phytoestrogens and glycitin

A multicentric, open, prospective, observational and no-randomized clinical trial was carried out in Spain with 190 postmenopausal women receiving a soy preparation rich in isoflavones (PHYTO SOYA, capsules containing 17.5 mg isoflavones). The main object of the present study was to investigate its efficacy in alleviating the symptomatology derived from the lack of estrogen, mainly hot flushes, but also other symptoms such as sleep disorder, anxiety, depression, vaginal dryness, loss of libido and bone pain. Each patient received 35 mg isoflavones per day in two doses. During the four months' treatment, a statistically significant decrease in the number of hot flushes with PHYTO SOYA was experienced by 80.82% women; only 5,48% patients did not improve with the treatment. The average reduction was 47.8%, which is equivalent to 4 hot flushes. All the other studied parameters also showed a statistically significant decrease. No severe side-effects were reported and tolerance was excellent. Treatment with PHYTO SOYA resulted in a significant improvement of the symptomatology that accompanies the lack of estrogen during menopause.

Topics: Anxiety; Blood Pressure; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Climacteric; Depression; Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; Female; Glycine max; Hot Flashes; Humans; Isoflavones; Menopause; Metrorrhagia; Middle Aged; Molecular Structure; Pain; Phytoestrogens; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Preparations; Prospective Studies; Sleep Wake Disorders; Spectrum Analysis; Statistics as Topic; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome

Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic joint disease, is characterized by cartilage surface erosion, subchondral bone rebuilding, and formation of osteophytes. To date, the nosogenesis and underlying mechanisms of OA have not yet been elucidated. However, it is widely accepted that TNF-α is a crucial cytokine in the development of OA. Glycitin, a natural isoflavone extracted from legumes, affects physiological reactions and pathological responses. Recently, the anti-inflammatory effect of glycitin has been reported. However, the function of glycitin in cartilage degeneration in OA remains to be investigated. In the current study, primary murine chondrocytes were isolated and stimulated by TNF-α to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects and protective function of glycitin in chondrocytes. In vivo, the ACLT mouse model, a frequently-used OA model, was used to further examine the therapeutic role of glycitin in cartilage degeneration and inflammation in OA. Consequently, glycitin functions were examined both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of action of glycitin was investigated and was found to involve the NF-κB signaling pathway. Collectively, this study suggests that glycitin can be potentially used for the treatment of joint degenerative diseases, including OA.

Topics: Animals; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Cartilage; Cells, Cultured; Isoflavones; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Osteoarthritis; Phytoestrogens

We evaluated the relationship between urine concentrations of phyto-oestrogens (isoflavones and lignans) and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and elderly Chinese residing in Singapore. Urine metabolites of isoflavones and lignans were assayed by HPLC among 564 diabetes cases and 564 matched controls in a case-control study nested within the Singapore Chinese Health Study cohort. Participants were free of diagnosed diabetes, CVD and cancer at morning urine collections during 1999-2004. Cases were participants who reported to have physician-diagnosed diabetes at follow-up visits during 2006-2010, whereas controls were randomly selected among those who remained free of diabetes and were matched to the index cases by age, sex, dialect group and date of urine collection. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate OR and 95 % CI with adjustment for potential confounders. The mean age of the participants at the time of urine collection was 59·8 years, and the average interval between urine collection and diabetes diagnosis was 4·0 years. The multivariate-adjusted OR for diabetes were 1·00 (reference), 0·76 (95 % CI 0·52, 1·11), 0·78 (95 % CI 0·53, 1·14) and 0·79 (95 % CI 0·54, 1·15) across quartiles of urine isoflavones (P for trend=0·54), and were 1·00 (reference), 0·87 (95 % CI 0·60, 1·27), 1·10 (95 % CI 0·77, 1·56) and 0·93 (95 % CI 0·63, 1·37) for lignans (P for trend=0·93). The results were similar in men and women, as well as for individual metabolites of isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, glycitin and equol) or lignans (enterodiol and enterolactone). The present study did not find a significant association between urine phyto-oestrogen metabolites and risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults.

Topics: Asian People; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Equol; Female; Genistein; Humans; Isoflavones; Lignans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Phytoestrogens; Risk Factors; Singapore

The present study investigated the cytoprotective properties of glycitein, a metabolite formed by the transformation of glycitin by intestinal microflora, against oxidative stress. Glycitein was found to scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and thereby preventing lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Glycitein inhibited apoptosis of Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) via radical scavenging activity. Glycitein abrogated the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) induced by H(2)O(2) treatment and inhibited DNA binding activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1), a downstream transcription factor of JNK. Taken together, these findings suggest that glycitein protected H(2)O(2) induced cell death in V79-4 cells by inhibiting ROS generation and JNK activation.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Blotting, Western; Cells, Cultured; Comet Assay; Cricetinae; Cytoprotection; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Fibroblasts; Flow Cytometry; Free Radical Scavengers; Hydrogen Peroxide; Isoflavones; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Luciferases; Lung; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; Oxidants; Oxidative Stress; Phytoestrogens; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Reactive Oxygen Species; Transcription Factor AP-1

To examine the effect of daidzin, genistin, and glycitin on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (MSC) and the adipogenic transdifferentiation of osteoblasts.. MTT test, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement, Oil Red O stain and measurement were employed.. Daidzin, genistin, and glycitin 1*10(-8), 5*10(-7), 1*10(-6), 5*10(-6), and 1*10(-5) mol/L all promoted the proliferation of primary mouse bone MSC and osteoblasts. Daidzin 5*10(-7) mol/L and genistin 1*10(-6) mol/L promoted the osteogenesis of MSC. Genistin 1*10(-8), 5*10(-7), 1*10(-6), 5*10(-6), and 1*10(-5) mol/L and glycitin 1*10(-8), 1*10(-6), and 1*10(-5) mol/L inhibited the adipogenesis of MSC. Daidzin, genistin, and glycitin 1*10(-8), 5*10(-7), 1*10(-6), 5*10(-6), and 1*10(-5) mol/L all inhibited the adipocytic transdifferentiation of osteoblasts.. Daidzin, genistin, and glycitin may modulate differentiation of MSC to cause a lineage shift toward the osteoblast and away from the adipocytes, and could inhibit adipocytic transdifferen-tiation of osteoblasts. They could also be helpful in preventing the development of osteonecrosis.

Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Differentiation; Isoflavones; Mice; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Phytoestrogens; Stromal Cells