oxalates and purine

Drug-induced urinary calculi, although they account for only 1-2% of urinary calculi, deserve consideration because most of them are preventable. In the drug-containing calculi resulting from the crystallization of a certain drug and its metabolites in the urine, stone analysis can identify the responsible drug. While, in the drug-induced metabolic calculi caused by interference with calcium, oxalate and purine metabolism, careful clinical inquiry is necessary to reveal involvement of a certain drug in stone formation. Better awareness of the possible drugs with lithogenic potential and close surveillance of patients on long-term treatment with these drugs are necessary. Especially, in patients with a history of urolithiaisis, prescription of lithogenic drugs deserve careful consideration.

Topics: Allopurinol; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Benzbromarone; Calcium; Calcium Compounds; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Crystallization; Diuretics; Drug Combinations; Furosemide; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Magnesium Silicates; Oxalates; Protease Inhibitors; Purines; Time Factors; Triamterene; Urinary Calculi; Vitamin D

Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Amino Acids; Calcium; Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases; Carrier Proteins; Chloride Channels; Cystinuria; Humans; Hyperoxaluria, Primary; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; Mutation; Organic Anion Transporters; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Oxalates; Proteinuria; Proton-Translocating ATPases; Purines; Transaminases; Uric Acid; Urinary Calculi

The reaction of nucleobases (adenine or purine) with a metallic salt in the presence of potassium oxalate in an aqueous solution yields one-dimensional complexes of formulas [M(mu-ox)(H(2)O)(pur)](n) (pur = purine, ox = oxalato ligand (2-); M = Cu(II) [1], Co(II) [2], and Zn(II) [3]), [Co(mu-ox)(H(2)O)(pur)(0.76)(ade)(0.24)](n)(4) and ([M(mu-ox)(H(2)O)(ade)].2(ade).(H(2)O))(n) (ade = adenine; M = Co(II) [5] and Zn(II) [6]). Their X-ray single-crystal structures, variable-temperature magnetic measurements, thermal behavior, and FT-IR spectroscopy are reported. The complexes 1-4 crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/a (No. 14) with similar crystallographic parameters. The compounds 5 and 6 are also isomorphous but crystallize in the triclinic space group P (No. 2). All compounds contain one-dimensional chains in which cis-[M(H(2)O)(L)](2+) units are bridged by bis-bidentate oxalato ligands with M(.)M intrachain distances in the range 5.23-5.57 A. In all cases, the metal atoms are six-coordinated by four oxalato oxygen atoms, one water molecule, and one nitrogen atom from a terminal nucleobase, building distorted octahedral MO(4)O(w)N surroundings. The purine ligand is bound to the metal atom through the most basic imidazole N9 atom in 1-4, whereas in 5 and 6 the minor groove site N3 of the adenine nucleobase is the donor atom. The crystal packing of compounds 5 and 6 shows the presence of uncoordinated adenine and water crystallization molecules. The cohesiveness of the supramolecular 3D structure of the compounds is achieved by means of an extensive network of noncovalent interactions (hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking interactions). Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements of the Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes in the range 2-300 K show the occurrence of antiferromagnetic intrachain interactions.

Topics: Adenine; Cobalt; Copper; Crystallography, X-Ray; Ligands; Metals, Heavy; Models, Chemical; Models, Molecular; Organometallic Compounds; Oxalates; Purines; Zinc