ovalbumin and pentaerythritol

As vaccine adjuvants, polyacrylate materials can induce a specific immune response in the body and have been widely studied in recent years due to their advantages, such as their safety, effectiveness, and low required dosage. In this study, a series of polyacrylates with hydrophobic physical crosslinking and chemical crosslinking were prepared using precipitation polymerization, and their structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The optimal reaction conditions were determined according to the effect of reaction time, azodiisobutyronitrile, Span 60, allyl pentaerythritol, and octadecyl methacrylate (OMA) contents on the viscosity of the polyacrylate microgel, combined with the effects of allyl pentaerythritol and OMA contents on the subcutaneous immune safety of the polyacrylate microgel in BALB/c mice. The polyacrylate microgels with different OMA contents showed good biological safety. In addition, in vivo immunity experiments were carried out in mice to analyze the adjuvant properties of ovalbumin as a model antigen. Based on the titer results of the IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies, with 1 wt % OMA content, the polyacrylate microgel vaccine could optimally induce the body to produce an immune response type dominated by Th2-type humoral immune response and supplemented by Th1-type cellular immune response.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Animals; Antigens; Mice; Microgels; Ovalbumin; Th1 Cells; Th2 Cells

Immune adjuvants are important components of current and prospective cancer vaccines. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the use of a synthetic lipid A derivative, pentaerythritol lipid A (PET lipid A), loaded into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles, as a potential cancer vaccine adjuvant. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles (size range: 250-600 nm) were successfully formulated to include PET lipid A and/or the model tumor antigen, chicken ovalbumin (OVA). It was shown that particulated PET lipid A had a distinct advantage at promoting secretion of the immune potentiating cytokine, IL-12p70, and upregulating key costimulatory surface proteins, CD86 and CD40, in murine dendritic cells in vitro. In a murine tumor model, involving prophylactic vaccination with various permutations of soluble versus particulated formulations of OVA with or without PET lipid A, modest benefit was observed in terms of OVA-specific cell-mediated immune responses when PET lipid A was delivered in particles. These findings translated into a corresponding trend toward increased survival of mice challenged with OVA-expressing tumor cells (E.G7). In terms of translation of safe adjuvants into the clinic, these results promote the concept of delivering toll-like receptor-4 agonists in particles because doing so improves their adjuvant properties, while decreasing the chances of adverse effects due to off-target uptake by nonphagocytic cells.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Antigens; Biocompatible Materials; Cancer Vaccines; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Cytokines; Dendritic Cells; Female; Lactic Acid; Lipid A; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neoplasms; Ovalbumin; Polyglycolic Acid; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Propylene Glycols; Toll-Like Receptors