pirarubicin and valrubicin

Anthracyclines are a class of pharmaceuticals used in cancer treatment have the potential to negatively impact the environment. To study the possibilities of anthracyclines (represented by pirarubicin and valrubicin) removal, chemical inactivation using NaOH (0.01 M) and NaClO (5%) as decontamination agents and adsorption to powdered nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) were compared. The titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared via homogeneous precipitation of an aqueous solution of titanium (IV) oxy-sulfate (TiOSO4) at different amount (5-120 g) with urea. The as-prepared TiO2 samples were characterized by XRD, HRSEM and nitrogen physisorption. The adsorption process of anthracycline cytostatics was determined followed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and an in-situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) technique. It was found that NaClO decomposes anthracyclines to form various transformation products (TPs). No TPs were identified after the reaction of valrubicin with a NaOH solution as well as in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles. The best degree of removal, 100% of pirarubicin and 85% of valrubicin, has been achieved in a sample with 120 grams of TiOSO4 (TIT120) and TiO2 with 60 grams (TIT60), respectively.

Topics: Adsorption; Crystallization; Cytostatic Agents; Decontamination; Doxorubicin; Hydrolysis; Nanostructures; Particle Size; Sodium Hydroxide; Sodium Hypochlorite; Surface Properties; Titanium; Water Pollutants, Chemical

Cellular accumulation of daunorubicin (DNR), N-trifluoroacetyl-adriamycin-14-valerate, and THP-Adriamycin (THP-ADR) in doxorubicin sensitive and resistant murine leukemic P388 cells was studied with laser excited flow cytometry. Appearance of DNR fluorescence in P388/S cells was rapid in contrast to that of P388/R cells. A comparison of P388/S and P388/R cells incubated for 20-30 min showed that DNR fluorescence in P388/R cells was one-sixth that of P388/S cells. In contrast, the difference between fluorescence value of P388/S and P388/R cells similarly incubated with N-trifluoroacetyl-adriamycin-14-valerate or THP-ADR was less than 2-fold. Chlorpromazine, verapamil, and trifluoperazine increased the cellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of DNR and THP-ADR but had no major effect on N-trifluoroacetyl-adriamycin-14-valerate fluorescence or cytotoxicity in P388/R cells. Fluorometric and soft agar assays confirmed the data on the effect of these modulators on drug accumulation obtained by the more rapid method of laser flow cytometry.

Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Line; Chlorpromazine; Daunorubicin; Doxorubicin; Flow Cytometry; Fluorometry; Leukemia P388; Leukemia, Experimental; Mice; Monitoring, Physiologic; Trifluoperazine; Tumor Stem Cell Assay; Verapamil