piperidines and 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl

Piperine, as the most abundant alkaloid in pepper, gained a lot of attention for possible antioxidant and therapeutic properties. Electrochemical techniques were applied to widely evaluate the redox behavior of piperine by comparison to that of well-known antioxidants: ascorbic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, tyrosine and capsaicin used as controls. Also, electrochemistry was involved in an innovative way to investigate the potential antioxidant properties of piperine combined with different in vitro peroxidation and reducing assays: (i) 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH) scavenging; (ii) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy (TEMPO) scavenging; (iii) ferric ions (Fe

Topics: Alkaloids; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Benzodioxoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Cyclic N-Oxides; Electrochemical Techniques; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Hydrogen Peroxide; Iron; Oxidation-Reduction; Picrates; Piperidines; Polyunsaturated Alkamides

A group of N-benzylpiperidine-3/4-carbohydrazide-hydrazones were designed, synthesized and evaluated for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities, Aβ

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Antioxidants; Benzothiazoles; Biphenyl Compounds; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophorus; Horses; Humans; Hydrazones; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Neuroprotective Agents; Picrates; Piperidines; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfonic Acids

Mushrooms are valued for their nutritional as well as medicinal properties. Ganoderma species are used traditionally to treat neurological disorders but scientific evidence for this is insufficient. The present study was designed to systematically evaluate the anti-amnesic effect of selected Ganoderma species i.e. G. mediosinense and G. ramosissimum. Extracts of selected mushroom species were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition using in-vitro assays (DPPH and Ellman tests respectively). The anti-amnesic potential of the most active extract (i.e. 70% methanol extract of G. mediosinense) was confirmed using mouse model of scopolamine-induced amnesia. Mice were treated with bioactive extract and donepezil once orally before the induction of amnesia. Cognitive functions were evaluated using passive shock avoidance (PSA) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. The effect on brain AChE activity, brain oxidative stress (TBARS level) and neuronal damage (H & E staining) were also assessed. In-vitro results showed strong antioxidant and AChE inhibitory activities by G. mediosinense extract (GME). Therefore, it was selected for in-vivo studies. GME pre-treatment (800mg/kg, p.o.) reversed the effect of scopolamine in mice, evident by significant decrease (p <0.05) in the transfer latency time and increase in object recognition index in PSA and NOR, respectively. GME significantly reduced the brain AChE activity and oxidative stress. Histopathological examination of brain tissues showed decrease in vacuolated cytoplasm and increase in pyramidal cells in brain hippocampal and cortical regions. GME exerts anti-amnesic effect through AChE inhibition and antioxidant mechanisms.

Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Amnesia; Animals; Antioxidants; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Biphenyl Compounds; Brain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition; Disease Models, Animal; Donepezil; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ganoderma; GPI-Linked Proteins; Indans; Male; Memory; Mice; Nootropic Agents; Picrates; Piperidines; Reaction Time; Recognition, Psychology; Scopolamine; Time Factors