peramivir and umifenovir

Influenza is a major threat to millions of people worldwide. Vaccines and antiviral agents are two main options available to reduce the impact of the influenza virus, while anti-influenza agents are the most effective means to prevent the transmission of the highly contagious virus and to treat the epidemics of disease. At present, four anti-influenza agents have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of influenza, including two M2 protein ion channel inhibitors-amantadine and rimantadine and two neuraminidase inhibitors-zanamivir and oseltamivir. Arbidol hydrochloride, launched in Russia, is a potent inhibitor of influenza virus, too. Neuraminidase inhibitors could be classified generally by structure into six different kinds: sialic acid derivatives, benzoic acid derivatives, cyclohexene derivatives, cyclopentane derivatives, pyrrolidine derivatives and natural products. In this paper, recent progress in the research of the action mechanisms and structure-activity relationships of these anti-influenza virus agents were reviewed.

Topics: Acids, Carbocyclic; Amantadine; Antiviral Agents; Cyclopentanes; Guanidines; Humans; Indoles; Influenza, Human; Neuraminidase; Orthomyxoviridae; Oseltamivir; Pyrrolidines; Rimantadine; Structure-Activity Relationship; Viral Matrix Proteins; Zanamivir

Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a public health emergency of international concern. This was first noted in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and since then has become widespread globally. We report a 71-year-old woman with documented viral shedding (based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing) of SARS-CoV-2 for 60 days from the onset of symptoms (55 days from her first positive test and 36 days after complete resolution of symptoms). This is to our knowledge the longest duration of viral shedding reported to date. This case demonstrates that viral shedding after COVID-19 diagnosis can be prolonged.

Topics: Acids, Carbocyclic; Aged; Betacoronavirus; China; Coronavirus Infections; COVID-19; Cyclopentanes; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Female; Guanidines; Humans; Indoles; Lung; Moxifloxacin; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; SARS-CoV-2; Time Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome; Virus Shedding