piperidines and propiverine

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Benzilates; Chi-Square Distribution; Cholinergic Antagonists; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dementia; Donepezil; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Indans; Male; Middle Aged; Piperidines; Prospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Bladder, Overactive

Propiverine is a commonly used antimuscarinic drug used as therapy for symptoms of an overactive bladder. Propiverine is extensively biotransformed into several metabolites that could contribute to its spasmolytic action. In fact, three propiverine metabolites (M-5, M-6 and M-14) have been shown to affect various detrusor functions, including contractile responses and L-type calcium-currents, in humans, pigs and mice, albeit with different potency. The aim of our study was to provide experimental evidence for the relationship between the binding of propiverine and its metabolites to human muscarinic receptor subtypes (hM(1)-hM(5)) expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells, and to examine the effects of these compounds on muscarinic receptor-mediated detrusor function. Propiverine, M-5, M-6 and M-14 bound to hM(1)-hM(5) receptors with the same order of affinity for all five subtypes: M-6 > propiverine > M-14 > M-5. In HEK-293 cells expressing hM(3), carbachol-induced release of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) was suppressed by propiverine and its metabolites; the respective concentration-response curves for carbachol-induced Ca(2+)-responses were shifted to the right. At higher concentrations, propiverine and M-14, but not M-5 and M-6, directly elevated [Ca(2+)](i). These results were confirmed for propiverine in human detrusor smooth muscle cells (hDSMC). Propiverine and the three metabolites decreased detrusor contractions evoked by electric field stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner, the order of potency being the same as the order of binding affinity. We conclude that, in comparison with the parent compound, loss of the aliphatic side chain in propiverine metabolites is associated with higher binding affinity to hM(1)-hM(5) receptors and higher functional potency. Change from a tertiary to a secondary amine (M-14) results in lower binding affinity and reduced potency. Oxidation of the nitrogen (M-5) further lowers binding affinity as well as functional potency.

Topics: Animals; Benzilates; Binding, Competitive; Calcium; Carbachol; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; CHO Cells; Cholinergic Antagonists; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Molecular Structure; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; N-Methylscopolamine; Parasympatholytics; Piperidines; Potassium Chloride; Receptors, Muscarinic; Urinary Bladder

The effects of a new tachykinin NK(1) receptor antagonist, (aR, 9R)-7-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-8,9,10, 11-tetrahydro-9-methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-7H-[1,4]diazocino[2,1-g] [1, 7]naphthyridine-6,13-dione (TAK-637), on the micturition reflex were compared with those of drugs used for abnormally frequent micturition or incontinence. TAK-637 showed a characteristic effect on the distension-induced rhythmic bladder contractions in guinea pigs. The systemic administration of TAK-637 decreased the number but not the amplitude of the distension-induced rhythmic bladder contractions. A similar effect was observed in animals in which the spinal cord had been severed. TAK-637 also inhibited the micturition reflex induced by topical application of capsaicin onto the surface of bladder dome. From these results, it is concluded that TAK-637 inhibits sensory transmissions from the bladder evoked by both physiological and nociceptive stimuli by blocking tachykinin NK(1) receptors, possibly at the level of the spinal cord. On the other hand, the other drugs such as oxybutynin, tolterodine, propiverine, and inaperisone showed no effects on the frequency of the distension-induced rhythmic bladder contractions but decreased the contraction amplitude. Therefore, TAK-637 may represent a new class of drugs, which would be effective for abnormally frequent micturition without causing voiding difficulties due to decreased voiding pressure.

Topics: Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzilates; Capsaicin; Cholinergic Antagonists; Cresols; Dilatation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Male; Mandelic Acids; Muscarinic Antagonists; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Naphthyridines; Parasympatholytics; Phenylpropanolamine; Piperidines; Propiophenones; Receptors, Tachykinin; Reflex; Tolterodine Tartrate; Urinary Bladder; Urination

The reaction of propiverinhydrochloride (1) and 1-methyl-4-piperidyl benzilate (2) with the biomimetic system manganese(III)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin chloride (MnTPFPPCl)/pyridine/hydrogen peroxide affords unchanged 1 and 2 and 15 potential metabolites, which were isolated and identified. These compounds are products of cleavage of the ester bond, of O-dealkylation, aromatic oxidation, respectively of decarboxylation, demethylation, and N-oxidation, Products were identified by TLC, UV, and MS in comparison with authentic samples. Thereby we found a nearly conformity with rat metabolism.

Topics: Animals; Benzilates; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Mass Spectrometry; Oxidation-Reduction; Piperidines; Rats; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Benzilates; Drug Interactions; In Vitro Techniques; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Phenobarbital; Piperidines; Rats