phytochlorin and manganese-dioxide

As one kind of redox active layered transition-metal dioxide nanomaterials, single-layer manganese dioxide (MnO

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Biosensing Techniques; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorophyllides; Colorimetry; Contrast Media; Doxorubicin; Drug Carriers; Electrochemical Techniques; Humans; Manganese Compounds; Nanostructures; Neoplasms; Oxides; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins

Biofilms have become one of the fundamental issues for chronic infections, while traditional therapies are often ineffective in removing quiescent (persister) cells from biofilms, resulting in a variety of implant-related or nosocomial infections. Recently, bacteriophage (phage) therapy has reflourished in research and clinical trials. However, phage therapy alone manifested many intrinsic defects, including poor biofilm penetration, incomplete clearance of quiescent cells, etc. In this study, a phage-Chlorin e6 (Ce6)-manganese dioxide nanocomposite (PCM) was constructed by mild biomineralization. The results demonstrated that PCM contained both the vigorous activities of host bacterial targeting and efficient delivery of Ce6 to penetrate the biofilm. Assisted with NIR irradiation, robust reactive oxygen species (ROS) was triggered within the biofilm. In the weak acidic and GSH-rich infection niche, PCM was degraded into ultra-small nanosheets, endowing PCM with moderate photothermal therapy (PTT) effects and considerable Mn

Topics: Biofilms; Nanocomposites; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Wound Healing

Coronavirus represents an inspiring model for designing drug delivery systems due to its unique infection machinery mechanism. Herein, we have developed a biomimetic viruslike nanocomplex, termed SDN, for improving cancer theranostics. SDN has a unique core-shell structure consisting of photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (CeNLC) (virus core)@poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-functionalized MnO

Topics: Bionics; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorophyllides; Contrast Media; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Immunotherapy; Manganese Compounds; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Oxides; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Polyamines; SARS-CoV-2

Nanozymes, as a kind of artificial mimic enzymes, have superior catalytic capacity and stability. As lack of O2 in tumor cells can cause resistance to drugs, we designed drug delivery liposomes (MnO2-PTX/Ce6@lips) loaded with catalase-like nanozymes of manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs), paclitaxel (PTX) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) to consume tumor's native H2O2 and produce O2. Based on the catalysis of MnO2 NPs, a large amount of oxygen was produced by MnO2-PTX/Ce6@lips to burst the liposomes and achieve a responsive release of the loaded drug (paclitaxel), and the released O2 relieved the chemoresistance of tumor cells and provided raw materials for photodynamic therapy. Subsequently, MnO2 NPs were decomposed into Mn2+ in an acidic tumor environment to be used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. The MnO2-PTX/Ce6@lips enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in bearing-tumor mice, even achieving complete cure. These results indicated the great potential of MnO2-PTX/Ce6@lips for the modulation of the TME and the enhancement of chemotherapy and PDT along with MRI tracing in the treatment of tumors.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cell Survival; Chlorophyllides; Contrast Media; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Light; Liposomes; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Manganese Compounds; Mice; Nanoparticles; Nanostructures; Neoplasms; Oxides; Oxygen; Paclitaxel; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Theranostic Nanomedicine

Silk fibroin (SF), derived from Bombyx mori, is a category of fibrous protein with outstanding potential for applications in the biomedical and biotechnological fields. In spite of its many advantageous properties, the exploration of SF as a versatile nanodrug precursor for tumor therapy has still been restricted in recent years. Herein, a multifunctional SF-derived nanoplatform was facilely developed via encapsulating the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) into MnO2-capped SF nanoparticles (NPs). SF@MnO2 nanocarriers were synthesized through a surface crystallization technique, using SF as a reductant and sacrificial template. Afterwards, Ce6 was covalently incorporated into the loose structure of the SF@MnO2 nanocarrier on the basis of adsorption to abundant peptide-binding sites. To modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME), SF@MnO2/Ce6 (SMC) NPs were capable of catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2 into O2, which can be converted into cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) during photodynamic therapy (PDT). Moreover, the MnO2 component was able to oxidize intracellular glutathione (GSH) into non-reducing glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and the consumption of GSH could significantly protect the local ROS from being reduced, which further augmented the therapeutic outcome of PDT. Via another angle, SMC NPs can produce strong hyperthermia under near-infrared (NIR) light activation, which was highly desirable for efficient photothermal therapy (PTT). Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the intense tumor inhibitory effects as a result of augmented PTT/PDT mediated by SMC NPs. We believe that this study may provide useful insights for employing SF-based nanocomposites for more medical applications in the near future.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorophyllides; Crystallization; Female; Fibroins; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Infrared Rays; Manganese Compounds; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms, Experimental; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Reactive Oxygen Species; Surface Properties; Tumor Microenvironment

This study aimed to investigate the use of glycol chitosan (GC) for the synthesis of MnO

Topics: Animals; Cell Death; Cell Hypoxia; Chitosan; Chlorophyllides; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lipopolysaccharides; Low-Level Light Therapy; Macrophage Activation; Manganese Compounds; Mice; Nanoparticles; Oxides; Oxygen; Particle Size; Photochemotherapy; Porphyrins; RAW 264.7 Cells; Water

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is commonly employed in clinics to treat the cancer, but because of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment prevalent inside tumors, PDT therapeutic efficiency is not adequate hence limiting the effectiveness of PDT. Therefore, we designed a nanocomposite consisting of reduced nanographene oxide (rGO) modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG), manganese dioxide (MnO

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorophyllides; Female; Fluorides; Gadolinium; Graphite; Humans; Infrared Rays; Manganese Compounds; Mice; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Oxides; Oxygen; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Polyethylene Glycols; Porphyrins; Tumor Microenvironment; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

The development of intelligent and precise cancer therapy systems that enable accurate diagnosis and specific elimination of cancer cells while protecting normal cells to improve the safety and effectiveness of the treatment is still a challenge. Herein, we report a novel activatable nanodevice for precise cancer therapy. The nanodevice is constructed by adsorbing a DNA duplex probe onto MnO2 nanosheets. After cellular uptake, the DNA duplex probe undergoes telomerase-triggered conformation switching, resulting in a Ce6 "turn-on" signal for the identification of cancer cells. Furthermore, Deoxyribozyme (DNAzyme) is activated to catalyse the cleavage of survivin mRNA, actualizing a precise synergistic therapy in cancer cells involving photodynamic therapy and gene-silencing. The MnO2 nanosheets provide Mn2+ for the DNAzyme and relieve hypoxia to improve the efficiency of the photodynamic therapy. Live cell studies reveal that this nanodevice can diagnose cancer cells and specifically eliminate them without harming normal cells, so making the treatment safer and more effective. The developed DNA-MnO2 nanodevice provides a valuable and general platform for precise cancer therapy.

Topics: Catechin; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Chlorophyllides; DNA; DNA, Catalytic; Gene Silencing; Humans; Light; Manganese Compounds; Nanostructures; Neoplasms; Oxides; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; RNA, Messenger; Survivin; Telomerase

Multifunctional intelligent theranostics agents are promising for next-generation oncotherapy. We fabricated a tumor-microenvironment (TME)-responsive carbon nanotube (CNT)-based nanoplatform for T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided synergistic photodynamic and photothermal therapy (PDT and PTT). CNTs convert near infrared (NIR) radiation into hyperthermia for PTT, and can effectively deliver their cargo into cells due to their unique 1D nanostructure. The CNT@MnO2-PEG@Ce6 nanomedicine was internalized into tumor cells, and rapidly released the photosensitizer (Ce6) in response to the low pH and high glutathione (GSH) levels characteristic of the TME. The degradation of the MnO2 layer under the same conditions released Mn2+ for T1-MRI. Furthermore, catalytic decomposition of the excess H2O2 into oxygen by MnO2 enhanced the efficacy of PDT, relieved hypoxia, and increased consumption of superfluous GSH to mitigate the effects of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during PDT. MRI-guided PDT and PTT synergistically inhibited tumor cell growth in vitro, and ablated tumors in vivo. The side effects were negligible due to specific tumor cell targeting via surface modification with folic-PEG, and enhanced permeability and retention. Taken together, CNT@MnO2-PEG is a fully TME-responsive theranostics nanoplatform for targeted tumor ablation and real-time disease tracking.

Topics: Animals; Catalysis; Chlorophyllides; Female; Glutathione; HeLa Cells; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Infrared Rays; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Manganese Compounds; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nanotubes, Carbon; Neoplasms; Oxides; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Photothermal Therapy; Polyethylene Glycols; Porphyrins; Theranostic Nanomedicine; Tumor Microenvironment

The current trend of cancer therapy has changed from monotherapy to synergistic or combination therapies. Among the treatment strategies, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and starvation therapy are widely employed together. However, the therapeutic effect of these treatments could lead to strong resistance and poor prognosis due to tumor hypoxia. Therefore, a smart nanoplatform (MONs-GOx@MnO2-Ce6) has been constructed herein by the assembly of glucose oxidase (GOx)-coated mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs) and MnO2 nanosheets-chlorin e6 (Ce6), which form a nanosystem. Once MONs-GOx@MnO2-Ce6 enter tumor cells, it catalyzes the oxidation of glucose using oxygen (O2) and generates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and gluconic acid, the former of which may accelerate the decomposition of MnO2 nanosheets. The released MnO2 nanosheets would regenerate O2 in the presence of H2O2. In this case, MnO2 nanosheets serve as (i) a nanocarrier and fluorescence quencher for the photosensitizer Ce6, (ii) a degradable material that is activated by the tumor microenvironment (TME) for fluorescence recovery, and (iii) an O2-producing carrier that reacts with H2O2 for relieving hypoxia in the tumor, which contributes to the combined starvation/photodynamic cancer therapy since these treatment strategies need O2. MONs-GOx@MnO2-Ce6 could not only realize cancer cell imaging, but also reduce intracellular glucose uptake and Glut1 expression, inhibiting the metabolism of cancer cells. This strategy shows great potential for clinical applications.

Topics: Chlorophyllides; Glucose Oxidase; HeLa Cells; Humans; Manganese Compounds; Microscopy, Confocal; Nanoparticles; Nanostructures; Neoplasms; Organosilicon Compounds; Oxides; Oxygen; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Tumor Hypoxia

We demonstrate a MnO2-based nanoreactor to achieve continuous oxygen generation and efficient conversion from glucose to singlet oxygen for combined photodynamic-starvation therapy.

Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Chlorophyllides; Enzymes, Immobilized; Female; Glucose; Glucose Oxidase; Hydrogen Peroxide; Manganese Compounds; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Oxides; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Singlet Oxygen; Tumor Hypoxia

Topics: Animals; Blood Circulation; Cell Survival; Chlorophyllides; Doxorubicin; Drug Liberation; Female; Glutathione; HeLa Cells; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Manganese Compounds; Mice, Nude; Nanoparticles; Oxides; Porosity; Porphyrins; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Silicon Dioxide; Singlet Oxygen; Tumor Hypoxia; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer ablation method, but its efficiency is easily affected by several factors, such as the insufficient delivery of photosensitizers, low oxygen levels as well as long distance between singlet oxygen and intended organelles. A multifunctional nanohybrid, named MGAB, consisting of gelatin-coated manganese dioxide and albumin-coated gold nanoclusters, was designed to overcome these issues by improving chlorin e6 (Ce6) delivery and stimulating oxygen production in lysosomes. MGAB were quickly degraded in a high hydrogen peroxide, high protease activity, and low pH microenvironment, which is closely associated with tumor growth. The Ce6-loaded MGAB were picked up by tumor cells through endocytosis, degraded within the lysosomes, and released oxygen and photosensitizers. Upon near-infrared light irradiation, the close proximity of oxygen with photosensitizer within lysosomes enabled the production of cytotoxic singlet oxygen, resulting in more effective PDT.

Topics: Chlorophyllides; Drug Carriers; Endocytosis; Humans; Infrared Rays; Lysosomes; Manganese Compounds; Oxides; Oxygen; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Singlet Oxygen

The combination of chemotherapy with photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted broad attention as it can overcome limitations of conventional chemo-treatment by using different modes of action. However, the efficacy of PDT to treat solid tumors is severely affected by hypoxia in tumors.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorophyllides; Combined Modality Therapy; Doxorubicin; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Manganese Compounds; MCF-7 Cells; Mice; Mice, Nude; Nanoparticles; Oxides; Oxygen; Photoacoustic Techniques; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Polyesters; Polyethylene Glycols; Porphyrins; Theranostic Nanomedicine; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been applied in cancer treatment by utilizing reactive oxygen species to kill cancer cells. However, a high concentration of glutathione (GSH) is present in cancer cells and can consume reactive oxygen species. To address this problem, we report the development of a photosensitizer-MnO2 nanosystem for highly efficient PDT. In our design, MnO2 nanosheets adsorb photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6), protect it from self-destruction upon light irradiation, and efficiently deliver it into cells. The nanosystem also inhibits extracellular singlet oxygen generation by Ce6, leading to fewer side effects. Once endocytosed, the MnO2 nanosheets are reduced by intracellular GSH. As a result, the nanosystem is disintegrated, simultaneously releasing Ce6 and decreasing the level of GSH for highly efficient PDT. Moreover, fluorescence recovery, accompanied by the dissolution of MnO2 nanosheets, can provide a fluorescence signal for monitoring the efficacy of delivery.

Topics: Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Chlorophyllides; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Glutathione; Humans; Manganese Compounds; MCF-7 Cells; Mice, Nude; Nanostructures; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Reactive Oxygen Species