pheophytin-a and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium-hexafluorophosphate

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been considered as "green" substitutes for traditional organic solvents in many existing biological and chemical areas. However, they have high solubility and poor biodegradability in water, suggesting that they could become persistent chemical pollutants in aquatic environment. The ability of two widely used imidazolium-based ILs to affect the growth and physiological characteristics of a marine diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) was investigated in this study. The diatom was exposed to different concentrations of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C

Topics: China; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyll A; Diatoms; Environmental Monitoring; Imidazoles; Ionic Liquids; Lipid Peroxidation; Photosynthesis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxide Dismutase; Water Pollutants, Chemical

In the present study, the toxic effects of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Omim]Cl), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([Omim]Br) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Omim]BF4) in soil on Vicia faba (V. faba) seedlings at 0, 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg kg(-1) were assessed for the first time at the cellular and molecular level. Moreover, the toxicity of these three ionic liquids (ILs) was evaluated, and the influence of anions on the toxicity of the ILs was assessed. The results showed that even at 100 mg kg(-1), the growth of V. faba seedlings was inhibited after exposure to the three ILs, and the inhibitory effect was enhanced with increasing concentrations of the three ILs. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased after exposure to the three ILs, which resulted in lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and oxidative damage in the cells of the V. faba seedlings. In addition, the anion structure could influence the toxicity of ILs, and toxicity of the three tested ILs decreased in the following order: [Omim]BF4 > [Omim]Br > [Omim]Cl. Moreover, oxidative damage is the primary mechanism by which ILs exert toxic effects on crops, and ILs could reduce the agricultural productivity.

Topics: Anions; Ascorbic Acid; Carotenoids; Catalase; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyll A; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutathione; Hydrogen Peroxide; Imidazoles; Ionic Liquids; Lipid Peroxidation; Reactive Oxygen Species; Seedlings; Soil; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxides; Vicia faba