povidone-iodine and taurolidine

Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is generally used on implant-based breast operations; However, it can increase surgical site infection. Many immersion solutions are applied to ADM, however, the most effective solution is unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of different solutions on the biofilm formation and mechanical properties of ADM.. Aseptic porcine-derived ADMs were immersed in 5 different solutions for 30 min; sterile normal saline, 10% povidone-iodine, 0.5% chlorhexidine, antibiotics (cefazolin, gentamicin, and vancomycin), and taurolidine. They are transferred to 10 ml suspension of methicillin-sensitive/resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA/MRSA) or Staphylococcus epidermidis and an overnight culture was performed. After rinsing and sonication to obtain the biofilm on ADM, colony forming unit (CFU) was measured. In addition, the maximum load before ADM deformation and the elongation length of ADM at the start of the maximum load was determined.. Regardless of strains, povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, and taurolidine group had lower CFUs than the saline group with statistical significance. Meanwhile, the antibiotics group did not show statistical difference from the saline group. Moreover, only taurolidine group showed higher tensile strength (MRSA, p = 0.0003; S. epidermidis, p = 0.0023) and elongation length (MSSA, p = 0.0015) than the saline group. The antibiotics and chlorhexidine group yielded lower tensile strength and elongation length than the povidone-iodine and taurolidine groups.. It was suggested that the 10% povidone-iodine or taurolidine solution is effective. In contrast, the antibiotics solution could be considered as an effective intraoperative solution.

Topics: Acellular Dermis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Chlorhexidine; Immersion; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Povidone-Iodine; Staphylococcus aureus; Swine

Treatment with antibiotics together with local application of antiseptics is common in wound care. We investigated the effectiveness of an antiseptic in two variations: octenidine (Oct) and octenidine+ (Oct+ with isotonic glucose addition).. Using the agar diffusion test with cultures of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus and the non-pathogenic Bordetella petrii, we compared the effectiveness of octenidine to the classical antiseptics beta-isodona (povidone-iodine; PI), chlorhexidine (Chl) and taurolin (Tau) alone, and in combination with various common antibiotics to uncover cooperativity between antiseptics and antibiotics.. We detected strong interactions between antibiotics and antiseptics, that either enhanced or reduced the bactericidal efficiency. Effectiveness was dependent on the type of organism tested. Oct applied together with ineffective antibiotics frequently led to effective growth inhibition of Bordetella petrii. With Staphylococcus aureus we did not find such an effect. To this end, we reason that positively charged Oct may associate with antibiotic compounds via electrostatic interactions and guide it more efficiently to the bacterial cell wall. Interaction with antibiotics sometimes led to sequestration and reduced availability of some antiseptic/antibiotic combinations, but never with Oct.. These data provide new arguments for decision planning concerning the choice of agent in the treatment of wound infections.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bordetella; Chlorhexidine; Drug Synergism; Glucose; Imines; Ions; Isotonic Solutions; Povidone-Iodine; Pyridines; Staphylococcus aureus; Static Electricity; Taurine; Thiadiazines

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Madurella; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycetoma; Povidone-Iodine; Taurine; Thiadiazines

The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of 1% polyvinylprolidone-iodine (Betadine, PVP-I) and 2% Taurolidine as scolicidal agents for the prevention of abdominal hydatidosis defined as the rupture of the echinococcal cyst spontaneously or traumatically. The study was carried out in fifty mice randomly assigned into 5 treatment groups as following: group with no expose to any scolicidal agent, groups with 1% PVP-I for 2 and 5 minutes; groups with 2 % Taurolidine for 2 minutes, and 5 minutes. PVP-I has found to be effective according to results of staining with the eosin dye in vitro and abdominal hydatidosis in vivo, while Taurolidine was ineffective as a scolicidal agent.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Echinococcosis; Echinococcus granulosus; Humans; Mice; Postoperative Complications; Povidone-Iodine; Random Allocation; Secondary Prevention; Taurine; Thiadiazines

Local recurrence remains a major problem in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. The aim of the underlying study was to establish a standardised local recurrence model in rats which enables to study different intrapleural therapies.. Fifty microlitre containing 1 x 10(6) cells of a syngeneic rat malignant mesothelioma cell line (II-45), established from mesothelioma in Fischer 344 rats exposed to asbestos, were inoculated subpleurally via a left-sided thoracotomy. Tumour size was assessed 6 days later and the tumour nodule completely resected. Evaluation of recurrence at the resection site was performed after 10 days (n=6) and 6 days (n=6). The recurrent nodule was histopathologically confirmed. In a second experiment, this new recurrence model was evaluated for the effect of intrapleural therapy with different agents: 4 ml of cisplatin-solution (100mg(2)/kg BW), cisplatin combined with the fibrin-based sealant Vivostat, 4 ml taurolidine 2%, repeated injection of 1 microg of the chemokine CCL-19 at the tumour site and 4 ml povidone-iodine in a dilution 1:10. In a control group, the chest cavity was filled with 4 ml 0.9% NaCl. The primary endpoint was the extent of tumour recurrence.. Six days after inoculation, all animals presented a standardised tumour nodule at the injection site of a mean diameter of 5.1 (+/-0.8)mm. Evaluation of the recurrence after 10 days showed a relapse directly at the resection site, but additional tumour nodules on the ipsi- and contralateral chest wall were found and histologically confirmed. The animals that were sacrificed 6 days after resection of the tumour nodule showed a recurrence only at the resection site with no macroscopic or microscopic evidence of other tumour. Resection of the tumour nodule combined with intrapleural application of the different agents lead to clear reduction of recurrence. The strongest effect was observed after intrapleural application of cisplatin-Vivostat with significant decrease of the longest, widest and thickest diameter of the recurrence.. With this new recurrence model for investigation of malignant pleural mesothelioma in rats, we were able to investigate new intrapleural therapies after pneumonectomy. The intrapleural application of cisplatin-Vivostat significantly reduced the extent of local recurrence.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Chemokine CCL19; Chemokines, CC; Cisplatin; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Models, Animal; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; Male; Mesothelioma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pleural Neoplasms; Pneumonectomy; Povidone-Iodine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Taurine; Thiadiazines

Taurolidine and povidone-iodine (PVP-I) are used in every day clinical practice, taurolidine as a broad spectrum antibiotic, and PVP-I as an antiseptic. The type of cell death induced in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cell lines by these agents was compared, and their ability to sensitize to chemotherapy assessed. Both taurolidine and PVP-I inhibited MPM cell growth after 7.5min incubation, but taurolidine was more effective at later time points and was more specific towards tumour cells than PVP-I. Taurolidine induced death by caspase-dependent and independent mechanisms, whereas in contrast, PVP-I induced a necrotic phenotype that was not caspase-dependent. Interestingly, both taurolidine and PVP-I induced the production of reactive oxygen intermediates and decreased mitochondrial membrane permeability, and cell death was inhibited by the oxygen scavenger N-acetyl cysteine. Taurolidine but not PVP-I treatment resulted in p53 activation in 2/3 MPM cell lines and a decrease in the protein levels of survivin, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Survivin also decreased in response to PVP-I whereas Bcl-xL remained unaffected by both treatments. Targeting of Bcl-xL with siRNA sensitized MPM cells to taurolidine and taurolidine treatment sensitized MPM cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, taurolidine and PVP-I are both cytotoxic to human MPM cells at early and late time points and induce reactive oxygen intermediate production. Taurolidine induces apoptosis and necrosis, activates p53 and sensitizes cells to cisplatin, whereas PVP-I inhibits cell growth via necrosis. Both agents are promising candidates for use in local treatment within multimodality concepts for MPM.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antineoplastic Agents; Biopsy; Blotting, Western; Caspase 3; Cell Death; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cisplatin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enzyme Activation; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genes, p53; Humans; Mesothelioma; Mitochondrial Membranes; Pleural Neoplasms; Povidone-Iodine; Reactive Oxygen Species; Taurine; Thiadiazines

Port site metastases can occur when free viable tumor cells implant at trocar wounds. Irrigation of port sites with cytotoxic agents has been suggested to prevent port site metastases. The objective of this study is to assess whether tumor growth at port sites can be reduced by irrigation of these port sites.. WAG rats were insufflated with CO(2) for 20 minutes and 5 x 10(5) CC531 tumor cells were injected intraperitoneally. Port sites were irrigated after completion of the pneumoperitoneum with povidone-iodine, a mixture of taurolidine and heparin, or sodium chloride. Controls did not undergo any irrigation of port sites. In experiment 1, all 16 rats had all 4 irrigation modalities. In experiment 2, four groups of 20 rats had one type of irrigation on two trocar wounds. Tumor growth was evaluated 4 weeks after the procedure.. No difference in tumor growth at trocar wounds was found between any type of irrigation and controls in both experiments.. In this experimental model, no beneficial or adverse effects of irrigation of port sites could be shown.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Heparin; Laparoscopy; Male; Neoplasm Seeding; Neoplasm Transplantation; Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; Povidone-Iodine; Punctures; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sodium Chloride; Taurine; Therapeutic Irrigation; Thiadiazines

Taurolidine (Taurolin) is a derivative of the amino acid taurine, successfully used in the treatment of peritonitis. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that taurolidine inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in a variety of tumor cell lines. At present there are no published studies on the use of taurolidine in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma. Our aim was to examine the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in cell lines SCC 4 and SCC 15 treated with taurolidine in concentrations of 0.01%, 0.1%, and 0.5%. Analogue to the present investigations on adenocarcinoma cell lines, we used toxic antiseptic povidone iodine in the same concentration as for the reference group. Untreated cells were used as a control group. The cells were incubated with taurolidine or povidone iodine once for 2 h at 37 degrees C in 5% CO(2). Cell proliferation was assessed using WST-1 labeling kit after 3, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The additional measurement of cell apoptosis was examined using ELISA(PLUS) cell death detection kit and performed after 0, 24, and 48 h. The findings showed a significant inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in taurolidine-treated cells SCC 4 and SCC 15 in contrast to the reference group treated with povidone iodine or the untreated control group.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Death; Cell Division; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Povidone-Iodine; Taurine; Thiadiazines; Tongue Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured

A generally accepted approach to prevent tumor implantation with laparoscopic surgery does not exist. Alternative gases in combination with intraperitoneal instillation of different antiadherent or cytotoxic agents have not been evaluated.. The effect of taurolidine, heparin, and povidone-iodine on the growth of colon adenocarcinoma DHD/K12/TRb was measured in rats undergoing laparoscopy with carbon dioxide (n = 40), helium (n = 40), or xenon (n = 40). In the procedure, 10(4) tumor cells were administered intraperitoneally, and pneumoperitoneum was established over 30 min at 8 mmHg with the different gases. The rats additionally received intraperitoneal instillation with one of the following: 1 ml of Ringer's solution, 1 ml of 0.5% taurolidine, 1 ml 0.5% taurolidine with heparin (10 U/ml), or 1 ml 0.25% of povidone-iodine. Tumor growth was measured after 4 weeks.. Median intraperitoneal tumor weight was lower in rats receiving taurolidine (CO(2): 10 mg; helium: 50 mg; xenon: 39.5 mg) or taurolidine with heparin (CO(2): 4 mg; helium: 4.5 mg; xenon: 46.5 mg) in all gas groups than in the control groups (CO(2): 427 mg; helium: 268 mg; xenon: 345 mg) (p < 0.001). Whereas povidone-iodine caused significantly lower tumor growth in the CO(2) group (56.5 mg) (p < 0.01), the combination of helium (145 mg) and xenon (457 mg) with povidone-iodine produced no reduction of tumor growth as compared with the control groups (helium: 268 mg; xenon: 345 mg).. Taurolidine and taurolidine with heparin significantly inhibit intraperitoneal tumor growth, with different gases used for pneumoperitoneum. Only povidone-iodine caused significant decrease of tumor growth in combination with CO(2). The combination of xenon and povidone-iodine should not be used in patients with cancer because of increased tumor growth.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anticoagulants; Carbon Dioxide; Colonic Neoplasms; Heparin; Instillation, Drug; Laparoscopy; Male; Neoplasm Seeding; Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; Povidone-Iodine; Rats; Taurine; Thiadiazines; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Therapeutic strategies to prevent port site recurrences in laparoscopy surgery of malignancies have not been investigated until now.. The effects of taurolidine, heparin, and povidone iodine on the growth of rat and human colon adenocarcinoma as well as gallbladder carcinoma were investigated in vitro. Furthermore, cytokine release of growth-stimulating IL-1beta by peritoneal macrophages was measured after incubation with carbon dioxide and additional incubation with the different agents. In the third experiment, prevention of intra- and extraperitoneal metastases by intraperitoneal instillation of the different agents during laparoscopy was investigated in a colon carcinoma model in the rat. Tumor cells were administered intraperitoneally in 100 rats, and pneumoperitoneum (8 mm Hg) was established over 30 min with carbon dioxide. Rats received either tumor cells, cells + heparin, cells + povidone iodine, cells + taurolidine, or cells + taurolidine + heparin.. In vitro, tumor cell growth decreased after incubation with taurolidine, taurolidine/heparin, and povidone iodine. Cytokine release was stimulated by incubation with carbon dioxide and could only be suppressed by incubation with taurolidine in vitro. In vivo, intraperitoneal tumor weight was lower in rats receiving heparin (251 +/- 153 mg) and povidone iodine (134 +/- 117 mg) compared to the control group (541 +/- 291 mg), but even less when taurolidine (79 +/- 82 mg) or taurolidine/heparin (18.3 +/- 30 mg) were instilled.. Heparin slightly inhibits intraperitoneal tumor growth in vivo, while povidone iodine and taurolidine cause a significant decrease in tumor cell growth in vitro as well as intraperitoneal tumor growth in vivo. Cytokine release of peritoneal macrophages is only suppressed by taurolidine. Total tumor take and trocar metastases are only suppressed by taurolidine and taurolidine/heparin.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Carbon Dioxide; Colonic Neoplasms; Gallbladder Neoplasms; Heparin; Humans; Interleukin-1; Laparoscopy; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Seeding; Peritoneal Cavity; Povidone-Iodine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine; Thiadiazines; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The effects of three non-antibiotic, antimicrobial agents (taurolidine, chlorhexidine acetate and providone-iodine) on the surface hydrophobicity of the clinical strains Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans were examined. Three recognized techniques for hydrophobicity measurements, Bacterial Adherence to Hydrocarbons (BATH), the Salt Aggregation Test (SAT) and Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC) were compared. At concentrations reported to interfere with microbial-epithelial cell adherence, all three agents altered the cell surface hydrophobicity. However, these effects failed to exhibit a uniform relationship. Generally, taurolidine and povidone-iodine treatments decreased the hydrophobicity of the strains examined whereas chlorhexidine acetate effects depended upon the micro-organism treated. Subsequently, the exact contribution of altered cell surface hydrophobicity to the reported microbial anti-adherence effects is unclear. Comparison of the three techniques revealed a better correlation between the results obtained with the BATH test and HIC than the results obtained with the BATH and SAT or SAT and HIC. However, these differences may be due to the inaccuracy associated with the visual assessment of results employed by the SAT.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Adhesion; Candida albicans; Chlorhexidine; Escherichia coli; Humans; Povidone-Iodine; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Surface Properties; Taurine; Thiadiazines

The antimicrobioal agents, taurolidine, chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine were examined for microbial anti-adherence activity. Two adherence systems were investigated using light microscopic and radio-isotopic assay methods: that of an oral isolate of Candida albicans to human buccal epithelial cells and of a urine isolate of Escherichia coli to human uroepithelial cells. Each of the three agents exhibited significant anti-adherence activity which was concentration dependent. The activity was expressed at subminimum inhibitory concentrations of the agents. Treatment of either the microbial or epithelial cells resulted in significant reductions in adhering micro-organisms. Consideration of the data in respect of the skewness coefficient and percentage clear epithelial cells indicated that the agents exhibited a broadly based anti-adherence capacity.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacterial Adhesion; Candida albicans; Chlorhexidine; Culture Media; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Escherichia coli; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Povidone; Povidone-Iodine; Taurine; Thiadiazines; Thiazines

A model of bacterial peritonitis, using mice infected with Escherichia coli, has been used to assess the protective effects of intraperitoneal treatment with antiseptics. Of the five antiseptics tested, only chlorhexidine gluconate had any protective effect, concentrations of 0.05 and 0.02 per cent reducing the mortality to 14 and 50 per cent respectively. The other antiseptics, taurolin, noxytiolin, povidone iodine and hypochlorite were all ineffective. Delayed treatment with chlorhexidine was not as effective as instillation immediately postinfection.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Disease Models, Animal; Escherichia coli Infections; Hypochlorous Acid; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Mice; Noxythiolin; Peritonitis; Povidone-Iodine; Taurine; Thiadiazines; Time Factors

In 36 patients, intraoperative peritoneal lavage with PVP-iodine solution (26 patients) or with the iodine free chemotherapeutic agent Taurolin (10 patients) was performed because of peritonitis. Total iodine serum levels increased considerably after peritoneal lavage with PVP-iodine. In the early postoperative phase, the resorbed iodine was mostly present as iodide in serum. Iodine serum values returned to normal after 30 days. A decrease in T4 and T3 could be observed with a concomitant reciprocal increase of rT3 in the acute phase of peritonitis. Normalization of the thyroid hormone took place after 8 days. A stronger increase in T4 occurred temporarily in 2 of 5 patients known to have thyroid function disorders. These changes in thyroid hormone may also be considered as the consequence of the severe primary disease. Normalization of hormone values was clearly delayed after PVP iodine lavage. The possible risk of an iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis after intraperitoneal application of PVP-iodine is pointed out, and objections are made to using this therapy.

Topics: Adult; Humans; Iodine; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritonitis; Povidone; Povidone-Iodine; Taurine; Therapeutic Irrigation; Thiadiazines; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine