piperidines and pyrazole

The HBV core protein is a druggable target of interest due to the multiple essential functions in the HBV life cycle to enable chronic HBV infection. The core protein oligomerizes to form the viral capsid, and modulation of the HBV capsid assembly has shown efficacy in clinical trials. Herein is described the identification and hit to lead SAR of a novel series of pyrazolo piperidine HBV capsid assembly modulators.

Topics: Antiviral Agents; Capsid Proteins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hepatitis B virus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Piperidines; Pyrazoles; Structure-Activity Relationship

With the aim of developing novel anti-inflammatory scaffolds, a new series of pyrazole-substituted various nitrogenous heterocyclic ring systems at C-4 position were synthesized through different chemical reactions and validated by means of spectral and elemental data. The new obtained compounds were investigated for their anti-inflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced paw edema standard technique and revealed that, compound

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Carrageenan; Celecoxib; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Drug Design; Edema; Heterocyclic Compounds; Injections; Male; Molecular Docking Simulation; Piperidines; Pyrazoles; Rats; Rimonabant

Pyrrolopiperidinone acetic acids (PPAs) were identified as highly potent CRTh2 receptor antagonists. In addition, many of these compounds displayed slow-dissociation kinetics from the receptor. Structure-kinetic relationship (SKR) studies allowed optimisation of the kinetics to give potent analogues with long receptor residence half-lives of up to 23 h. Low permeability was a general feature of this series, however oral bioavailability could be achieved through the use of ester prodrugs.

Topics: Acetates; Administration, Oral; Animals; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Membrane Permeability; Half-Life; Humans; Piperidines; Pyrazoles; Rats; Receptors, Immunologic; Receptors, Prostaglandin; Structure-Activity Relationship

A novel GPR119 agonist based on the 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole scaffold was designed through lead optimization starting from pyrazole-based GPR119 agonist 1. The design is centered on the conformational restriction of the core scaffold, while minimizing the change in spatial relationships of two key pharmacophoric elements (piperidine-carbamate and aryl sulfone).

Topics: Carbamates; Humans; Piperidines; Protein Binding; Pyrazoles; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Structure-Activity Relationship

Synthesis of oxo-dihydrospiroindazole-based acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors is reported. The dihydrospiroindazoles were assembled in a regioselective manner in six steps from substituted hydrazines and protected 4-formylpiperidine. Enhanced regioselectivity in the condensation between a keto enamine and substituted hydrazines was observed when using toluene as the solvent, leading to selective formation of 1-substituted spiroindazoles. The 2-substituted spiroindazoles were formed selectively from alkyl hydrazones by ring closure with Vilsmeier reagent. The key step in the elaboration to the final products is the conversion of an intermediate olefin to the desired ketone through elimination of HBr from an O-methyl bromohydrin. This methodology enabled the synthesis of each desired regioisomer on 50-75 g scale with minimal purification. Acylation of the resultant spirocyclic amines provided potent ACC inhibitors.

Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Alkenes; Alkylation; Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; Enzyme Inhibitors; Indazoles; Ketones; Piperidines; Pyrazoles; Stereoisomerism; Substrate Specificity

Inhibition of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) has shown efficacy in reducing body weight and improving metabolic parameters, with the effects correlating with target engagement in the brain. The peripheral effects of inhibiting the CB1 receptor has been appreciated through studies in diet-induced obese and liver-specific CB1 knockout mice. In this article, we systematically investigated gene expression changes in peripheral tissues of diet-induced obese mice treated with the CB1 inverse agonist AM251 [1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-N-(1-piperidyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide]. CB1 receptor inhibition led to down-regulation of genes within the de novo fatty acid and cholesterol synthetic pathways, including sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1 and 2 and their downstream targets in both liver and adipose tissue. In addition, genes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation were up-regulated with AM251 treatment, probably through the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). In adipose tissue, CB1 receptor inhibition led to the down-regulation of genes in the tumor necrosis factor alpha signal transduction pathway and possibly to the activation of PPARgamma, both of which would result in improved insulin sensitivity.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists; Down-Regulation; Homozygote; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Obese; Piperidines; PPAR alpha; PPAR gamma; Pyrazoles; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptors, Cannabinoid; Signal Transduction; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; Transcriptional Activation

Measles virus (MV) is one of the most infectious pathogens known. In spite of the existence of a vaccine, approximately 350000 deaths/year result from MV or associated complications. Antimeasles compounds could conceivably diminish these statistics and provide a therapy that complements vaccine treatment. We recently described a high-throughput screening hit compound 1 (16677) against MV-infected cells with the capacity to eliminate viral reproduction at 250 nM by inhibiting the action of the virus's RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex (RdRp). The compound, 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)- N-[4-sulfonylphenyl]-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, 1 carries a critical CF 3 moiety on the 1,2-pyrazole ring. Elaborating on the preliminary structure-activity (SAR) study, the present work presents the synthesis and SAR of a much broader range of low nanomolar nonpeptidic MV inhibitors and speculates on the role of the CF 3 functionality.

Topics: Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme Inhibitors; Imidazoles; Ligands; Measles virus; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Nucleosides; Piperidines; Protein Binding; Pyrazoles; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase; Virus Internalization

The observed antiobesity effect of rimonabant (1) in a pharmacological rodent model 10 years ago has led to a surge in the search for novel cannabinoid CB1 antagonists as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. Rimonabant showed clinical efficacy in the treatment of obesity and also improved cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists have also good prospects in other therapeutic areas, including smoking and alcohol addiction as well as cognitive impairment. Solvay's research achievements in this fast-moving field are reported in relation with the current state of the art. Several medicinal chemistry strategies have been pursued. The application of the concept of conformational constraint led to the discovery of more rigid analogs of the prototypic CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant. Replacement of the central heterocyclic pyrazole ring in rimonabant yielded imidazoles, triazoles, and thiazoles as selective CB1 receptor antagonists. Dedicated medium-throughput screening efforts delivered one 3,4-diarylpyrazoline hit. Its poor pharmacokinetic properties were successfully optimized which led to the discovery of orally active and highly CB1/CB2 receptor selective analogs in this series. Regioisomeric 1,5-diarylpyrazolines, 1,2-diarylimidazolines, and water-soluble imidazoles have been designed as novel CB1 receptor antagonist structure classes.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Humans; Imidazoles; Isomerism; Models, Chemical; Obesity; Piperidines; Pyrazoles; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; Rimonabant; Solubility; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiazoles; Triazoles; Water

Replacing the conventional pyrazole 5-aryl substituent of 1 (SR141716A) with the 2-thienyl moiety appended with an appropriate alkynyl unit, a novel class of 5-(5-alkynyl-2-thienyl)pyrazole derivatives, behaving as highly potent CB1 receptor antagonists with good CB1/2 selectivity, was discovered, many of which, as typified by compound 18, showed significant weight reduction in diet-induced obese mouse model, thus pharmacologically validating that the bioisosteric replacement described above is viable. Also encouraging was the finding that a subtle structural modification of the newly developed series could result in a distinct difference in the intrinsic property, as demonstrated by compounds 12 (NA) and its methylated structural isomers 15 (PA) and 18 (IA). Moreover, current structure-activity relationship studies revealed that around the pyrazole 5-position of 1, a deep and flat crevice surrounded by a sequence of hydrophobic/aromatic residues as indicated by the CB1-receptor homology model might exist in the binding site.

Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Mice; Mice, Obese; Piperidines; Pyrazoles; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Rimonabant; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thiophenes; Weight Loss

Based on the bioisosteric replacement of the pyrazole C3-carboxamide of rimonabant with a 5-alkyl oxadiazole ring, a novel class of oxadiazole derivatives with promising biological activity towards CB1 receptors was discovered. Among them, compounds with an alkyl linker containing a strong electron-withdrawing group (e.g., CF(3)) and a sterically favorable bulky group (e.g., t-butyl) exhibited excellent CB1 antagonism and selectivity, and thus might serve as potential candidates for further development as anti-obesity agents.

Topics: Amides; Cell Line; Humans; Isomerism; Molecular Structure; Piperidines; Pyrazoles; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; Rimonabant; Structure-Activity Relationship

A series of N1 and C5 substituted cycloalkyl and C5 4-methylphenyl analogues of the N-(piperidin-1-yl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide class of cannabinoid ligands were synthesized. The analogues were evaluated for CB1 and CB2 receptor binding affinities and receptor subtype selectivity. The effects of pyrazole substitution on ligand conformation and as such receptor affinities was not readily apparent; therefore, the geometries of the N1 and C5 substituents relative to the pyrazole ring were studied using high field NMR spectroscopy and systematic molecular mechanics geometry searches. An analysis of the relative ring geometries and functional group orientations provides new insight into the structural requirements of the CB1 and CB2 ligand binding pocket.

Topics: Animals; Biochemistry; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Ligands; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Piperidines; Pyrazoles; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; Structure-Activity Relationship