potassium-permanganate and sulfuric-acid

Topics: Acids; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinogens; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cisplatin; Cyclophosphamide; Daunorubicin; Ditiocarb; Doxorubicin; Hydrobromic Acid; Hydrolysis; Ifosfamide; Lomustine; Mercaptopurine; Methods; Methotrexate; Oxidation-Reduction; Potassium Permanganate; Sodium Hypochlorite; Streptozocin; Sulfuric Acids; Thioguanine; Vinblastine; Vincristine; Waste Products; Zinc

Topics: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Benz(a)Anthracenes; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzopyrenes; Biodegradation, Environmental; Carcinogens; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chemistry, Physical; Decontamination; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Laboratories; Methylcholanthrene; Oxidation-Reduction; Polycyclic Compounds; Potassium Permanganate; Safety; Solutions; Sulfuric Acids; Waste Products; World Health Organization

Pesticides play a critical role in improving crop yield in modern agriculture, but their residues significantly harm the environment and human health. Herein, a novel and simple colorimetric sensor array built on sulfuric acid assisted KMnO

Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cluster Analysis; Colorimetry; Malus; Pesticides; Potassium Permanganate; Reproducibility of Results; Sulfuric Acids; Vegetables

Research shows that essential/precursor chemical controls have had substantial impacts on US methamphetamine and heroin availability. This study examines whether US federal essential chemical regulations have impacted US cocaine seizure amount, price and purity-indicators of cocaine availability.. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA)-intervention time-series analysis was used to assess the impacts of four US regulations targeting cocaine manufacturing chemicals: potassium permanganate/selected solvents, implemented October 1989 sulfuric acid/hydrochloric acid, implemented October 1992; methyl isobutyl ketone, implemented May 1995; and sodium permanganate, implemented December 2006. Of these chemicals, potassium permanganate and sodium permanganate are the most critical to cocaine production.. Conterminous United States (January 1987-April 2011).. Monthly time-series: purity-adjusted cocaine seizure amount (in gross weight seizures < 6000 grams), purity-adjusted price (all available seizures), and purity (all available seizures).. System to Retrieve Information from Drug Evidence.. The 1989 potassium permanganate/solvents regulation was associated with a seizure amount decrease (change in series level) of 28% (P < 0.05), a 36% increase in price (P < 0.05) and a 4% decrease in purity (P < 0.05). Availability recovered in 1-2 years. The 2006 potassium permanganate regulation was associated with a 22% seizure amount decrease (P < 0.05), 100% price increase (P < 0.05) and 35% purity decrease (P < 0.05). Following the 2006 regulation, essentially no recovery occurred to April 2011. The other two chemical regulations were associated with statistically significant but lesser declines in indicated availability.. In the United States, essential chemical controls from 1989 to 2006 were associated with pronounced downturns in cocaine availability.

Topics: Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cocaine; Drug and Narcotic Control; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Methyl n-Butyl Ketone; Potassium Permanganate; Sodium Compounds; Sulfuric Acids; United States

A simple and sensitive flow injection-chemiluminescence method for the determination of dopamine has been proposed. The method is based on the enhancing effect of dopamine on the chemiluminescence emission generated by the reaction of potassium permanganate with formaldehyde in an acidic medium. The proposed procedure allows the determination of dopamine over the concentration range of 3.1×10(-8)-1.7×10(-5) mol/L and with a detection limit of 1.0×10(-8) mol/L. The linear regression equation was F=44.4912+1.07×10(9)(*)C (correlation coefficient, r(2)=0.9998). The relative standard deviation is 2.1% for the determination of 1.0×10(-8) mol/L dopamine (n=11). The method was successfully applied to the determination of dopamine in pharmaceutical preparation with satisfactory results. The recoveries were found in the range of 96.5-101.3%.

Topics: Dopamine; Flow Injection Analysis; Formaldehyde; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ions; Kinetics; Luminescent Measurements; Potassium Permanganate; Regression Analysis; Sulfuric Acids

The complex autocatalytic reaction between potassium permanganate (KMnO(4)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was studied by online UV-Vis spectra methods. The kinetic profiles of the absorptive components, including KMnO(4) and two intermediates, were obtained by resolving the spectra-kinetic matrix with iterative target transformation factor analysis (ITTFA). But for the product Mn(II), which is not absorptive in the monitoring wavelength range, this was not applicable. Therefore, local mass balance region (LMBR) technique was proposed to get all of the scaled profiles, especially the non-absorptive components. Influences of various reaction conditions, such as concentrations of H(2)O(2) and sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)) and reaction temperatures, were also investigated. Contrary to most other reactions, when initial concentrations of hydrogen peroxide ([H(2)O(2)](0)) are largely excessive ([H(2)O(2)](0)/[KMnO(4)](0) >40), higher [H(2)O(2)](0) will decrease the degradation rate, while the higher temperature makes the reaction go much slower.

Topics: Catalysis; Hydrogen Peroxide; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Potassium Permanganate; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Sulfuric Acids; Temperature

Chemiluminescence from the vanadium and potassium permanganate reaction was studied under acidic conditions to develop a sensitive method for vanadium determination using the formaldehyde enhancement effect. The method was successfully applied to the determination of vanadium in seawater. Experimental parameters were optimized, including acid concentration, potassium permanganate and formaldehyde concentration. A linear calibration graph was obtained in the concentration range of 2.0 x 10(-9)-5 x 10(-6) M with relative standard deviations (n = 4) in the range of 1.8-3.1%. The detection limit (3sigma blank) was 8.0 x 10(-10) mol L(-1) with a sample throughput of 100 h(-1). The effect of salinity and various interfering cations and anions were studied. The method was applied to determine total dissolved vanadium in seawater samples and certified reference materials after online reduction with amalgamated zinc column.

Topics: Flow Injection Analysis; Formaldehyde; Luminescence; Potassium Permanganate; Seawater; Sulfuric Acids; Vanadium

The first application of the flow analysis coupled with chemiluminescence detection and based on stopped-flow chemistry to the simultaneous determination of two components, using a two equation system, is described. The proposed method to determine simultaneously morphine and naloxone is based on the chemiluminescence oxidation of these compounds by their reaction with potassium permanganate in an acidic medium. The main feature of the system used is that the recording of the whole chemiluminescence intensity-versus-time profiles can be obtained, using the stopped-flow technique in a continuous-flow system. Then, the chemiluminescent signals obtained at two times of these profiles can be used to determine the concentration of both opiate narcotics. The effect of common emission enhancers on the chemiluminescence emission of these compounds in different acidic media, using the above-mentioned technique, was studied, in order to achieve the best conditions in which, the CL profiles of both compounds should be additive. The parameters selected were sulphuric acid 1.0 mol L(-1), permanganate 0.2 mmolL(-1) and formaldehyde 0.8 mol L(-1). Taken in account the different profiles of the transient CL signal obtained with each compounds, using the selected chemical conditions, two measurement times (1.4 and 4.8s) of these responses curves were considered with the purpose to establish a simple 2 x 2 matrix calculation. Using the chemiluminiscent signals obtained at these times, a linear calibration graph was obtained for each one of the compounds between 0.01 and 1.00 mg L(-1) for morphine and 0.10-1.50 mg L(-1) for naloxone. The present chemiluminescence procedure was applied to the determination of both compounds in mixtures and was found to be satisfactory.

Topics: Calibration; Flow Injection Analysis; Formaldehyde; Luminescent Measurements; Morphine; Naloxone; Potassium Permanganate; Sulfuric Acids; Time

A Fast Chemical Identification System (FCIS) consisting of two colour reactions based on functional groups in molecules of macrolide antibiotics and two TLC methods was developed for screening of fake macrolide drugs. The active ingredients could be extracted from their oral preparations by absolute alcohol. Sulfuric acid reaction as a common reaction of macrolides was first used to distinguish the macrolides from other types of drugs and then 16-membered macrolides and 14-membered ones were distinguished by potassium permanganate reactions depending on the time of loss of colour in the test solution; after which a TLC method carried out on a GF(254) plate (5 cm x 10 cm) was chosen to further identification of the macrolides. The mobile phase A consisting of ethyl acetate, hexane and ammonia (100:15:15, v/v) was used for the identification of 14-membered macrolides, and the mobile phase B consisting of trichloromethane, methanol and ammonia (100:5:1, v/v) was used for the identification of 16-membered ones. A suspected counterfeit macrolide preparation can be identified within 40 min. The system can be used under different conditions and has the virtues of robustness, simplicity and speed.

Topics: Ammonia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chloroform; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Consumer Product Safety; Drug and Narcotic Control; Fraud; Hexanes; Hydrolysis; Macrolides; Models, Chemical; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Potassium Permanganate; Sulfuric Acids

Topics: 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine; Ascorbic Acid; Carcinogens; Potassium Permanganate; Sulfuric Acids; Waste Disposal, Fluid

Topics: Canada; Fresh Water; Fungicides, Industrial; Golf; Mercury; Methylmercury Compounds; Nitric Acid; Pesticide Residues; Phenylmercuric Acetate; Potassium Permanganate; Soil Pollutants; Sulfuric Acids; Water Pollutants

Solutions of potassium permanganate in 3 M sulfuric acid, 1 M sodium hydroxide solution, and water can be used to degrade hazardous compounds. Excess oxidant can be removed by using sodium metabisulfite. Manganese, a carcinogen and mutagen, can be removed from the final reaction mixtures by making these mixtures strongly basic. Aqueous dilution causes the soluble potassium sulfate to dissolve while still allowing the insoluble manganese compounds to be removed by filtration and so reduces the weight of precipitate. In all cases the amount of manganese left in the filtrates was less than 2 ppm and the reaction mixtures were nonmutagenic. When ethanol was used as a test compound, degradation was much more rapid when the solvent was 3 M sulfuric acid or 1 M sodium hydroxide solution than when the solvent was water. However, the variation of the rate of reaction with pH depends on the nature of the substrate. Thus the effectiveness of the various methods may vary for other substrates. Potassium permanganate in sulfuric acid was used to degrade four polycyclic heterocyclic hydrocarbons. Destruction was greater than 99.9% and the final reaction mixtures contained no more than 0.5 ppm manganese and were not mutagenic. By modifying the work-up procedures to remove manganese from the final reaction mixture, procedures previously developed for degrading hazardous compounds can still be employed.

Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Drug Combinations; Hazardous Substances; Hazardous Waste; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Manganese; Polycyclic Compounds; Potassium Permanganate; Refuse Disposal; Sodium Hydroxide; Sulfuric Acids

A selective staining technique for the identification and differentiation of cancellous bone from medullary bone of the laying hen by image analysis is described. Undecalcified Polymaster resin sections were oxidized in acidified potassium permanganate and oxalic acid before being immersed in an ammoniacal silver solution. The sections were reduced in formalin, fixed in sodium thiosulfate and counterstained in naphthalene black 10B which was dissolved in picric and acetic acids. Intensely stained cancellous bone was prominent with this technique compared with a paler medullary bone component which permitted the former to be easily recognized and measured by image analysis.

Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Chickens; Collagen; Female; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Potassium Permanganate; Silver Staining; Staining and Labeling; Sulfuric Acids; Tissue Embedding

Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains had different cysteine uptake activities, they revealed monophasic uptake kinetics and had the same KT (83.3 microM). The optimal pH of cysteine uptake was between 4.5 and 5.0, but the activity was quickly lost if cells were kept in buffer. When the activity was measured in the growth medium, it increased in the presence of EDTA and greatly decreased in the presence of mercuric chloride. Thioglycol as well as metabolic inhibitors such as dinitrophenol and azide were inhibitory. Homocysteine and methionine were competitive and non-competitive inhibitors, respectively. Cysteamine and cysteic acid were not inhibitory. From these observations, we conclude that the system mediating uptake of cysteine is specific (we thus name it the cysteine transport system) and that the cysteine transport system recognizes not only the SH-group but also amino- and carboxyl-groups. In wild-type strains the cysteine transport system was derepressed only when the cells were incubated without any sulfur source. On the other hand, in cysteine-dependent mutants, cysteine uptake activity increased with increase of exogenous supply of cysteine, glutathione or methionine. From this result, we suspect that the cellular cysteine level is the limiting factor for biosynthesis of the cysteine transport system in cysteine-dependent strains.

Topics: Biological Transport; Culture Media; Cysteine; Edetic Acid; Glutathione; Homocysteine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mercuric Chloride; Methionine; Potassium Permanganate; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sulfuric Acids

Nine aromatic amines, i.e., benzidine; o-tolidine; o-dianisidine; 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine; 4-aminobiphenyl; 1- and 2-naphthylamine; 4,4'-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) and m-toluenediamine, were oxidized with potassium permanganate/sulfuric acid. Experimental conditions for complete degradation of these aromatic amines are described. The disappearance of the parent compound through oxidation was measured using HPLC coupled with UV spectrophotometry. The corresponding degradation products were found to be non-mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA98 and TA97, both in the presence and absence of a rat liver S9 activation system. A collaborative study, involving 11 laboratories, has shown the applicability and the reproducibility of this degradation method.

Topics: Amines; Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Industrial Waste; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Oxidation-Reduction; Potassium Permanganate; Rats; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Sulfuric Acids

Topics: Acids; Carcinogens; Humans; Hydrobromic Acid; Hydrochloric Acid; Indicators and Reagents; Iron; Methods; Nitroso Compounds; Potassium Permanganate; Refuse Disposal; Safety; Sewage; Sulfonic Acids; Sulfuric Acids; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Waste Products