prolyl-serine and glycylleucine

Excessive exposure of the skin to ultraviolet irradiation induces skin photoaging, which seriously deteriorates the barrier functions of skin tissue, and even causes skin damages and diseases. Recently, dietary supplements from marine sources have been found to be useful in modulating skin functions and can be used to alleviate photoaging. Herein, the low-molecular-weight hydrolysates with a photoaging-protection effect were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis from Theragra chalcogramma (TCH), and the potential mechanism were subsequently explored. The results revealed that TCH desirably improved the barrier functions of photoaged skin and stimulated the deposition of ECM components Col I, Hyp, and HA in the dermal layer. Histologically, TCH reduced the epidermal hyperplasia and restored the impaired architectures in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in photoaging skin was inhibited, and the expression levels of elastin and fibrillin-1 were elevated accordingly after TCH administration, and the significant improvements were observed at high-dose level (p < 0.05). Taken together, the efficacy of TCH against skin photoaging is highly associated with the regulation on ECM metabolism and the repairing of damaged mechanical structure.

Topics: Animals; Collagen; Dipeptides; Gadiformes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skin; Skin Aging; Ultraviolet Rays

Chronic alcohol abuse induces the cognitive deficits and is associated with low-grade inflammation and neurodegeneration. Currently, by virtue of the immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, nutrients represent a promising strategy to attenuate cognitive impairments. We previously prepared the hydrolysates from

Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Caspase 3; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dipeptides; Ethanol; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hippocampus; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Neuronal Plasticity; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Previous studies have revealed that excessive exposure to UV irradiation is the main cause of skin photoaging and the signaling pathways of MAPK and NF-κB are involved in this progression. The present study aims to investigate the anti-photoaging effects of low molecular weight hydrolysates from Theragra chalcogramma (TCH) and to clarify the underlying mechanism. The degradation of mechanical barrier functions in photoaged skin was substantially ameliorated after TCH administration; meanwhile, TCH significantly elevated the antioxidant capacity and suppressed the over-production of inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Moreover, the histopathological deteriorations such as epidermal hyperplasia and dermal loss were significantly alleviated, along with the increase in procollagen type I content and decrease in MMP-1 activity (p < 0.05). Furthermore, TCH effectively blocked the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways through inhibition of the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, ERK, iκB, and p65 proteins. Collectively, these data indicate that TCH has potential as a novel ingredient for the development of anti-photoaging foods.

Topics: Animals; Dipeptides; Gadiformes; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; NF-kappa B; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skin Aging