potassium-fluoride and silver-fluoride

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of silver fluoride, silver nitrate and potassium fluoride on remineralization of demineralized enamel and dentine in vitro.. Forty premolars were cut into cuboidal blocks. Acid-resistant varnish was painted onto each block to cover all surfaces, except two windows, one in enamel and one in dentine. The tooth blocks were placed in demineralizing solution for 96 hours. They were then randomly divided into four groups of 10 blocks each and immersed in solutions of AgF, AgNO(3), KF or water for 3 minutes. Afterwards, they were immersed in a remineralizing solution for 108 hours. Micro CT scanning was conducted before and after remineralization.. The increase in linear attentuation coefficient (LAC) for the enamel lesions after remineralization was 1.08/cm, 0.95/cm, 0.86/cm and 0.60/cm in the AgF, AgNO(3), KF and control groups, respectively (ANOVA, p < 0.001; AgF, AgNO(3), KF > control; AgF > KF). The increase in LAC for the dentine lesions was 1.01/cm, 0.92/cm, 0.88/cm and 0.53/cm, respectively (ANOVA, p < 0.001; AgF, AgNO(3), KF > control).. Topical application of silver or fluoride ions can increase the mineral density of demineralized enamel and dentine lesions during remineralization. The synergistic effect of silver and fluoride ions is relatively small.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Bicuspid; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Fluorides; Humans; Potassium Compounds; Silver Compounds; Silver Nitrate; Tooth Demineralization

This study aimed to investigate the effect of silver and fluoride ions on demineralization of enamel.. The coronal parts of 40 extracted sound premolars were prepared into tooth blocks. An unvarnished occlusal surface window (OW) and a flat buccal/lingual surface window (FW) were created for each tooth by covering all other surfaces with an acid-resistant varnish. These blocks were randomly allocated into four groups of 10 blocks each and immersed in respective solutions for 5 minutes: Group 1--2.36 M silver fluoride; Group 2--2.36 M potassium fluoride; Group 3--2.36 M silver nitrate; and Group 4--deionized water. After 7-day immersion in a buffered demineralization solution at pH 4.4, micro-CT scans were taken.. Mean lesion depth in the FW area for tooth blocks in AgF, KF, AgNO(3) and control groups were 0 μm, 3.3 ± 10.3 μm, 156.3 ± 30.8 μm, and 173.6 ± 48.6 μm, respectively (p < 0.001). The difference in mean lesion depth between the AgNO(3) and control groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Similar OW and FW lesions were observed in tooth blocks in the AgNO(3) and control groups.. Topical application of a 2.36 M fluoride solution can inhibit demineralization of enamel while topical application of silver ions has little effect.

Topics: Bicuspid; Dental Enamel; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Hardness; Humans; Ions; Potassium Compounds; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Silver Compounds; Silver Nitrate; Tooth Demineralization; X-Ray Microtomography

Although a 40 per cent solution of silver fluoride would be expected to contain 6 per cent fluoride (60,000 ppm), F-levels of 100,000 ppm and 120,000 ppm were found in 14 commercial samples analysed at The University of Western Australia in 1993 and 1994. To determine whether F-levels in 40 per cent AgF preparations have remained high, the present investigation was aimed at analysing different batches of commercial preparations obtained more recently. Fluoride ion analysis was carried out on 24 AgF samples using the Ion-Selective Electrode technique. Independent analyses of the same samples were carried out by a private chemical testing laboratory (Genalysis). Ten samples supplied by Agson Chemical Export were found to contain between 75,000 and 100,000 ppm F-: Genalysis reported 80,000 to 120,000 ppm. Fourteen samples supplied by Southern Dental Industries were found to contain between 70,000 and 120,000 ppm F-; Genalysis reported 88,000 to 108,000 ppm F-. These results confirm significantly higher than expected F-levels (ANOVA p < 0.05) in commercial preparations of 40 per cent AgF. The solutions tested were found to contain a mixture of ammonium fluoride, sodium or potassium fluoride, and silver fluoride. The additional presence of silver difluoride and hydrofluoric acid resulting from the manufacturing process has been suggested as an explanation for the much higher than expected levels of fluoride ion. In view of possible toxicity of 40 per cent AgF in young children, it is concluded that such a highly concentrated solution should not be used clinically; instead, lower strength AgF solutions should be investigated for their efficacy in caries treatment.

Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Analysis of Variance; Cariostatic Agents; Child; Contraindications; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Fluorosis, Dental; Humans; Hydrofluoric Acid; Ion-Selective Electrodes; Potassium Compounds; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Silver Compounds; Sodium Fluoride; Spectrum Analysis