peoniflorin and ferulic-acid

Qixue Shuangbu Prescription (QSP) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which has widely used for the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF). Preliminary clinical studies have shown that the efficacy of processed QSP (P-QSP) in treating CHF is greater than crude QSP (C-QSP). However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of its major bioactive components under pathological conditions are unclear.. This study aims to compare pharmacokinetics of seven bioactive components after oral administration of C-QSP and P-QSP in CHF model rats.. Ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, ferulic acid, astragaloside IV, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, and paeoniflorin in QSP were used as the target components. CHF model in rats was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin. A microdialysis combined with UPLC-MS/MS method was first established to compare the pharmacokinetics of seven major bioactive components in CHF model rats after oral administration of C-QSP and P-QSP.. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic investigation of seven major components of C-QSP and P-QSP following oral administration in CHF model rats. Compared with the C-QSP group, the C. The pharmacokinetic parameters of bioactive components were significantly changed for better bioavailability and absorption, longer lasting time elimination, which were beneficial for enhancing therapeutic efficacy in the P-QSP group. This study will provide a new perspective to explain the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation of P-QSP on the treatment of CHF.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Heart Failure; Microdialysis; Prescriptions; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The traditional Chinese medicine formula Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) has been reported to have estrogen-like effects and therapeutic effects on the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD).. To explore whether the central oxytocin and neuroendocrine system is involved in the modulating effects of DSS on the cognition and neuropsychiatric hebaviors in female AD rats, and to investigate the pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin and ferulic acid in female AD rats with DSS treatment.. DSS (1.2, 3.2, 8.6 g/kg/day) was orally administered to ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and saline was orally administered to sham operation rats as control group. The Morris water maze test, novel object recognition test, and passive avoidance test were conducted for evaluation of learning and memory abilities, while elevated plus maze test and forced swim test were performed to assess anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. ELISA kits were used to detect the levels of estrogen (E), estrogen receptor α (ERα), oxytocin (OT), oxytocin receptor (OTR), acetylcholine (Ach), acetylcholin esterase (AchE), and choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) in the cortex. The concentrations of Ach, glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) in the hippocampus were assessed by HPLC-MS. The changes of neuronal morphology in the hippocampus were observed by Nissl staining. The pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin and ferulic acid in OVX rats with DSS treatment were studied by HPLC.. In the Morris water maze test, novel object recognition test, and passive avoidance test, OVX rats showed cognitive impairment. In the elevated plus maze test and forced swim test, the anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors of OVX rats were significant as compared to the control group. Treatment of DSS significantly imporved the cognitive deficits, and ameliorated anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors of OVX rats. The expression of E, ERα, OT, OTR, AchE and ChAT in the cortex of model group were significantly decreased, and DSS significantly reversed these changes. The concentrations of Ach, Glu, GABA, 5-HT and NE in the hippocampus of OVX rats were significantly decreased, whereas DSS significantly increased the levels of Ach, Glu, GABA, 5-HT and NE. There was no significant difference in the concentration of DA in the hippocampus among groups. Degenerating neurons in the hippocampal CA3 region were observed in OVX rats, and the number of neurons was decreased. DSS treatment reduced the degenerating neurons, and incresed the number of neurons. The MRT (0 - ∞), AUC (0 - ∞), Cmax and t1/2z values of paeoniflorin, and the AUC. DSS improves the learning and memory ability, and attenuates anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors of OVX rats. The mechanism may be through increasing estrogen, reducing cholinergic damage, and modulating neurotransmitters. The increase in absorption and elimination time of paeoniflorin and ferulic acid in OVX rats may enhance the efficacy of DSS.

Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Dopamine; Estrogen Receptor alpha; Estrogens; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; Norepinephrine; Ovariectomy; Oxytocin; Rats; Serotonin

Microglia hyperactivation is an important cause of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Paeoniflorin (PF), ferulic acid (FA), and atractylenolide III (ATL) are potent in anti-inflammation and neuroprotection. Multiple components can act on different targets simultaneously to exert synergistic therapeutic effects and exploring the synergistic potential between compounds is an important area of research. We investigated the effects of PF, FA, and ATL, alone or in combination, on LPS-induced neuroinflammation and autophagy in BV2 microglia cells. We found that PF, FA, and ATL, alone or in combination, significantly reduced the production of inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, especially in the PF + FA + ATL group, which performed the best. In addition, the combination of PF, FA, and ATL significantly increased the expression of autophagy-related proteins p-AMPK, p-ULK1, Beclin1, LC3, and TFEB and decreased the expression of p62. Moreover, the restoration of autophagic flux by the combination of PF, FA, and ATL was abrogated by the addition of the autophagy inhibitor Wortmannin. In conclusion, PF, FA, and ATL have a synergistic effect in reducing LPS-induced inflammatory factor release from BV2 microglia cells, and its protective effect may be through activation of the AMPK/ULK1/TFEB autophagic signaling pathway.

Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Autophagy; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Microglia; Neuroinflammatory Diseases

Hui Medicine ZhaLi NuSi Prescription (ZLNS) is described in "Hui Hui Prescription," and it has been used to treat cerebral infarction in Hui Region, China. In this study, a rapid and reliable ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established and applied to simultaneously determine geniposidic acid, oxypaeoniflorin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, caffeic acid, magnoflorine, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, β-ecdysterone, icariin, rhein, and baohuoside I in rat plasma. The pharmacokinetic parameters of these components and the influence of essential oils (EOs) on them were investigated in normal rats. The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC

Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Herb-Drug Interactions; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Male; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Xiaoyaosan is one of the famous formulas treating for liver, spleen and blood deficiency syndrome along Chinese history. Their five main components, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, and atractylenolide I are believed to partly representative of this formula. Ultra performance liquid chromatography method was newly established, UPLC BEH-C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with acetonitrile - 0.1% phosphate acid gradient elution system, in 0.4 mL/min and the temperature was 30 °C; Detection wavelengths were optimized separately. The five components were linear within their linear range (

Topics: Calibration; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Glucosides; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Lactones; Monoterpenes; Phytochemicals; Reproducibility of Results; Sesquiterpenes

Topics: Animals; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Male; Molecular Structure; Monoterpenes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenetic effects of Tokishakuyakusan (TSS), a traditional Japanese medicine (Kampo), and its ingredients, ferulic acid (FA) and paeoniflorin (PA) on endometriotic stromal cells (ESC) and peritoneal macrophages.. Endometriotic tissues were obtained from 16 patients and peritoneal macrophages were obtained from 11 patients that had undergone laparoscopic surgery for ovarian endometriosis. ESC isolated from endometriotic tissues and peritoneal macrophages were cultured, and pre-treated with 300 μg/mL of TSS, 500 μM FA or 50 μM PA. ESC and peritoneal macrophages were then stimulated with IL-1β. Concentrations of IL-8 and VEGF protein in supernatants were then detected and measured using specific ELISAs. TSS (4 g/kg body weight) was orally administered to female Sprague-Dawley rats. The concentration of FA in plasma and uteri was measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).　 RESULTS: TSS and FA but not PA decreased the secretion of inflammatory cytokine (IL-8) and angiogenic factor (VEGF) in ESC. TSS and FA also suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokine (IL-8) from peritoneal macrophages. FA was detected in plasma and in uterine tissues after the oral administration of TSS to rats.. Our study demonstrates that TSS has anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects on endometriosis related cells by controlling inflammatory cytokine and growth factor secretion from cells, and these effects, at least partially, may be due to the direct effects of the TSS ingredient FA.

Topics: Adult; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Coumaric Acids; Cytokines; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endometriosis; Endometrium; Female; Glucosides; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Medicine, Kampo; Middle Aged; Monoterpenes; Stromal Cells

The selection of quality control indicators in a complex system is a key scientific issue for the study of Chinese materia medica (CMM), which is directly related to its safety and efficacy. In order to scientifically understand and control the quality of CMM, quality marker (Q-marker) has been recently raised as a new concept, which provided a novel research idea for the quality control and evaluation of CMM.. By a new and integrated "spider-web" mode, Q-markers of Xuefu Zhuyu capsule (XZC) were comprehensively uncovered, conducing to great improvement of quality control of XZC.. Mainly established by three dimensions derived from six variables including content, stability and activity, "spider-web" mode was constructed to evaluate Q-marker property of candidate compounds by taking regression area of the tested compounds into account.. The candidate compounds with larger regression area were preferentially adopted as Q-markers, which should possess the satisfactorily integrated properties of content, stability and activity. Six compounds, naringin, isoliquiritin, paeoniflorin, protocatechuic acid, neohesperidin and ferulic acid, were identified and preferred as Q-markers of XZC.. Based on "spider-web" mode, Q-markers from Xuefu Zhuyu capsule were successfully screened, which would substantially perform quality control of XZC and prove the feasibility of "spider-web" mode in solving the selection of quality control indicators from compound formulae.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Capsules; Chalcone; Coumaric Acids; Drug Stability; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Glucosides; Hesperidin; Hydroxybenzoates; Materia Medica; Mice; Monoterpenes; Quality Control; RAW 264.7 Cells

A simple gradient high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was used to simultaneously to analyze characteristics of six indicator compounds in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation Wen-Qing-Yin (WQY). Separate optimization was performed using a Cosmosil C18 column gradient method with 0.1% formic acid in both mobile phases of aqueous and acetonitrile (ACN), at a flow rate, detection wavelength, and sample volume of 1.8 mL/min, 268 nm, and 10 μL, respectively. The linear regression of six active compounds berberine (BER), baicalin (BAI), ferulic acid (FER), geniposide (GEN), hydorxymethoxylfurfural (HMF), and paeoniflorin (PAE) was produced at the concentration range of 10-2000 μg/mL. The method validation revealed an acceptable precision (intra- and inter-day precision < 3.39% and 4.11%, respectively) and recovery (85.60-110.45% and 86.58-110.90%), a recovery range of 86.61-109.42%, and sensitivity (limit of detection [LOD] and limit of quantification [LOQ] values were in the range of 0.03-3.13, and 0.08-9.38 μg/mL, respectively) while the calibration curves were linear with a correlation coefficient (R

Topics: Berberine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Furaldehyde; Glucosides; Iridoids; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Monoterpenes

It is well-known that the public still have been facing on a severe issue about the inconsistency of quality and therapeutic efficacy of traditional medicines. Recently, Professor Chang-Xiao Liu has created a new promising concept for identifying relevant quality-markers (Q-marker) from herbs, their formulas and manufacturing products. Therefore, building up a new approach is necessary for us to bridge over quality to efficacy of pharmaceutical products.. In this paper, five candidate Q-markers, astragaloside IV, paeonflorin, amygdalin, tetramethylpyrazine, ferulic acid in Buyanghuanwu injection (BYHWI) had been designed to carry out in rat by using single and polypharmacokinetic models for total quanta to ascertain adequate Q-marker.. The Q-marker transitivity in vivo was studied with polypharmacokinetic model and its similarity approach, which were modeled with TQSM principle. The Q-marker was ascertained with transitive similarity and bioavailability in polypharmacokinetics. Their concentrations in plasma sample of white rat were determined by RP-HPLC. Data analyses were used by the DAS software for singles and myself-written-program with EXCEL for multiples.. In BYHWI, five candidate Q-marker pharmacokinetic profiles were singly fixed to two compartmental models in rat using classical compartmental analysis, but there were tremendous differences among which the candidate parameters were fluctuated from nearly 3552 folds to equivalency. The theoretical value of TQSM polypharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC. The results represented that the optimum Q-marker in BYHWI is astragaloside Ⅳ, whose transitivity in vivo similarity was close to the behavior of polypharmacokinetics with maximum bioavailability to the total quanta. It is feasible for Q-marker in CMMs to screen on the comparison of single pharmacokinetic behavior and bioavailability to the total quanta.

Topics: Amygdalin; Animals; Biological Availability; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Injections; Monoterpenes; Pyrazines; Rats, Wistar; Saponins; Triterpenes

Nowadays, to research and formulate an efficiency extraction system for Chinese herbal medicine, scientists have always been facing a great challenge for quality management, so that the transitivity of Q-markers in quantitative analysis of TCM was proposed by Prof. Liu recently. In order to improve the quality of extraction from raw medicinal materials for clinical preparations, a series of integrated mathematic models for transitivity of Q-markers in quantitative analysis of TCM were established. Buyanghuanwu decoction (BYHWD) was a commonly TCMs prescription, which was used to prevent and treat the ischemic heart and brain diseases. In this paper, we selected BYHWD as an extraction experimental subject to study the quantitative transitivity of TCM.. Based on theory of Fick's Rule and Noyes-Whitney equation, novel kinetic models were established for extraction of active components. Meanwhile, fitting out kinetic equations of extracted models and then calculating the inherent parameters in material piece and Q-marker quantitative transfer coefficients, which were considered as indexes to evaluate transitivity of Q-markers in quantitative analysis of the extraction process of BYHWD.. HPLC was applied to screen and analyze the potential Q-markers in the extraction process. Fick's Rule and Noyes-Whitney equation were adopted for mathematically modeling extraction process. Kinetic parameters were fitted and calculated by the Statistical Program for Social Sciences 20.0 software. The transferable efficiency was described and evaluated by potential Q-markers transfer trajectory via transitivity availability AUC, extraction ratio P, and decomposition ratio D respectively. The Q-marker was identified with AUC, P, D.. Astragaloside IV, laetrile, paeoniflorin, and ferulic acid were studied as potential Q-markers from BYHWD. The relative technologic parameters were presented by mathematic models, which could adequately illustrate the inherent properties of raw materials preparation and affection of Q-markers transitivity in equilibrium processing. AUC, P, D for potential Q-markers of AST-IV, laetrile, paeoniflorin, and FA were obtained, with the results of 289.9 mAu s, 46.24%, 22.35%; 1730 mAu s, 84.48%, 1.963%; 5600 mAu s, 70.22%, 0.4752%; 7810 mAu s, 24.29%, 4.235%, respectively.. The results showed that the suitable Q-markers were laetrile and paeoniflorin in our study, which exhibited acceptable traceability and transitivity in the extraction process of TCMs. Therefore, these novel mathematic models might be developed as a new standard to control TCMs quality process from raw medicinal materials to product manufacturing.

Topics: Amygdalin; Biomarkers, Pharmacological; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Kinetics; Models, Theoretical; Monoterpenes; Saponins; Triterpenes

Niuhuang Jiangya (NHJY) pill is one of the well-known Chinese patent medicines in China used in the treatment of high blood pressure. The primary purpose of this study was to establish and validate a method using HPLC with tandem MS for the quality evaluation of NHJY pill through simultaneous determination of the following five active components: baicalin, paeoniflorin, astragaloside IV, ferulic acid, and emodin. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Hypersil GOLD HPLC C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) with acetonitrile and water as mobile phase and gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The method established in this study was selective, linear, precise, and accurate and was successfully applied to evaluate five active components in NHJY pill collected from different production batches, which could be considered a good approach to control the quality of NHJY pill and other related botanical drugs.

Topics: Biological Products; China; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Emodin; Flavonoids; Glucosides; Monoterpenes; Saponins; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Triterpenes

Danggui-Shaoyao San (DSS) is a famous Chinese formula for activating blood circulation and promoting urination. This study was to investigate the difference of material basis between a blood-associated herbs group and a water-associated herbs group. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the formula can be divided into a blood-associated herbs group (Angelica sinensis, Paeonia lactiflora and Ligusticum chuanxiong) and a water-associated herbs group (Atractylodes macrocephala, Alisma orientale and Poria cocos). The HPLC fingerprint of the formula was established for quality control. Serum samples from rats, orally administrated DSS, and the decomposed recipes of DSS, were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and the transitional blood components of DSS were identified. Twenty-one common peaks were identified in the fingerprint of DSS. Contents of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, ferulic acid and alisol B 23-acetate in co-decoction were significantly higher than those in individual decoction. Eleven peaks belonged to the blood-associated herbs group (four metabolites and seven prototype components; paeoniflorin and ferulic acid appeared in prototype components), whereas six peaks belonged to the water-associated herbs group (three metabolites and three prototype components). It was concluded that the serum pharmacochemistry is a meaningful approach for clarifying the difference between blood-associated and water-associated herbs in chemical composition.

Topics: Animals; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Cholestenones; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Male; Monoterpenes; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serum; Solubility; Water

We developed a simultaneous analysis method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) for six principal compounds (atractylenolide III, alisol A, alisol B, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid and (Z)-ligustilide) in a traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine, tokishakuyakusan (TSS). The HPLC separation was conducted on a reversed-phase TSK-gel ODS-80TS column (4.6 i.d. × 250 mm, 5 µm) at 40°C with a 0.1% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile gradient system. The DAD detection wavelength was set at 205, 232 and 330 nm. Calibration curves for the compounds showed linear regressions with correlation coefficients of >0.999. The intra- and inter-day precision (i.e., the relative standard deviation) were in the range of 0.50-1.55 and 0.70-1.80%, respectively. The average recovery yields of the compounds ranged from 98.3 to 103%. The present results will contribute to shorter analysis times with less organic solvent compared with the individual analysis of each compound for the evaluation of TSS. The application of the established method to TSS will also provide helpful information for the further pharmacological and clinical studies.

Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Cholestenones; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Lactones; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Monoterpenes; Reproducibility of Results; Sesquiterpenes

Sulfur fumigation may induce the decrease or the chemical transformation of some active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines in vitro. Whether sulfur fumigation can cause the pharmacokinetic changes of the active ingredients in vivo is related to the efficacy and the safety of Chinese medicines' application clinically. A sensitive, specific, and accurate method for the simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, senkyunolide A, and senkyunolide I in rat plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was developed to evaluate the influence of sulfur fumigation to Si Wu Tang for the first time. Each compound was extracted from plasma samples by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, and the chromatographic separation was accomplished on an Agilent Extend C18 column with a linear gradient elution. The mass spectrometric detection and analysis were performed by using an AB Sciex triple quadrupole 5500 mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of four compounds in rats after oral administration of sun-dried and sulfur-fumigated Si Wu Tang. The results provided a meaningful basis for evaluating the affection of sulfur fumigation to the clinical application and the efficacy of Si Wu Tang.

Topics: Animals; Benzofurans; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fumigation; Glucosides; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Monoterpenes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sulfur

The present study aims to predict the action targets of antidepressant active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan to understand the "multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways" mechanism. Using network pharmacology, the reported antidepressant active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan (saikosaponin A, saikosaponin C, saikosaponin D, ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, atractylenolide I, atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid and pachymic acid), were used to predict the targets of main active ingredients of Xiaoyaosan according to reversed pharmacophore matching method. The prediction was made via screening of the antidepressive drug targets approved by FDA in the DrugBank database and annotating the information of targets with the aid of MAS 3.0 biological molecular function software. The Cytoscape software was used to construct the Xiaoyaosan ingredients-targets-pathways network. The network analysis indicates that the active ingredients in Xiaoyaosan involve 25 targets in the energy metabolism-immune-signal transmutation relevant biological processes. The antidepressant effect of Xiaoyaosan reflects the features of traditional Chinese medicine in multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways. This research provides a scientific basis for elucidation of the antidepressant pharmacological mechanism of Xiaoyaosan.

Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Coumaric Acids; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Glucosides; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Lactones; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Monoterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Software

Palmul-tang, a traditional herbal medicine, is composed of eight herbs (Ginseng radix, Glycyrrhizae radix, Hoelen, Atractylodis rhizoma, Angelicae gigantis radix, Cnidii rhizoma, Paeoniae radix and Rehmanniae radix) and exhibits various bioactivities, including antiallergic and antitumor effects. In this study, an effective, reliable and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 11 marker components in Palmul-tang: hydroxymethylfurfural, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, nodakenin, ginsenoside Rg1, decursinol, glycyrrhizin, 6-gingerol, ginsenoside Rg3 and decursin. All calibration curves of the 11 components indicated excellent linearity (correlation coefficient > 0.9997) within the test range. The limits of detection and quantification of each component were in the ranges of 0.08-1.03 and 0.23-3.11 µg/mL, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation values were within 1.65 and 2.71%, respectively. The mean recovery values were 94.49 to 101.10%. The established method was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of 11 major components in 12 commercial samples of Palmul-tang. The developed analytical method is simple and suitable for the quality control of Palmul-tang.

Topics: Angelica; Atractylodes; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Catechols; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Coumarins; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fatty Alcohols; Furaldehyde; Glucosides; Glycyrrhiza; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Monoterpenes; Panax; Rehmannia; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

In this present study, a sensitive and rapid UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous quantification of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, ferulic acid, tetrahydropalmatine, protopine, typhaneoside and senkyunolide I in Beagle dog plasma after oral administration of the Shao-Fu-Zhu-Yu Decoction. Chloramphenicol and clarithromycin were used as internal standards. Plasma samples were processed by protein precipitation with methanol. The separation was performed on an Acquity BEH C18 column (100mm×2.1mm, 1.7μm) at a flow-rate of 0.4mL/min, using 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile as mobile phase. Method validation was performed as per Food and Drug Administration guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. After validation, this method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study. The results showed that the apparent plasma clearance of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, typhaneoside and senkyunolide I were significantly higher than others. Double peak was observed in plasma concentration curves of tetrahydropalmatine, the ferulic acid had a good absorption in Beagle dog plasma, and senkyunolide I was detected in plasma from the first blood sampling time (15min) and rapidly reached Tmax. The compound of typhaneoside has a low bioavailability according to the results.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Benzofurans; Benzophenanthridines; Berberine Alkaloids; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Dogs; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Glucosides; Glycosides; Monoterpenes; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

We developed a sensitive and rapid method for determination of ferulic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, and paeoniflorin in rat plasma based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The separation of the four compounds was carried out on an AcQuity UHPLC™ BEH C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid). Electrospray ionization in positive and negative ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring was used to identify and quantify active components. All calibration curves gave good linearity (r > 0.991) over the concentration range from 4.24-2875 ngmL(-1) for all components. The precision of the in vivo study was evaluated by intraday and interday assays and the percentages of RSD were all within 10.6%. The recovery ranged from 60.2 to 77.9%. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of all three aromatic acids and one monoterpene in rat plasma. Furthermore, we compared the pharmacokinetics profile of the four compounds in normal and primary dysmenorrhea rats' plasma following oral administration of Shaofu Zhuyu decoction (SFZYD) and its ethanol supernatant extract (SFE).

Topics: Acids, Carbocyclic; Administration, Oral; Animals; Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Caffeic Acids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Glucosides; Monoterpenes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Vanillic Acid

The objective of the present study was to establish a method based on principal component analysis (PCA) for the study of transdermal delivery of multiple components in Chinese medicine, and to choose the best penetration enhancers for the active fraction of Xiangfusiwu decoction (BW) with this method. Improved Franz diffusion cells with isolated rat abdomen skins were carried out to experiment on the transdermal delivery of six active components, including ferulic acid, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, protopine, tetrahydropalmatine and tetrahydrocolumbamine. The concentrations of these components were determined by LC-MS/MS, then the total factor scores of the concentrations at different times were calculated using PCA and were employed instead of the concentrations to compute the cumulative amounts and steady fluxes, the latter of which were considered as the indexes for optimizing penetration enhancers. The results showed that compared to the control group, the steady fluxes of the other groups increased significantly and furthermore, 4% azone with 1% propylene glycol manifested the best effect. The six components could penetrate through skin well under the action of penetration enhancers. The method established in this study has been proved to be suitable for the study of transdermal delivery of multiple components, and it provided a scientific basis for preparation research of Xiangfusiwu decoction and moreover, it could be a reference for Chinese medicine research.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Alkenes; Animals; Azepines; Benzophenanthridines; Berberine Alkaloids; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Coumaric Acids; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Monoterpenes; Permeability; Plants, Medicinal; Principal Component Analysis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skin Absorption

To simultaneously determine paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 4'-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol in Zhengtian pills. In the test, Insertil ODS-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was adopted, with acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), the column temperature was 30 degrees C and the detection wavelength was 230 nm. According to the results of the test, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 4'-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol showed good linear relations between peak areas and sample sizes in 11.37-170.5, 2.188-32.82, 2.896-43.44, and 3.000-45.00 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.999 9, 0.999 9, 1.000 0, 1.000 0), respectively. The average recoveries (n = 6) were 102.3% (RSD 1.2%), 99.71% (RSD 1.9%), 101.2% (RSD 1.2%), and 99.40% (RSD 2.4%), respectively. The above four components were determined in five batches of samples by using the established method, with satisfactory results. The method was so simple, accurate and highly reproducible that it could be used for quality control of the four components in Zhengtian pills.

Topics: Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Monosaccharides; Monoterpenes; Quality Control; Xanthenes

A rapid, highly sensitive, and selective method was applied in a non-invasive way to investigate the antidepressant action of Xiaoyaosan (XYS) using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and chemometrics. Many significantly altered metabolites were used to explain the mechanism. Venlafaxine HCl and fluoxetine HCl were used as chemical positive control drugs with a relatively clear mechanism of action to evaluate the efficiency and to predict the mechanism of action of XYS. Urine obtained from rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was analyzed by UPLC-MS. Distinct changes in the pattern of metabolites in the rat urine after CUMS production and drug intervention were observed using partial least squares-discriminant analysis. The results of behavioral tests and multivariate analysis showed that CUMS was successfully reproduced, and a moderate-dose XYS produced significant therapeutic effects in the rodent model, equivalent to those of the positive control drugs, venlafaxine HCl and fluoxetine HCl. Metabolites with significant changes induced by CUMS were identified, and 17 biomarker candidates for stress and drug intervention were identified. The therapeutic effect of XYS on depression may involve regulation of the dysfunctions of energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and gut microflora changes. Metabonomic methods are valuable tools for measuring efficacy and mechanisms of action in the study of traditional Chinese medicines.

Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Benzoates; Biomarkers; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Catechin; Chalcone; Chromatography, Liquid; Citric Acid; Citric Acid Cycle; Coumaric Acids; Creatine Kinase; Creatinine; Cyclohexanols; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Fluoxetine; Gallic Acid; Gastrointestinal Tract; Glucosides; Glycine; Hippurates; Ketoglutaric Acids; Kynurenic Acid; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolomics; Microbiota; Monoterpenes; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress, Psychological; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride

A simple and accurate high-performance liquid chromatographic method was applied to the quantitative analysis of seven components of the traditional herbal prescription Jaeumganghwa-tang (JGT), including 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, ferulic acid, nodakenin, and glycyrrhizin. All seven compounds were separated in less than 40 min on a Gemini C18 column at 40°C by gradient elution using 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and acetonitrile containing 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the detector was a photodiode array (PDA) set at 230 nm, 254 nm, 280 nm, and 330 nm. The calibration curves showed good linearity (r (2) > 0.9998) in different concentration ranges. The recovery of each component was in the range of 91.47-102.62%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs, %) less than 4.5%. The RSDs (%) for intra- and interday precision were 0.06-2.85% and 0.06-2.83%, respectively. The concentrations of the seven components in JGT were in the range 0.74-5.48 mg/g.

Topics: Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Coumarins; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Furaldehyde; Glucosides; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Magnoliopsida; Monoterpenes

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for quantitative analysis of seven components, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (1), albiflorin (2), paeoniflorin (3), liquiritin (4), ferulic acid (5), nodakenin (6), and glycyrrhizin (7) of Palmul-tang (PMT), a traditional Korean medicine. HPLC analysis was performed using a Gemini C18 column at 40°C, and photodiode array (PDA) detection at 230 nm, 254 nm, 280 nm, 320 nm, and 330 nm was used for quantification of the seven components in PMT. The mobile phase was a gradient flow composed of two solvent systems. Solvent A was 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and solvent B was acetonitrile containing 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. Calibration curves were acquired with r (2) values > 0.9998, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs, %) for intra- and interday precision were both less than 6.0%. The recovery of each component was in the range of 90.66-103.79%, with a RSD less than 5.0%. The contents of the seven components in PMT range form 0.61-6.21 mg/g. Additionally, we investigated the cytotoxicity of the extract against the RBL-1 and BEAS-2B cell lines, as well as splenocytes.

Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Cell Line, Tumor; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Coumarins; Cytotoxins; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Flavanones; Furaldehyde; Glucosides; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Medicine, Korean Traditional; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Monoterpenes; Plant Preparations; Rats

We aimed to detect optimal ratio of cardioprotection-dependent absorbed bioactive compounds (ABCs) as quality control of guan-xin-er-hao (GXEH) formula extracted by various processings.. Ferulic acid (F), tanshinol (T), hydroxysafflor yellow A (A), protocatechualdehyde (P) and paeoniflorin (E) in GXEH formula and FTA in blood from rat with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were first identified by HPLC-MS/MS, and FTAPE in GXEH formulae with various herbs, extraction times and extraction water volumes were then quantitated only by HPLC.. FTAPE in various GXEH were determined. FTA were selected as GXEH's ABCs. Ratios of FTA were determined, suggesting the high (1:6.1:15.6), medium (1:1.7:15.2) and low (1:0.2:15.3) ratios. Three FTA ratios and their parent formulae ratio-dependently reduced infarct size, myocardial apoptosis and caspase-3 activity.. There is the optimal ratio of F:T:A among various formulae, contributing to the best cardioprotection. This FTA ratio was developed as quality control of GXEH formula.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Benzaldehydes; Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Cardiotonic Agents; Caspase 3; Catechols; Chalcone; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ethnopharmacology; Glucosides; Male; Monoterpenes; Myocardial Infarction; Phytotherapy; Quality Control; Quinones; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

To establish the method for the quality control of Xuefuzhuyu granule.. The content of Semen Armeniacae Amarum PE, Hydroxysafflor yellow A, paeoniflorin and ferulic acid in Xuefuzhuyu granule were determined by HPLC under multi-wavelength of 210, 403, 230, 316 nm.. The calibration curve of Semen Armeniacae Amarum PE. hydroxysafflor yellow A, paeoniflorin and ferulic acid were linear within 0.1154-0.9232 (r = 0.9998), 0.0219-0.1754 (r = 0.9994), 0.3952-3.1616 (r = 0.9995), and 0.0426-0.3408 microg (r = 0.9998), respectively. The average recoveries were 101.78% (RSD was 1.7%), 99.60% (RSD was 2.9%), 98.90% (RSD was 2.0%), and 100.31% (RSD was 1.8%), respectively.. The method of quantification is accurate, rapid and reliable for the quality control of Xuefuzhuyu granule.

Topics: Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chalcone; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Monoterpenes; Quinones; Reproducibility of Results

We have used microarray technology to detect the effect of Guanxin No.2 decoction on gene expression in different areas of the myocardial infarcted heart of rats.. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200 g) were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated; coronary artery ligation; and coronary artery ligation plus administration of Guanxin No.2 decoction (10.0 g raw materials/kg per day by gavage). The experiment was carried out on day seven after ligation.. We found that the gene expression using microarray technology showed many differences in the border infarcted left ventricular area compared with the remote noninfarcted left ventricular area after administration of Guanxin No.2 decoction.. Guanxin No.2 decoction has a long history in treating ischaemic cardiomyopathy in China, but the molecular mechanism has been unclear. In this study we found that some important genes may have contributed to the cardioprotective effect of Guanxin No.2 decoction.

Topics: Animals; Benzaldehydes; Benzoates; Benzofurans; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Cardiotonic Agents; Carthamus tinctorius; Catechols; Chalcone; Coumaric Acids; Dalbergia; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Profiling; Glucosides; Heart Ventricles; Hydroxybenzoates; Lactates; Ligusticum; Male; Monoterpenes; Myocardial Infarction; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Paeonia; Plant Extracts; Quinones; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Salvia miltiorrhiza

To study the optimal extraction process of chaihushugan powder by orthogonal design.. RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of saikosaponin a, ferulic acid, hesperidin and paeoniflorin in chaihushugan powder. The contents of the components and the extraction yield were selected as assessment indices. Four factors were study by L9 (3(4)), including the alcohol concentration, amount of alcohol, duration of extraction and times of extraction.. The optimal extracting condition was 80% alcohol consumed as 10 times of crude herb amount, and extracting two times for 90 min each time.. This study supplies theoretical base for the development of chaihushugan powder formulation.

Topics: Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Bupleurum; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ethanol; Glucosides; Hesperidin; Hot Temperature; Monoterpenes; Oleanolic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Powders; Quality Control; Saponins; Solubility; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Time Factors

To compare the contents of ferulic acid and paeoniflorin between traditional slice decoction and dispensing granule decoction of Siwu Tang.. A HPLC method detected ferulic acid and paeoniflorin with Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column. The column temperature was setup at 35 degrees C and the flow rate was 1 ml/min. The mobile phase for ferulic acid was a mixed solution of MeOH-H2O-0.05% H3PO4 (40:50:10) and the wavelength was 327 nm, while for paeoniflorin was a mixed solution of CH3CN-H2O-0.05% H3PO4 (16:74:10) and the wavelength was 230 nm.. The contents of ferulic acid and paeoniflorin in the dispensing granule decoction were 8.91 mg/dose and 83.57 mg/dose, in the traditional slice decoction were 8. 90 mg/dose and 78. 51 mg/dose, and in the dispensing granule decoction from different factories were from 3.36 to 7.67 mg/dose and from 48.13 to 67.52 mg/dose.. The HPLC chromatotograms are similar in the two forms of Siwu Tang and the contents of ferulic acid and paeoniflorin are equivalent, but discrepant in the dispensing granule decoction from different factories.

Topics: Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ethanol; Glucosides; Monoterpenes; Plants, Medicinal; Solvents; Technology, Pharmaceutical

An HPLC-photodiode array (PDA) detection method was established for the simultaneous determination of 12 components in Xiao-Yao-San-Jia-Wei (XYSJW): geniposide, puerarin, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, liquiritin, hesperidin, naringin, paeonol, daidzein, glycyrrhizic acid, honokiol, and magnolol. These were separated in less than 70 min using a Waters Symmetry Shield RP 18 column with gradient elution using (A) acetonitrile, (B) water, and (C) acetic acid at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, and with a PDA detector. All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r(2)>0.9992) within the test ranges. The method was validated for specificity, accuracy, precision, and limits of detection. The proposed method enables in a single run the simultaneous identification and determination for quality control of 12 multi-structural components of XYSJW forming the basis of its therapeutic effect.

Topics: Acetophenones; Benzoates; Biphenyl Compounds; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Glucosides; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Hesperidin; Iridoids; Isoflavones; Lignans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Molecular Structure; Monoterpenes; Quality Control; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity

To simultaneously determine the contents and explore the pharmacokinetics of ferulic acid and paeoniflorin by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after oral administration of Modified Xiao-yao Decoction (MXYD), a compound of traditional Chinese herbal medicine.. A total of 8 healthy men were enlisted in this study. The serum samples were preprocessed by immersion method. The HPLC system was used to determine the contents of ferulic acid and paeoniflorin in the blood samples of the 8 healthy volunteers, and the blood was collected through the ulnar vein at 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h after MXYD administration. The dates of serum concentration-time were fitted by using the 3P97 analytical program of pharmacokinetics. The internal standard (IS) was coumarin. The detection wavelengths of paeoniflorin and ferulic acid were 230 nm from 0 min to 10 min and 320 nm from 10 min to 25 min respectively.. After MXYD administration, paeoniflorin and ferulic acid were separated completely in the serum and no other interfering peaks were found in the spectrum of the chromatograms. The retention times of the paeoniflorin and ferulic acid were 8.02 min and 13.32 min respectively, and that of the coumarin was 19.14 min. The mean recovery rates of paeoniflorin and ferulic acid were 100.9% and 95.3% with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.2% and 3.4%, respectively. The calibration curve for paeoniflorin was linear over the concentration range 40-1 280 ng/ml. Its low-detection limit based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 5 ng/ml and low-concentration limit was 15 ng/ml with an RSD of 12.5%. Ferulic acid was in the range 10-320 ng/ml; its low-detection limit was 0.65 ng/ml and low-concentration limit was 5 ng/ml with an RSD of 9.7%. The method was found to be highly precise, with an RSD<5% and interday and intraday variability in the range of 92.1%-109.9% for each of the concentrations tested.. This is a study on simultaneously determining paeoniflorin and ferulic acid in serum of healthy volunteers after oral administration of MXYD. The assay is suitable for identifying the serum levels of ferulic acid and paeoniflorin in clinical investigations.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Humans; Male; Monoterpenes; Young Adult

A high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode-array detection method was developed for simultaneous determination of glycyrrhizin, paeoniflorin, benzoic acid, quercetin, ferulic acid, formononetin, liquiritin and isoliquiritigenin in the Chinese proprietary medicine "Xiao Yao Wan" (XYW). The analysis was performed by reverse phase gradient elution, using an aqueous mobile phase (containing 0.1% phosphoric acid) modified by acetonitrile and detection made simultaneously at four wavelengths. The method was validated for accuracy, precision and limits of detection and quantification. Ten batches of XYW obtained from different pharmaceutical companies were analyzed and found to contain different amounts of the eight bioactive markers. This method could be used for quality assessment of this herbal medicine.

Topics: Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chalcones; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Glucosides; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Isoflavones; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Molecular Structure; Monoterpenes; Quercetin; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity

To search for the method used in refining Xiaoyao Pill by macroporous adsorption resin, 12 types of macroporous adsorption resin were optimized.. Static and dynamic adsorption test and de-adsorption test were carried out to screen the best macroporous resin. The single factor test was applied to optimize the manipulation parameters of macroporous resin.. The macroporous resin D-101-1 possessed the strongest adsorption ability, in addition to an easy de-adsorption property.. The D-101-1 type macroporous adsorption resin shows better comprehensive adsorption property. It is available for the refine Xiaoyao Pill.

Topics: Adsorption; Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Coumaric Acids; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Glycyrrhetinic Acid; Monoterpenes; Oleanolic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Resins, Synthetic; Saponins; Tablets; Technology, Pharmaceutical

Effects of four Si-Wu-Tang (SWT)'s constituents, fructose (Fru), paeoniflorin (Pae), ferulic acid (FA), tetramethyl pyrazine (TP), and their combination on irradiated mice as model of anaemia were investigated, with the purpose of further understanding the relationship between SWT's constituents and activities. Similarly to SWT, oral administration of Fru, Pae, FA, TP and their combination, to some extent, all showed effects of increasing the number of peripheral leukocyte and increasing four types of progenitor cells in bone marrow, including colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), colony-forming unit-mature erythroid (CFU-E), colony-forming unit-immature erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming unit-multipotential (CFU-mix). Pae and FA showed significant body weight reducing effect, which were largely abolished when they were combined with Fru and TP. The SWT, Fru and combination significantly increased the thymus index while Pae significantly decreased it. Both SWT and TP significantly increased the spleen index but the combination did not. The results suggested that multiple constituents contribute to the promoting effect of SWT on hematopoiesis. Although being a very common compound in plants, the Fru has a special contribution to SWT's effect, which cannot be neglected. It may be an important active constituent that is responsible for SWT's promoting effect on hematopoiesis and immunity. Another suggestion is that when being combined, some effect of one constituent, sometimes is unexpected side effect, may be abolished by other. This may reflect the advantage of multiple constituent characteristics possessed by most TCMs.

Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Body Weight; Bone Marrow Cells; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Coumaric Acids; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Fructose; Gamma Rays; Glucosides; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Monoterpenes; Pyrazines; Radiation-Protective Agents; Stem Cells; Thymus Gland

In order to discuss the chemical foundation of hematopoietic effect of Siwu Tang, three fractions of different polarities (C1, C2 and C3) were prepared from Siwu Tang and the characteristics of these fractions' constituents were investigated.. Fraction C1, C2 and C3 of Siwu Tang and corresponding fractions of Siwu Tang's four ingredient drugs were analyzed and compared, synthetically using the three methods of high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).. Fraction C1 of Siwu Tang contained various types of compounds, including ferulic acid, paeoniflorin and supposedly ligustilide, etc. Saccharide content in fraction C1 was very little. The major constituents in fraction C2 of Siwu Tang were paeoniflorin, monosaccaride and disaccharide. The major constituents in fraction C3 of Siwu Tang were monosaccaride and disaccharide.. With synthetical chromatographic and direct infusion ESI-MS methods, abundant information on composition of fractions of traditional Chinese medicine formulas can be obtained. The results gained with different methods can be compared with each other and corroborate each other, so that the obtained information can be more comprehensive and more definite than that gained with single method. The results of this study are important as references for the discussion of the chemical foundation of hematopoietic effect of Siwu Tang.

Topics: Angelica sinensis; Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Coumaric Acids; Disaccharides; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Ligusticum; Monosaccharides; Monoterpenes; Paeonia; Plants, Medicinal; Rehmannia; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

To study pharmacokinetics of ferulic acid and paeoniflorin that are two chief active compounds in Angelic-Paeonia Root Powder (APRP).. After the mice were administered by APRP through ig, HPLC was used to determine ferulic acid and paeoniflorin concentration in serum at different times. 3P87 procedure was used to process concentration-time data.. Ferulic acid and paeoniflorin were detected from serum in the mice. The pharmacokinetics parameters were: Ferulic acid: Ke = 0.330 +/- 0.085 1/h, Ka = 0.555 +/- 0.133 1/h, t1/2(ka) = 1.249 +/- 0.365 h, t1/2(ke) = 2.101 +/- 0.665 h, Tpeak = 2.606 +/- 0.586 h, Cmax = 6.372 +/- 1.510 mg.L-1, AUC = 41.399 +/- 11.763 mg.h-1.L-1; Paeoniflorin: Ke = 0.511 +/- 0.117 1/h, Ka = 0.656 +/- 0.121 1/h, t1/2(Ka) = 1.056 +/- 0.263 h, t1/2(Ke) = 1.356 +/- 0.281 h, Tpeak = 2.062 +/- 0.396 h, Cmax = 3.401 +/- 0.879 mg.L-1, AUC = 16.047 +/- 3.767 mg.L-1. The present research provided valuable data for rational clinical practice of APRP.

Topics: Angelica sinensis; Animals; Area Under Curve; Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Coumaric Acids; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Glucosides; Male; Mice; Monoterpenes; Paeonia; Plants, Medicinal; Powders

To compare the influence of different methods with YRW (yellow rice wine) on the composition of Siwu decoction.. TCL-SM was used to determine the ferulic acid, paeoniflorin and matters dissolved in ether in Siwu decoction.. The Siwu decoction with YRW preparation has the highest contents, while the Siwu decoction containing Chinese Angelica root and Rehmammia root prepared with YRW has the lowest contents.. The Siwu decoction prepared with YRW or added with YRW is more helpful for ferulic acid and paeoniflorin to be dissolved out than the Siwu decoction containing Chinese Angelica root and Rehmannia root prepared with YRW.

Topics: Benzoates; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Coumaric Acids; Drug Combinations; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Hot Temperature; Monoterpenes; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Wine