1 |
| Dohi, S; Hayakawa-Fujii, Y; Iida, H | 1 |
| Berridge, J; Freeman, J; Gamlin, F; Vucevic, M; Winslow, L | 1 |
| Iwasaki, T; Kasaba, T; Takasaki, M; Yamaga, M; Yoshimura, Y | 1 |
| Albert, F; Bitar, Y; Brichant, JF; Dewandre, PY; Hans, P; Lamy, M | 1 |
| Dickson, R; Renfrew, C; Schwab, C | 1 |
| Chiu, WK; Onisong, MK; Tan, CH | 1 |
| Bertrand, M; Brun, L; Coriat, P; Gourdin, M; Meersschaert, K; Mouren, S; Riou, B | 1 |
| Kanaya, N; Nakayama, M; Namiki, A; Satoh, H; Seki, S | 1 |
| Cheong, MA; Choi, WJ; Kim, KS | 1 |
| Hirata, N; Kanaya, N; Kurosawa, S; Nakayama, M; Namiki, A | 1 |
| Ishiyama, T; Kashimoto, S; Kumazawa, T; Matsukawa, T; Oguchi, T | 1 |
| Cheong, MA; Jeon, JW; Kim, KS; Lee, JH; Shim, JC | 1 |
| Kudoh, A; Takase, H; Takazawa, T | 1 |
| Castagnini, HE; Nathanson, MH; Salevsky, FC; van Eijs, F | 1 |
| Agarwal, A; Dhiraaj, S; Gupta, D; Ranjan, R; Raza, M; Singh, PK; Singh, U; Singhal, V | 1 |
| Altunkaya, H; Ayoğlu, H; Ciçek, E; Demirel, CB; Ozer, Y; Ozkoçak, I | 1 |
| Hiraoka, H; Ishizeki, J; Ito, N; Kawahara, F; Koizuka, S; Miyoshi, S; Takizawa, D; Takizawa, E | 1 |
| Fukushima, H; Furuya, A; Ishiyama, T; Kashimoto, S; Kumazawa, T; Oguchi, T | 1 |
| Bejjani, G; Flament, R; Lequeux, PY | 1 |
| Hardman, JG; McCahon, RA; Moppett, IK | 1 |
| Gopalakrishna, MD; Krishna, HM; Shenoy, UK | 1 |
| Bhadani, UK; Bhattarai, BK; Biswas, BK; Dhungana, Y; Tripathi, M | 1 |
| Hobai, IA | 1 |
| Austin, JD; Parke, TJ | 1 |
| Brassard, P; Jørgensen, TB; Nissen, P; Secher, NH | 1 |
| Galgon, R; Joffe, AM; Liew, EC | 1 |
| Dippmann, C; Nielsen, HB; Winge, S | 1 |
| Kayalha, H; Khezri, MB | 1 |
| Aydogan, MS; Begec, Z; Colak, C; Durmus, M; Erdogan, MA; Ozgul, U; Yucel, A | 1 |
| Ayatollahi, V; Behdad, S; Kargar, S; Yavari, T | 1 |
| Cao, N; Jia, WQ; Li, L; Sun, R; Tian, HL; Tian, JH; Yang, KH | 1 |
| Kim, JS; Kim, JY; Kim, MK; Kim, SH; Lee, JS | 1 |
| Augé, M; Bonnet, F; Chazot, T; Dardelle, D; Fischler, M; Laloë, PA; Le Guen, M; Liu, N; Sessler, DI; Tounou, F; Tuil, O | 1 |
| Baik, HJ; Moon, S | 1 |
| Hirota, K; Iwashita, C; Jinushi, K; Kimura, F; Kushikata, T; Matsumoto, A; Nishumura, M; Oishi, M | 1 |
| Ho, AM; Mizubuti, GB | 1 |
| Hong, SW; Kim, SH | 1 |
2 review(s) available for propofol and ephedrine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Databases, Factual; Drug Labeling; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Risk | 2016 |
Effect of ephedrine on intubating conditions created by propofol and rocuronium: a meta-analysis.
Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Androstanols; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Ephedrine; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Models, Statistical; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Propofol; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rocuronium | 2012 |
31 trial(s) available for propofol and ephedrine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
A comparison of propofol and isoflurane anaesthesia: the need for ephedrine and glycopyrrolate.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Crystalloid Solutions; Ephedrine; Female; Fentanyl; Glycopyrrolate; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypotension; Isoflurane; Isotonic Solutions; Male; Middle Aged; Plasma Substitutes; Propofol; Vecuronium Bromide | 1995 |
The haemodynamic effects of propofol in combination with ephedrine.
Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ephedrine; Female; Genitalia, Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypotension; Oxygen; Propofol; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 1996 |
Prophylaxis against the systemic hypotension induced by propofol during rapid-sequence intubation.
Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Ephedrine; Female; Humans; Hypotension; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Middle Aged; Propofol; Sympathomimetics | 1995 |
Prophylactic ephedrine attenuates the hemodynamic response to propofol in elderly female patients.
Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Ephedrine; Female; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypotension; Middle Aged; Propofol | 1998 |
Prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting following laparoscopic surgery--ephedrine vs propofol.
Topics: Adult; Antiemetics; Ephedrine; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Male; Nausea; Postoperative Complications; Propofol; Vomiting | 1998 |
Haemodynamic effects of adding ephedrine to propofol and alfentanil.
Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Alfentanil; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Double-Blind Method; Ephedrine; Heart Rate; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Placebos; Propofol; Vecuronium Bromide | 1998 |
Propofol anesthesia enhances pressor response to ephedrine in patients given clonidine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Ephedrine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Preanesthetic Medication; Propofol | 1999 |
Ephedrine, dopamine, or dobutamine to treat hypotension with propofol during epidural anesthesia.
Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Blood Pressure; Cardiotonic Agents; Chi-Square Distribution; Dobutamine; Dopamine; Ephedrine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypotension; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Mastectomy; Middle Aged; Pneumonectomy; Propofol; Sympathomimetics; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2000 |
Effects of ephedrine on the onset time of neuromuscular block and intubating conditions after cisatracurium: preliminary results.
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Atracurium; Ephedrine; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intubation, Intratracheal; Laryngoscopy; Male; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Propofol; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2000 |
The influence of induction technique on intubating conditions 1 min after rocuronium administration: a comparison of a propofol-ephedrine combination and propofol.
Topics: Adult; Androstanols; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Diaphragm; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Ephedrine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Jaw; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Relaxation; Neuromuscular Junction; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Propofol; Prospective Studies; Rocuronium; Sympathomimetics; Vocal Cords | 2002 |
Terlipressin-ephedrine versus ephedrine to treat hypotension at the induction of anesthesia in patients chronically treated with angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, crossover study.
Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Blood Pressure; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ephedrine; Humans; Hypotension; Intraoperative Complications; Lypressin; Propofol; Prospective Studies; Terlipressin; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2002 |
Propofol anesthesia enhances the pressor response to intravenous ephedrine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ephedrine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Propofol; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta | 2002 |
Ephedrine reduces the pain from propofol injection.
Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Double-Blind Method; Ephedrine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Propofol; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2002 |
Differential effects of propofol and sevoflurane on heart rate variability.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroencephalography; Ephedrine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Methyl Ethers; Middle Aged; Propofol; Sevoflurane; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2003 |
The effects of clonidine premedication on the blood pressure and tachycardiac responses to ephedrine in elderly and young patients during propofol anesthesia.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Aging; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Ephedrine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Oxygen; Preanesthetic Medication; Propofol; Tachycardia | 2003 |
The dose effect of ephedrine on the onset time of vecuronium.
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Bronchodilator Agents; Cardiac Output; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Ephedrine; Female; Fentanyl; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Propofol; Time Factors; Vascular Resistance; Vecuronium Bromide | 2003 |
Sevoflurane for interventional neuroradiology procedures is associated with more rapid early recovery than propofol.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Gas Analysis; Double-Blind Method; Embolization, Therapeutic; Ephedrine; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Methyl Ethers; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Nervous System Diseases; Propofol; Sevoflurane; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2004 |
Pain during injection of propofol: the effect of prior administration of ephedrine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Ephedrine; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Measurement; Probability; Propofol; Reference Values; Treatment Outcome | 2004 |
Comparison of ephedrine and ketamine in prevention of injection pain and hypotension due to propofol induction.
Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Double-Blind Method; Elective Surgical Procedures; Ephedrine; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypotension; Injections, Intravenous; Ketamine; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Measurement; Propofol; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2005 |
The effect of ephedrine and phenylephrine on BIS values during propofol anaesthesia.
Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Ephedrine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Phenylephrine; Propofol | 2006 |
Clonidine-ephedrine combination reduces pain on injection of propofol and blunts hemodynamic stress responses during the induction sequence.
Topics: Analgesics; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Clonidine; Ephedrine; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Propofol; Prospective Studies; Stress, Physiological | 2006 |
The effect of ephedrine on intubating conditions and haemodynamics during rapid tracheal intubation using propofol and rocuronium.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Androstanols; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Ephedrine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypotension; Intraoperative Complications; Intubation, Intratracheal; Laryngoscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Premedication; Propofol; Rocuronium; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2007 |
Prevention of hypotension during propofol induction: a comparison of preloading with 3.5% polymers of degraded gelatin (Haemaccel) and intravenous ephedrine.
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Ephedrine; Female; Humans; Hypotension; Infusions, Intravenous; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Plasma Substitutes; Polygeline; Propofol; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2008 |
Admixture of ephedrine to offset side effects of propofol: a randomized, controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Blood Pressure; Double-Blind Method; Ephedrine; Female; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Hospitals, General; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Propofol; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Young Adult | 2009 |
Phenylephrine but not ephedrine reduces frontal lobe oxygenation following anesthesia-induced hypotension.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, General; Ephedrine; Female; Fentanyl; Frontal Lobe; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypotension; Intraoperative Complications; Mastectomy; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Oxygen Consumption; Parathyroidectomy; Phenylephrine; Propofol; Regional Blood Flow; Thyroidectomy; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2010 |
The effect of combined ephedrine and lidocaine pretreatment on pain and hemodynamic changes due to propofol injection.
Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Ephedrine; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Injections; Lidocaine; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Propofol | 2011 |
Comparison of effects of propofol and ketamine-propofol mixture (ketofol) on laryngeal mask airway insertion conditions and hemodynamics in elderly patients: a randomized, prospective, double-blind trial.
Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Dissociative; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Apnea; Blood Pressure; Double-Blind Method; Ephedrine; Female; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Ketamine; Laryngeal Masks; Male; Oxygen; Propofol; Prospective Studies; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2013 |
Comparison of effects of ephedrine, lidocaine and ketamine with placebo on injection pain, hypotension and bradycardia due to propofol injection: a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Bradycardia; Double-Blind Method; Ephedrine; Female; Humans; Hypotension; Ketamine; Lidocaine; Male; Pain; Placebos; Propofol | 2012 |
Intrathecal fentanyl decreases the optimal effect site concentration of propofol during spinal anaesthesia.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Aged; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Conscious Sedation; Consciousness Monitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Ephedrine; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Hypotension; Infusions, Spinal; Injections, Spinal; Intraoperative Complications; Male; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting; Propofol; Prospective Studies; Urologic Surgical Procedures | 2014 |
Dexmedetomidine reduces propofol and remifentanil requirements during bispectral index-guided closed-loop anesthesia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Atracurium; Consciousness Monitors; Dexmedetomidine; Double-Blind Method; Ephedrine; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Intraoperative Period; Male; Middle Aged; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Piperidines; Propofol; Remifentanil; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2014 |
The preventive effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist on blood pressure reduction and postoperative nausea and vomiting during general anesthesia induction: A double-blinded, randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Blood Pressure; Ephedrine; Humans; Hypotension; Pain, Postoperative; Phenylephrine; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting; Propofol; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; Remifentanil; Saline Solution | 2023 |
13 other study(ies) available for propofol and ephedrine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cluster Analysis; Databases, Factual; Humans; MEDLINE; Mice; Models, Chemical; Molecular Conformation; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2010 |
[Selective subarachnoid anesthesia for intervention for hip fracture].
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Spinal; Ephedrine; Female; Fentanyl; Hip Fractures; Humans; Ketamine; Male; Middle Aged; Preanesthetic Medication; Propofol; Subarachnoid Space | 1996 |
The haemodynamic effects of propofol in combination with ephedrine in elderly patients (ASA groups 3 and 4).
Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Blood Pressure; Ephedrine; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypotension; Propofol | 1999 |
Severe hypertension following ephedrine administration in a patient receiving entacapone.
Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Antihypertensive Agents; Antiparkinson Agents; Catechols; Drug Interactions; Ephedrine; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Hydralazine; Hypertension; Nitriles; Propofol; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2000 |
[A case of severe bradycardia and AV block during administration of propofol].
Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Bradycardia; Conscious Sedation; Emergencies; Ephedrine; Heart Block; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Laparotomy; Male; Perioperative Care; Propofol; Severity of Illness Index | 2003 |
Influence of cisatracurium on entropy values during propofol-remifentanil anesthesia.
Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Atracurium; Electromyography; Entropy; Ephedrine; Humans; Hypotension; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Piperidines; Propofol; Remifentanil | 2007 |
Ephedrine, phenylephrine and BIS during propofol anaesthesia.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Electroencephalography; Ephedrine; Humans; Phenylephrine; Propofol | 2007 |
Atrioventricular block induced by indigo carmine.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic Agents; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Atrioventricular Block; Blood Pressure; Coloring Agents; Cystoscopy; Electrocardiography; Ephedrine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Indigo Carmine; Intraoperative Complications; Male; Metoprolol; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Muscarinic Antagonists; Propanolamines; Propofol; Prostatectomy | 2008 |
Ouch! My hand burns.
Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Drug Combinations; Ephedrine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pain; Propofol | 2010 |
Severe cerebral desaturation during shoulder arthroscopy in the beach-chair position.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Arthroscopy; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; Brain Ischemia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Ephedrine; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Hypotension; Hypoxia, Brain; Intraoperative Complications; Male; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Piperidines; Posture; Propofol; Remifentanil; Rotator Cuff; Rotator Cuff Injuries | 2010 |
Aminophylline and Ephedrine, but Not Flumazenil, Inhibit the Activity of the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3 Expressed in
Topics: Aminophylline; Animals; Ephedrine; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 3; Flumazenil; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Glutamic Acid; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Propofol; Protein Kinase C; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Xenopus laevis | 2018 |
[Effects of Various Antidepressants on Hemodynamics during General Anesthesia].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, General; Antidepressive Agents; Catecholamines; Ephedrine; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Middle Aged; Norepinephrine; Phenylephrine; Propofol; Retrospective Studies; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Young Adult | 2016 |
Co-induction with a vasopressor "chaser" to mitigate propofol-induced hypotension when intubating critically ill/frail patients-A questionable practice.
Topics: Aged; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Critical Illness; Drug Administration Schedule; Ephedrine; Frail Elderly; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Intubation, Intratracheal; Propofol; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2019 |